The effect of henna and linseed herbal ointment blend on wound healing in rats with second-degree burns

The treatment of skin burns is one of the most important challenge in medical science. The aim of this study is evaluation of the efficacy of Artaderm herbal ointment containing the Henna (Lawsonia inermis) extract, Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil, and Honey Wax on wound healing in the rat with second-degree burn wounds. The Artaderm ointment had an effective role in controlling burn wound infections due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, 64 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 8). Four groups received Artaderm, 1% Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD 1%), Cod Liver Oil and Fundermol (Alpha) ointments which used in common practices for burn injuries. Another three groups received Henna, Linseed, and Honey Wax alone and a control group that just underwent a second-degree burn injury without any treatments. A second-degree burn was formed on the back of each rat and dressed daily with one of the agents. Burn wounds were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day after burn induction. Rats treated with the Artaderm ointment had significantly faster wound contraction as well as shorter healing time than the rest groups. No scar was observed in rats treated with the Artaderm ointment on the 21st day, while this level of improvement was not observed in other groups at the same time. More than 90% of wounds were healed after on the 14th day in rats treated with Artaderm (94.10 ± 0.18) and Alpha (92.05 ± 0.23) ointments. According to these findings, it can be concluded that Artaderm herbal ointment can be used as a proper alternative for healing of wounds in second-degree burns.     

成纤维细胞生长因子在烧伤创面内变化的临床观察

目的 探讨临床烧伤创面愈合过程中成纤维细胞生长因子（ＦＧＦ）的变化及其作用。方法采用免疫组织化学方法,对烧伤创面肉芽中心部、肉芽与愈合皮肤的交界部、愈合皮肤和自身正常皮肤,以及Ⅲ度烧伤创面不同部位和Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合过程中ＦＧＦ表达变化进行了观察。结果 Ⅲ度烧伤创面不同部位ＦＧＦ表达强度不同,以创面的肉芽中心部ＦＧＦ含量最多,肉芽与愈合皮肤的交界部ＦＧＦ含量次之,愈合皮肤ＦＧＦ含量较少;每个创面ＦＧ     

Clinical significance of leukocyte infiltrative response in deep wound of patients with major burns

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the time course of infiltrated leukocytes and the subpopulations of infiltrated lymphocytes in deep wounds, and their relationship with injury severity in seriously burned patients. METHODS: Six patients with major burns were enrolled in the study. Specimens were taken from deep partial-thickness burn wounds of all patients at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after burn. The appearance time and cellular components of infiltrated leukocyte zone in the burn wound were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemistry examination with lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The infiltrated leukocyte zone of burn wound formed 1-2 weeks after burn. The more severe the degree of injury (including burn area, depth and combined injuries) was, the later the infiltrated leukocyte zone appeared. The infiltrated cells mainly consisted of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during the early period after burn while macrophages and lymphocytes appeared later. There were some changes of the T lymphocyte subsets and their activation degree in the burn wound. CONCLUSION: The changes of infiltrated leukocyte zone of wound following burns were closely related to the injury severity, and represented alteration of the anti-infection ability and immune rejection of local wound. These results provide important evidence for appropriate wound treatment and prolonging the survival of skin allograft.     

生长激素在成人大面积深度烧伤的应用

OBJECTIVE: To determine the wound healing effect of rHGH in adult burn patients. METHODS: 16 patients with burn wounds covering over 60% of total body surface (TBSA) were enrolled in this placebo controlled prospective study. They were comparable in nutrient intake, TBSA, and full thickness burn area. rHGH group patients were given rHGH subcutaneously in the dose of 0.3u.Kg-1 at 8 am each morning for 10 days beginning from POD 1. The control group patients were given normal saline as placebo. All the patients received scar excision within 4 days postburn, and the excision wounds were covered with autologous skin pulp grafting. Serum amino acid profile was analyzed at day 1 and day 20 post burn. Healing time of burn wound area and donor site was recorded. Wound healing rate was assessed at day 30 after day. RESULTS: 1. The healing time of autologous skin pulp grafting and donor site, and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in GH group patients than control group. 2. The amino acid profile showed no difference between two groups at day 1 and was significantly better in GH group at day 20. CONCLUSION: rHGH could enhance the wound healing rate, improve amino acid profile, and reduce the length of hospital stay of severe burn patients.     

