微量白蛋白尿能预报高血压病的心肾血管并发症吗?

微量白蛋白尿 (尿白蛋白排泄率 >30 0ｍｇ/ 2 4ｈ)不仅见于早期的 1型和 2型糖尿病肾病 ,也见于非糖尿病疾病及原发性高血压。在糖尿病 (特别是 1型糖尿病 )肾病早期诊断中检测微量白蛋白尿具有肯定价值 ,还可预测 1型及 2型糖尿病患者心血管合并症的发生及其死亡率。那么检测尿白蛋白排泄率 ,对于原发性高血压患者的心血管合并症及肾脏损害是否也有预报及早期诊断价值呢[1] ?1　微量白蛋白尿的产生机制在高血压病患者 ,微量白蛋白尿检测的阳性率到底有多少 ?1996年Ａｇｒａｗａｌ等[2 ] 对 11343例非糖尿病高血压患者的尿白蛋白排泄进行了…     

糖尿病合并高血压病患者早期肾损害与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

微量白蛋白尿是糖尿病、高血压肾损害的早期表现;胰岛素抵抗是糖尿病、高血压病共同的病理生理基础,糖尿病合并高血压病时胰岛素抵抗增强.近期,我们对102例糖尿病合并高血压病患者早期肾损害与胰岛素抵抗的相关性进行了分析,现报告如下.     

降低血浆内皮素1对高血压病患者早期肾损害的影响

为观察普罗布考降低血浆内皮素 1对高血压病患者早期肾损害的影响 ,将 12 0例高血压病患者随机分为高血压对照组和抗氧化治疗组 ,分别予长效心痛定、长效心痛定加普罗布考治疗 12周。另设正常对照组。比较治疗前后血脂、内皮素 1、血、尿 β2 微球蛋白及尿微量白蛋白的变化。结果发现 ,高血压病患者存在内皮功能和早期肾功能损害 ;降压治疗后 ,内皮素 1、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、血、尿 β2 微球蛋白及尿微量白蛋白明显下降 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而抗氧化治疗组上述指标下降更明显 (P <0 .0 1)。抗氧化治疗较单纯降压治疗更能改善血管内皮功能 ,逆转高血压病患者的早期肾损害 ,提示内皮功能损害可能参与了高血压病患者的肾损害。     

缬沙坦治疗高血压合并糖调节受损患者早期肾损害的短期临床疗效

目的 探讨原发性高血压合并糖调节受损（IGR）患者早期肾损害的情况与缬沙坦的短期干预效果.方法 顺序纳入275例高血压合并IGR的患者测定尿微量蛋白,对高血压合并IGR早期肾损害患者,使用缬沙坦80 mg/d治疗8周,治疗前后分别测定尿微量蛋白[尿白蛋白（Alb）、微量白蛋白尿排泄率（UAER）].结果 共筛查275例高血压合并IGR患者,有189例存在早期肾损害（68.73％）,男女患病率分别为25.45％、43.27％,女性较男性高（x2=9.573,P=0.00）.高血压合并IGR伴早期肾损害189例患者在缬沙坦治疗8周后收缩压、舒张压及脉压均有明显下降（均为P＜0.05）;虽然空腹血糖无明显变化,但可以显著降低餐后2h血糖水平（P＜0.01）,微量白蛋白尿也显著降低.结论 高血压合并IGR的患者存在早期肾损害者较多.缬沙坦在控制血压的同时,具有改善糖代谢异常,降低微量蛋白尿的作用.     

两种尿微量蛋白对高血压早期肾损害的诊断价值

高血压病并发肾损害发病率为42％,是致死、致残的主要原因之一,已成为终末期肾脏病的重要原因,占透析与肾移植患者的1／3。高血压病肾损害的早期诊治对预后极为重要。本文探讨尿微量白蛋白（Alb）、α1-微球蛋白（α1-MG）测定对高血压病肾损害的早期诊断价值。     

导读

老年原发性高血压微量白蛋白尿与血管内皮功能及颈总动脉粥样硬化(谢秀梅等P.94)微量白蛋白尿(MAU)是高血压病人靶器官损害和预后的良好指标。谢秀梅医师观察MAU与血管结构及内皮功能(FMD)的关系,观察到老年高血压病人有血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍,MAU越严重,FMD损害也越严重。MAU与颈动脉的中内层厚度(I MT)也密切相关。炎性因素对A型行为高血压患者早期肾脏损害的影响(李令华等P.102)李令华医师探讨A型行为高血压患者的早期肾损害,发现较之非A型行为的高血压病人肾损害严重,血中炎症指标(CRP,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α)也较高,…     

血、尿微量蛋白联合检测对高血压病肾损害早期诊断的意义

血、尿微量蛋白联合检测早期诊断高血压病肾损害已较广泛用于临床。近年来,我们采用放射免疫法(RIA)对94例尿常规阴性的高血压病患者进行了血、尿β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)、尿微量白蛋白(Alb)联合检测,以评价其对高血压病肾损害早期诊断的临床价值。     

