修订H.R神经心理成套测验对白血病患者脑功能的检查

采用修订Ｈ·Ｒ神经心理成套测验对白血病人及健康对照组进行测试。结果表明白血病人连线测验、触摸测验、范畴测验及脑损伤指数等各项结果与正常对照均有显著性差异。提示修订Ｈ·Ｒ神经心理成套测验可作为白血病人脑功能变化的参考指标     

韦里—威斯—彼得斯活动水平评定量表的初步测试

注意缺陷和多动是注意缺陷多动障碍 (ＡＤＨＤ)的两大主要症状[1] 。有关注意障碍已有一些客观评定指标 ,如韦氏测验中的记忆 /注意因子、划销测验、连续操作测验等 ,而关于多动症状的可供使用的评定工具不多[2 ] 。Ｒｏｕｔｈ等人曾于 1974年收集 3～ 9岁儿童 140例 ,编制了韦里 -威斯 -彼得斯活动水平评定量表 (Ｗｅｒｒｙ -Ｗｅｉｓｓ -ＰｅｔｅｒｓＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｙＲａｔｉｎｇＳｃａｌｅ ,ＷＷＰＡＲＳ)。ＷＷＰＡＲＳ是一个父母评定量表 ,它根据儿童在八种场合的活动情况 ,综合评估各年龄儿童的活动水平。国外经临床应用信度和效度较…     

快速神经学甄别测验在学习困难儿童中的应用

快速神经学甄别测验在学习困难儿童中的应用程灶火，姚树桥湖南医科大学我们曾用成套神经心理测验研究了学习困难儿童的神经心理特点，发现学习困难儿童存在多方面的神经心理缺陷［１－２］。成套测验固然全面，但实施操作复杂，时间长，不能作为甄别工具。国外编制了许多...     

儿童期精神分裂症大脑功能一侧化活动特点的初步研究

临床脑损伤、实验神经心理测验、脑电与脑成像的研究资料[1- 3] 表明 ,精神分裂症病人可能存在大脑功能活动一侧化异常。由于病人的症状特点一般到青壮年期才比较稳定 ,因此 ,以上研究主要以成人患者为被试。然而 ,此病也可能出现在青春期之前 ,临床以个性改变、特征性思维障碍、感知觉异常、情感与环境不协调、孤独性表现为主要特征 ,这种精神障碍称为儿童期精神分裂症 (childhoodonsetschizophrenia) [4 ] ,其大脑功能一侧化活动特点在近期引起了研究者的关注。尽管Qie等[5] 采用辅音 -元音音节材料进行分听测验没有发现其脑功能一侧化异…     

HR神经心理成套测验少儿版的修订和应用

本研究对 H.R 神经心理成套测验少儿版进行了修订,按年龄性别分层测查了1068名9—14岁少儿,检验了测验的信度和效度,制定了按年龄分组的城市儿童常模,并进行了正常儿童与病儿的比较研究,结果提示此测验有助于发现儿童心理功能的特点和差异,能用于临床辅助诊断、康复和学习指导。     

第30期 临床高级心理测量师全国培训班通知

正项目编号2017-03-09-053(国)随着临床对心理测验需求快速增加,培养高级心理测量人才成为各医院的普遍要求。培训班由邹义壮教授主讲心理测验的最新进展和临床应用。包括MMPI计算机解释诊断专家系统(心理CT)、神经认知功能测验系统(脑功能CT)、前瞻性记忆测验(PMB)、精神分裂症认知功能成套测验(MCCB)、基于操作的技能测验(UPSA)、情绪智力测验(MS-     

第30期临床高级心理测量师全国培训班通知

正项目编号2017-03-09-053(国)随着临床对心理测验需求快速增加,培养高级心理测量人才成为各医院的普遍要求。培训班由邹义壮教授主讲心理测验的最新进展和临床应用。包括MMPI计算机解释诊断专家系统(心理CT)、神经认知功能测验系统(脑功能CT)、前瞻性记忆测验(PMB)、精神分裂症认知功能成套测验(MCCB)、基于操作的技能测验(UPSA)、情绪智力测验(MS-     

龚氏非文字智力量表汉族城市与农村儿童测验结果的比较

龚氏非文字智力量表原是为克服我国少数民族因测验时言语不通等困难而编制的一套跨文化智力量表[1] 。后又发展了城市汉族和懂汉语的部分其他民族儿童的常模[1- 2 ] ,但尚未制定全国性大样本的农村汉族儿童常模。本研究采用此量表对农村汉族8～ 12岁儿童的一个小样本进行测试 ,目的是编制一个区域性小样本的农村儿童常模 ,比较该测验在汉族城、乡儿童中应用的结果差异 ,在暂无该测验的农村常模而需要用该测验测试农村儿童智力时可供参考。本文总结了汉族城乡儿童在该测验结果中因文化背景不同的差异。1　对象和方法1.1　研究对象1.1.1　农村…     

老年轻度认知功能损害的认知缺损特点研究

目的 :用成套神经心理测验评价老年轻度认知功能损害的认知特点。方法 :为横断面比较研究。研究对象分为有轻度认知功能损害的老年人 (MCI组 )和认知功能正常的老年人 (对照组 ,NC组 )两组。以世界卫生组织老年认知功能评价成套神经心理测验 (WHO -BCAI)为主要研究工具。结果 :MCI入组 4 3例 ,NC组 5 0例。两组对象的简明智力状态检查 (MMSE)的平均总分为 :MCI组 2 4 .2± 2 .3分 ,NC组 2 7.8± 1.9分 ;韦氏记忆测验的记忆商(MQ)为 :MCI组 6 7.8± 12 .5 ,NC组 94 .8± 9.5。WHO -BCAI测验结果显示 ,两组间听觉词汇学习测验中 6项 ,语言能力测验的命名回忆测验、词汇流畅性测验、小标记测验 ,视觉材料测验的语义联系和推理测验 ,连线测验 ,注销测验中 4项 ,运动测验和空间结构测验的差异分别具有显著性或极显著性 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。逐步判别分析显示 ,词汇学习测验、连线测验、词汇流畅性测验、延迟回忆测验和空间结构测验具有显著性判别意义 ,判别的总正确率为 83.9%。结论 :神经心理测验可以比较敏感地区分MCI和NC ,有助于阿尔茨海默病的早期诊断     

痴呆的早期神经心理学诊断及鉴别诊断

神经心理学很有助于痴呆的诊断。认知缺陷能在痴呆的临床诊断之前数年即被察觉[1] 。神经心理评估在痴呆早期有两个目的 :( 1)揭示无记忆方面主诉的记忆障碍 ;( 2 )揭示在认知神经心理学背景上的记忆障碍的特征 ,使其他认知及非认知功能与记忆障碍结合成一明白的综合征。1　痴呆诊断中的神经心理学工具1 .1　综合性工具 :痴呆的全面评估各种简明认知测验可评价在痴呆中典型受损的不同认知功能。这类测验的主要问题是敏感度不一致 ,随年龄 ,教育 ,社会等级及生活处境的不同而异[2 ] 。简明智力状况检查 (Ｍｉｎｉ -ＭｅｎｔａｌＳｔａｔｅＥ…     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.