Ⅱ度烧伤病人皮肤角朊细胞ICAM—1的表达

目的 探讨Ⅱ度烧伤伤面愈合过程中角朊细胞间附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）的表达及其意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学染色技术,对烧伤后不同时间Ⅱ度烧伤皮肤组织角朊细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达进行动态观察。８例健康人皮肤,６例烧伤病人正常皮肤及８例Ⅱ度烧伤愈合后增生性瘢痕组织为对照组。结果 健康人正常皮肤基底层细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１可低表达,烧伤病人正常皮肤基底层细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１可表达增强。Ⅱ度他面基底层细胞伤后１周内Ｉ     

A new,fast LDI for assessment of burns: A multi-centre clinical evaluation

IntroductionLaser Doppler imaging (LDI) provides early accurate determination of wound healing potential. LDI can scan large areas of up to 2500 cm² within 2 min. This duration may require additional sedation in a mobile, uncooperative child. In five burn centres a faster Laser Doppler Line Scanner (LDLS) was assessed. This new imager scans 300 cm² in 4 s with potential benefit for patients and operators. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and convenience of the LDLS and to compare this with an established LDI imager.MethodsOutpatients and admitted patients were included. LDI and LDLS images were obtained between 2 and 5 days post burn (PB). Photographs and records of wound and healing were obtained on day of scan and at 14 and 21 days PB. This provided data on three categories of burn wounds: healing within 14 days, 14–21 days and not healed within 21 days.ResultsThe analysis included 596 burn areas from 204 burns patients. An accuracy of 94.2% was found with use of the LDLS compared with 94.4% for the original LDI imager.ConclusionsThe high accuracy of the new line-scan imager was comparable to that of the traditional LDI. Its size and mobility enabled easier ward and outpatient use. The higher scan speed was particularly beneficial for scans in paediatric patients.     

Ⅱ度烧伤病人皮肤角朊细胞ICAM-1的表达

目的探讨Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合过程中角朊细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达及其意义。方法应用免疫组织化学染色技术,对烧伤后不同时间Ⅱ度烧伤皮肤组织角朊细胞 ICAM-1的表达进行动态观察。8例健康人皮肤,6例烧伤病人正常皮肤及8例Ⅱ度烧伤愈合后增生性瘢痕组织为对照组。结果健康人正常皮肤基底层细胞 ICAM-1可低表达,烧伤病人正常皮肤基底层细胞ICAM-1可表达增强。Ⅱ度创面基底层细胞伤后1周内 ICAM-1表达轻度增高,2周内明显增强,2～4周稳定高表达,ICAM-1呈极性分布,新生上皮多层角朊细胞 ICAM-1表达显著增强,ICAM-1阳性细胞呈长柱状排列。结论Ⅱ度烧伤皮肤角朊细胞 ICAM-1表达增强可能与创基炎性细胞浸润相关,具有诱导角朊细胞增殖、迁移,加速上皮化的作用。     

A comparative study to evaluate the effect of honey dressing and silver sulfadiazene dressing on wound healing in burn patients