李平教授中西医结合论治高血压伴微量白蛋白尿经验举隅

高血压是一种与遗传、环境有关,可导致心脑肾及周围血管、眼底等靶器官病理损害并引起功能障碍的常见心血管疾病之一。肾脏是高血压常波及的靶器官之一,而微量白蛋白尿是肾损害早期的敏感指标之一,若不及早干预治疗,可能发展为肾损伤,甚至可发展为氮质血症、肾功能衰竭。西医治疗对尿微量白蛋白不重视,且多以控制血压为主;但对血压正常后仍有尿微量白蛋白病人,很少干预治疗。李平教授从中医辨证论治角度,临床治疗高血压伴尿微量白蛋白取得明显临床疗效,为尿微量白蛋白及早治疗提供有效经验。     

高血压早期肾损害相关检测指标

高血压肾损害早期,血清尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）并不升高,因此不能在早期反映肾脏损害情况,通过检测某些敏感指标早期发现肾损害对高血压肾损害的治疗和预后的判断有重要的意义。尿微量白蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白、N-乙酰β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、视黄醇结合蛋白、尿α1-微球蛋白、尿转铁蛋白、尿β2-微球蛋白可以作为高血压早期肾损害诊断的敏感指标。     

老年高血压病血小板聚集率和胱抑素C关系的研究

目的：探讨老年高血压病患者血小板聚集率（PAR）和胱抑素C（cys-C）的关系,为临床早期诊断高血压所致的肾损伤提供依据。方法：老年高血压病患者70例,按照尿微量白蛋白是否正常分为A1组（高血压尿微量白蛋白正常组,35例）;A2组（高血压病尿微量白蛋白异常组,35例）,另设正常对照组35例,均于入院第3d抽血测PAR、cys—C含量,并行组间比较。结果：A1组的PAR（25．6±2．6）％、cys—C（1．25±0．40）mg／L明显高于正常对照组[（9．2±2．1）％、（0．48±0．25）mg／L],P〈0．01。A2组的PAR（48．1±10．3）％、cys—C（1,92±0．96）mg／L又较A1组明显升高。P〈0．01。高血压病患者PAR与cys—C呈正相关（r＝0．653,P〈0．01）。结论：高血压早期即有血小板聚集率、胱抑素C水平升高,发生。肾脏损害时两者升高更为明显,二者呈正相关,且能较尿微量白蛋白更早反应高血压病所致的肾损害。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

Pulmonary sporotrichosis in Oklahoma in susceptibilities in vitro

Six cases of pulmonary sporotichosis were observed in 2 institutions in Oklahoma City, Okla. Three of the patients were treated with iodides with or without surgery. Although one patient required a second course of iodides, the patients have remained well after at least 34 months of follow-up. Three patients treated with amphotericin B, single course as well as multiple courses, and other antifungal agents (hydroxystilbamidine and miconazole) have all relapsed. These cases and a reviewed of more than 40 cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii that we observed in vitro suggest that amphotericin B is not an effective agent for the treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis. It is our opinion that the treatment of choice for pulmonary sporotrichosis is a supersaturated solution of potassium iodide. If the patient is allergic to the medication or fails to respond, then a combination of amphotericin B plus flucytosine may be tried.     

Differences in outcome in primary angioplasty in women.

BACKGROUND: In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has proved to be the best therapeutic approach. Several factors have been associated with worse outcome in AMI in females. Are there differences in outcome in women undergoing PTCA for AMI? AIM: To evaluate gender influence on clinical outcome and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI who undergo primary percutaneous interventions. METHODS: We studied 245 consecutive patients (72 women, 29.4 %), who underwent primary PTCA between January 2000 and December 2001. The following parameters were analyzed: risk factors for coronary artery disease including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and family history, previous AMI, PTCA or angina, pain-to-balloon time, extent of coronary disease and outcome. RESULTS: Female patients were older (67.9+/-11.6 vs. 59.6+/-13; p < 0.001) with a higher prevalence of hypertension (65.3 % vs. 47.4 %; p < 0.05) and angina (29.0 % vs. 16.0 %; p < 0.05) and lower prevalence of smoking (27.8 % vs. 54.3 %; p < 0.001). Pain-to-balloon time was longer in women (6.8+/-4.1 vs. 5.4+/-3.7 hours; p < 0.05). Extent of coronary disease was similar in both groups. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 84.7 % of women and 90.8 % of men. The frequency of hemorrhagic complications (5.6 % vs. 5.2 %) and arrhythmias (15.3 % vs. 10.4%) and in-hospital mortality (9.7 6.4 %) were higher in females, although without statistical significance (p = NS). Hospitalization time was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the growing awareness of a gender bias in therapeutic approaches to AMI, there are still some differences in outcome, with a trend towards higher mortality rates in women. Older age and longer pain-to-balloon time could account for this.