To compare the effect of honey dressing and silver-sulfadiazene (SSD) dressing on wound healing in burn patients. Patients (n=78) of both sexes, with age group between 10 and 50 years and with first and second degree of burn of less than 50% of TBSA (Total body surface area) were included in the study, over a period of 2 years (2006-08). After stabilization, patients were randomly attributed into two groups: ‘honey group’ and ‘SSD group’. Time elapsed since burn was recorded. After washing with normal saline, undiluted pure honey was applied over the wounds of patients in the honey group (n=37) and SSD cream over the wounds of patients in SSD group (n=41), everyday. Wound was dressed with sterile gauze, cotton pads and bandaged. Status of the wound was assessed every third and seventh day and on the day of completion of study. Patients were followed up every fortnight till epithelialization. The bacteriological examination of the wound was done every seventh day. The mean age for case (honey group) and control (SSD group) was 34.5 years and 28.5 years, respectively. Wound swab culture was positive in 29 out of 36 patients who came within 8 hours of burn and in all patients who came after 24 hours. The average duration of healing in patients treated with honey and SSD dressing at any time of admission was 18.16 and 32.68 days, respectively. Wound of all those patients (100%) who reported within 1 hour became sterile with honey dressing in less than 7 days while none with SSD. All of the wounds became sterile in less than 21 days with honey, while tthis was so in only 36.5% with SSD treated wounds. The honey group included 33 patients reported within 24 hour of injury, and 26 out of them had complete outcome at 2 months of follow-up, while numbers for the SSD group were 32 and 12. Complete outcome for any admission point of time after 2 months was noted in 81% and 37% of patients in the honey group and the SSD group. Honey dressing improves wound healing, makes the wound sterile in lesser time, has a better outcome in terms of prevention of hypertrophic scarring and post-burn contractures, and decreases the need of debridement irrespective of time of admission, when compared to SSD dressing.     

Cutaneous microcirculatory assessment of the burn wound is associated with depth of injury and predicts healing time

Rationale

Current trends for the treatment of deep partial thickness and full-thickness burns include early excision and skin grafting. In this study we retrospectively evaluated the ability of Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF), taken within 24 h of the burn to predict: (1) burn wound depth and (2) wounds which would heal in less than 21 days.

Method

The Laser Doppler Flowmeter (O2C, LEA Medizintechnik, Germany) was employed to non-invasively measure the cutaneous microcirculation of 173 selected areas on 28 patients who suffered burns.

Results

A distinct association between initial flow (<24 h after burn injury) and the clinical assessment of depth of burn wounds was observed. Wounds demonstrating an initial blood flow of >100 AU were, in 93.1% of cases, correctly (positively) predicted for spontaneous healing within 21 days. A blood flow of <100 AU (negatively) predicted in 88.2%, those wounds which would not go on to heal within 21 days. Sequential measurement analysis (<24 h, 3 days after injury and 6 days after injury) revealed no significant decrease in skin perfusion velocity or flow rate.

Conclusion

LDF can provide immediate results for early determination of burn wound depth and is useful in selecting patients for conservative treatment of their burn wounds.     

生物活性修复材料-康倍治疗烧伤的疗效观察

目的观察生物活性玻璃和透明质酸钠结合修复材料(康倍)治疗烧伤创面的疗效。方法2006年3月～9月,收治烧伤患者20例,其中男16例,女4例;年龄18～58岁,平均40岁。创面类型:深度烧伤创面7例,度烧伤残余肉芽创面9例,植皮后皮间隙4例。按随机、同体对照原则,试验组与对照组各20个创面,创面范围2.0cm×1.5cm～40.0cm×20.0cm。试验组创面以康倍换药,对照组以空白膏剂换药。分别于用药后1、3、6、11、16及21d观察各创面的肉芽生长和愈合情况,并检查用药前后肝、肾功能及血常规。结果试验组创面用药后11d愈合3例,16d愈合4例,21d愈合4例;对照组创面观察期无完全愈合者。观察期内愈合面积达2/3以上者试验组18例,对照组为1例。按照创面愈合评价标准,试验组显效18例,有效1例,可疑有效1例,总有效率为95%;对照组显效1例,有效9例,可疑有效10例,总有效率为50%,试验组疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。患者治疗前后血常规及肝、肾功能等指标无明显异常改变。结论康倍具有良好促进肉芽生长、加快创面愈合的作用。     

Inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial adherence following thermal injury.

Progressive microvascular damage in the tissue adjacent to a cutaneous burn injury results in extension of burn size. The role of neutrophils (PMNs) in the pathogenesis of microvascular injury was investigated by inhibition of PMN adherence to the microvascular endothelium using monoclonal antibodies directed to the leukocyte CD18 adhesion complex or its endothelial ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54). A model of thermal injury was developed using New Zealand White rabbits. Under general anesthesia two sets of three full-thickness burns separated by two 5 x 30-mm zones were produced by applying brass probes heated to 100 degrees C to the animals' backs for 30 sec. Cutaneous blood flow determinations were obtained for 72 hr. Blood flow measurements were performed using a laser doppler blood flowmeter (PF3, Perimed, Piscataway, NJ). There were five experimental groups; controls given saline alone, n = 12; animals given monoclonal antibody to the PMN CD18 complex, R 15.7 prior to burn injury (pre-R15.7, n = 5); animals given R 15.7 30 min after burn injury (post-R 15.7, n = 6); animals given the anti ICAM-1 antibody, R 6.5 prior to burn (pre-R 6.5, n = 6); and animals given the R 6.5 30 min postburn injury (post-R 6.5, n = 6). BF in the marginal "zone of stasis" between burn contact sites was significantly higher in the antibody-treated animals and administration of the antibodies 30 min after injury was as effective as preburn administration in preserving blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

几种深Ⅱ度烧伤创面处理方法的回顾及改善创面微循环的初步实验研究

目的回顾性分析几种深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的修复方法,探讨改善创面微循环对创面愈合的意义. 方法 (1)对于笔者单位烧伤患者的深Ⅱ度创面,应用削痂疗法治疗614例、磨痂疗法治疗32例、清创后异体皮覆盖86例、外用磺胺嘧啶银后创面暴露1 836例、外用中药京万红烫伤膏包扎治疗408例.统计、分析各种疗法的治疗效果.(2)制作大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型.伤后5 min内分别由其尾静脉注入等渗盐水(对照组,10只)、巴曲酶(治疗组,10只),创面均外用磺胺嘧啶银.测定两组大鼠伤前及伤后0.5-72.0 h的创面皮肤血流灌注单位,计算其伤后14、18 d的创面愈合率、收缩率及创面愈合时间.用组织学方法观察两组大鼠创面愈合后的皮肤毛囊数. 结果 (1)削痂疗法术后2-3周创面愈合,其中烧伤总面积50%～79%TBSA的患者治愈率94.8%,总面积80%～98%TBSA者治愈率93.4%.磨痂疗法磨痂+异体皮覆盖术后(13.8±2.1)d创面愈合,无瘢痕形成.清创后异体皮覆盖其中82例患者术后(18.0±2.3)d创面愈合.外用磺胺嘧啶银后暴露其中1 658例患者用药后(26.0±3.2)d痂下愈合.外用京万红烫伤膏后包扎患者多有细菌感染,其中下肢创面愈合时间为(26.0±2.8)d.(2)治疗组大鼠伤后2.0-72.0 h创面局部血流灌注单位均明显高于对照组(P<0.01).伤后14、18 d,治疗组创面愈合率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),但两组创面收缩率接近(P>0.05).治疗组创面愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.01).伤后30 d,对照组大鼠真皮层中残存少量毛囊,数量明显少于治疗组(P<0.01). 结论深Ⅱ度烧伤后早期采用削痂、磨痂或清创后覆盖异体皮的方法处理创面,可减轻感染、缩短疗程、提高治愈率和愈合质量.使用巴曲酶可改善深Ⅱ度烧伤创面微循环,加快愈合速度.     

采用人工真皮修复大面积烧伤早期手部创面的疗效观察

目的:观察早期应用人工真皮修复大面积烧伤患者手部创面的效果.方法:选取2009年1月-2010年9月就诊于北京市右安门医院的大面积烧伤患者38例,采用随机分组方法分为两组.人工真皮组19例在早期修复手部创面手术中用人工真皮覆盖创面,2周后用自体刃厚皮片覆盖.对照组19例创面早期切痂、行自体微粒+异体皮移植,后期肉芽组织...     

Validity of thermography for measuring burn wound healing potential

Accurate assessment of burn wound depth and the associated healing potential is vital in determining the need for surgical treatment in burns. Infrared thermography measures the temperature of the burn wound noninvasively, thereby providing indirect information on its blood flow. Previous research demonstrated that a small, low‐priced, handheld thermal imager has an excellent reliability, but a moderate validity for measuring burn wound healing potential. A new and more sensitive version of this convenient device has become available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of thermography for measuring burn wound healing potential, compared to Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) as a reference standard. Thermal images and LDI scans were obtained from burn wounds between 2 and 5 days postburn. Temperature differences between burned and nonburned skin (ΔT) were calculated. To evaluate validity, ΔT values were compared to the healing potential categories assessed by LDI. Two receiver operating characteristic curves were created and two ΔT cutoff values were calculated to illustrate the ability to discriminate between burn wounds that heal in a time period of less than 14 days, between 14 and 21 days, and more than 21 days. Between June and October 2018, 43 burn wounds in 32 patients were measured. ΔT cutoff values of 0.6°C (sensitivity 68%, specificity 95%) and ?2.3°C (sensitivity 30%, specificity 95%) were calculated to discriminate between burn wounds that heal in <14 and ≥14 days, and burn wound that heal in ≤21 and >21 days, respectively. This study shows a good validity of the feasible thermal imager for the assessment of burn wound healing potential. Therefore, we consider it a promising technique to be used for triage in local hospitals and general practices, and as a valuable addition to clinical evaluation in burn centers.     

Porcine dermal collagen as a wound dressing for skin donor sites and deep partial skin thickness burns

Collagen was extracted by pepsin digestion from porcine skin, and collagen membrane was prepared by salt precipitation. The porcine collagen membrane was evaluated as a burn wound dressing in deep partial skin thickness burn wounds in rats. Burn wounds, 4 × 4 cm, were inflicted by exposure of skin to 75°C for 15 s followed by de-epithelialization. Wound healing was assessed by planimetry of epithelialization on day 10 after injury. Open wounds exhibited 24 per cent of wound area re-epithelialized. Collagen membrane dressing significantly improved the healing to 69 per cent of wound area (P < 0.0001). In a completely separate experiment, the porcine collagen membrane was applied as a wound dressing to the donor sites of burn patients, and its effect on wound healing was compared with that of a petroleum jelly gauze dressing. The donor sites covered with petroleum jelly gauze had re-epithelialized by an average of 14.5 days (ranging from 13 to 16 days) after wounding. The wounds dressed with collagen membrane demonstrated a significant increase in the healing rate. Complete re-epithelialization was observed by 10.3 days (ranging from 10 to 12 days) after wounding (P < 0.0001).     

应用表皮生长因子治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的远期临床疗效观察

目的　观察重组人表皮生长因子 (rhEGF)用于深Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗的远期疗效及安全性。　方法　对 37例烧伤患者进行随机、双盲、同体对照实验 ,每例患者选择一块深Ⅱ度烧伤创面 ,并将其分为面积相近的两部分 ,于伤后第 1天开始分别用单纯等渗盐水 (对照组 )和含rhEGF的等渗盐水 (治疗组 )进行换药治疗。创面愈合后 1、4年时 ,对各患者进行院外随访 ,采用改良温哥华瘢痕测量法 ,评价上述受试创面愈合后的瘢痕指数 (SI)。　结果　 1年后随访时 ,治疗组SI为 7.19± 1.6 7,明显小于对照组 8.92± 1.78(P <0 .0 1) ;4年后随访时 ,治疗组SI为 6 .12± 1.5 4 ,明显小于对照组 8.0 9± 1.81(P <0 .0 1)。所有受试创面均无肿瘤形成、癌变等并发症发生。　结论　外用rhEGF治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面 ,能明显减少后期瘢痕的形成 ,远期疗效和安全性较好。     

重组人表皮细胞生长因子治疗烧伤创面研究

目的　探讨外用重组人表皮细胞生长因子 (rh EGF)治疗 度烧伤创面最佳用药方式。　方法　 2 0 0 0年6月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月对 6 0例浅 度和深 度烧伤患者共 180个创面进行随机双盲实验 ,每例患者设 A、B、C 3个治疗区。A区为 SD- Ag对照治疗区 ,1% SD- Ag霜涂创面 ,每日 1次 ;B区为 rh EGF治疗区 ,rh EGF4 0 U/ cm2 直接喷在创面上 ,每日 1次 ;C区为 rh EGF和速愈平混合治疗区 ,rh EGF4 0 U/ cm2和速愈平 5 g混合涂在创面上 ,每日 1次 ;每日观察记录 3个治疗区变化 ,直至创面愈合停止用药 ;愈合 1周后检查创面外观、皮肤弹性 ,并行统计学处理。　结果　浅 度创面 A区愈合时间为 (13.2 0± 2 .4 0 )天 ,B区为 (10 .2 0± 2 .2 0 )天 ,C区为 (8.72± 2 .31)天 ,组间比较有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1) ;深 度创面 A区愈合时间为 (2 0 .10± 3.4 0 )天 ,B区为 (17.2 0± 3.12 )天 ,C区为 (15 .10± 3.81)天 ,组间比较有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 )。治疗期中 A区渗出液、创缘炎性反应均较 B、C区显著。深 度创面愈合后 B、C区无充血 ,有弹性和韧性 ;A区充血 ,无弹性和韧性。　结论　rh EGF对烧伤创面有明显促愈合作用 ,可改善愈合质量。rh EGF和速愈平联合使用对缩短创面愈合时间及提高愈合质量作用     

荷负电气溶胶治疗Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床效果及病理学观察

目的观察荷负电气溶胶(下称气溶胶)治疗Ⅱ度烧伤创面的效果。方法选择单纯浅Ⅱ、深Ⅱ度烧伤患者,随机分为:(1)气溶胶组:浅Ⅱ度180例、深Ⅱ度100例,伤后6h~2d开始用气溶胶治疗创面,l~2次/d,1.5h/次。(2)对照组:浅Ⅱ、深Ⅱ度患者各30例,常规治疗。(3)自身对照组:浅Ⅱ、深Ⅱ度患者各10例,同上用气溶胶治疗,但同一患者部分创面覆盖无菌金属片屏蔽气溶胶(屏蔽组),部分创面不屏蔽(非屏蔽组)。观察气溶胶治疗过程中患者创面的大体变化,治疗前后进行创面细菌培养,并监测其肝、肾功能及血生化指标有无改变。记录各组患者创面愈合时间。另制作深Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠模型,同前分为气溶胶组和对照组并治疗。取两组大鼠治疗前及治疗后1、2、3周的创面组织标本,作病理学观察。结果气溶胶治疗后患者创面渗出少,治疗前后均无细菌生长。总体来讲,气溶胶治疗前后患者肝、肾功能及血生化指标无明显改变。气溶胶组患者浅Ⅱ度创面伤后(6.3±1.6)d愈合,深Ⅱ度创面(15.1±3.1)d愈合,明显短于对照组相同深度创面[(11.3±1.4)、(21.2±1.4)d,P<0.01]。自身对照组中,相同烧伤深度的非屏蔽组与屏蔽组比较,创面愈合时间也明显缩短(P<0.01)。病理学检查显示,气溶胶组大鼠治疗后第3周皮肤结构已基本恢复正常,而对照组此时恢复较差。结论气溶胶能有效促进Ⅱ度烧伤创面的愈合且使用安全。