Gastrointestinal activity following bone marrow scintigraphy with technetium-99m nanocolloid in patients with multiple myeloma

Unexpected abdominal activity was registered later than 1 h post injection in technetium-99m bone marrow scintigrams of 13 multiple myeloma patients and of five controls. The activity was considered to be localised in the gastro-intestinal tract. It is attributed to accumulation of degradation products of the used nanocolloid tracer. Corresponding results are known in patients with inflammatory bowel disease when scintigraphy is performed with other radiopharmaceuticals.     

Radionuclide imaging of bone marrow metastases with a Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibody to small cell lung carcinoma.

The detection of metastatic disease confined to the bone marrow compartment has in the past been technically limited. We have identified excellent imaging of bone marrow metastases during the evaluation of a Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibody (NR-LU-10 Fab) (NeoRx Corp., Seattle, WA). This occurred during a study to assess the monoclonal antibody's ability to detect sites of small cell cancer (primary and metastatic). The study by design compares areas seen by the monoclonal antibody scan with those found by standard staging methods in patients with small cell lung cancer. Standard staging included chest x-rays, bone scans, CT studies of the abdomen, and histologic examination of the bone marrow. Fifteen patients have been evaluated, four on two occasions, for a total of 19 monoclonal imaging studies. Metastasis to the marrow compartment was identified by the monoclonal imaging in all patients whose bone marrow biopsies were positive for small cell carcinoma, and it was primarily responsible for the eventual detection of extensive disease (marrow involvement) in one patient. Thus it appears that compartmental bone marrow imaging for metastatic disease is possible with immunoscintigraphy.     

Tc-99m MIBI SPECT in prediction of prognosis in patients with small cell lung cancer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the degree of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) uptake and its retention in delayed imaging in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was correlated with the response to multiagent chemotherapy and to investigate if there was a relationship between the survival time of patients with SCLC and Tc-99m MIBI SPECT tumor uptake parameters at the time of diagnosis. METHODS: Between 1998 and by December 2004, 40 patients with SCLC were studied with Tc-99m MIBI SPECT at the time of diagnosis. The patients were classified by a follow-up CT as good responders (complete or partial remission) and poor responders (stable disease or progressive disease). Following i.v. administration of 740 MBq Tc-99m MIBI, SPECT imaging at 30 minutes (early) and 2 hours (delayed) was performed. Regions of interests were placed over the tumors and contralateral normal lung tissue on one transverse section. The uptake ratio of the lesion to that in the contralateral normal lung was obtained from early images (early ratio; ER) as well as delayed images (delayed ratio; DR). The retention index (RI%) was measured as: RI% = [(DR-ER)/ER] x 100. Tc-99m MIBI tumor uptake parameters were compared with chemotherapeutic response and survival time. RESULTS: Of 40 patients, 29 patients were good responders (72.5%) and 11 patients were poor responders (27.5%). RI% of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT in the group of good response was significantly higher than in that with poor response (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to ER or DR values. Four of 40 patients were still alive with disease (10%). The patient survival time varied from 1 to 70 months (mean survival time = 12.9 +/- 13.4 months). There was no significant difference between the survival time of patients with respect to ER or DR of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT imaging. When median RI% was accepted as a cut-off value (-3.85%), patients with higher RI% values had a longer survival time (12 months) when compared with those with low RI% (8 months), p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Tc-99m MIBI SPECT could accurately predict the chemotherapy response in patients with SCLC. RI% of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT is recommended to differentiate patients with a poor response to chemotherapy and good responders, and RI% of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT appears as the only parameter that may be useful in predicting the survival of patients with SCLC.     

Comparison of diagnostic ability between 99mTc-MDP bone scan and 18F-FDG PET/CT for bone metastasis in patients with small cell lung cancer

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic ability of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with that of ^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (^99mTc-MDP) bone scan for bone metastasis in staging patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods

Ninety-five patients with SCLC who underwent both ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ^99mTc-MDP bone scan for initial staging work-up were retrospectively enrolled. All ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and bone scan images were visually assessed. Bone metastasis was confirmed by histopathological results and all available clinical information.

Results

Of 95 patients with SCLC, metastatic bone lesions were found in 30 patients, and 84 metastatic lesions were evaluated on a lesion-basis analysis. The sensitivity of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was 100?% on a per-patient basis and 87?% on a per-lesion basis, and there was no false-positive lesion on PET/CT images. In contrast, the sensitivity of the bone scan was 37?% on a per-patient basis and 29?% on a per-lesion basis. The bone scan showed 11 false-positive lesions. The bone scan detected two metastatic lesions that were not detected by PET/CT, which were outside the region scanned by PET/CT. On follow-up bone scan, 21 lesions that were not detected by the initial bone scan but were detected by PET/CT were newly detected.

Conclusions

In patients with SCLC, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT showed higher detection rate of bone metastasis than ^99mTc-MDP bone scan. Thus, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can replace bone scan in staging patients with SCLC.     

99Tc(m) nanocolloid scintigraphy: a reliable way to detect active joint disease in patients with peripheral joint pain

We evaluated 99Tc(m) nanocolloid (NC) scintigraphy as a method for identifying patients with active joint disease in a group with peripheral joint pain of varying aetiology. Fifty-nine patients with peripheral joint pain were divided into two groups: those with clinical signs of active joint inflammation and those without objective signs. Thirty-four patients clinically diagnosed as having active joint disease had a total of 117 joints (95 large and 22 small) involved. 99Tc(m) NC identified 96 (79 large and 17 small) of these joints. Twenty-five patients were negative clinically. Twenty-two of these were scan negative. The other three had a total of 11 scan positive joints. The correlation coefficient between clinical and scan findings was 0.79. There was no significant difference shown between clinical evaluation and scintigraphy (z=-1.64, P = 0.1004). 99Tc(m) NC proved to be an effective method for identifying patients with active peripheral joint disease from among a group with arthralgia.     

99Tcm-MIBI显像对乳腺癌腋窝转移淋巴结的诊断

目的 评价＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）显像要诊断乳腺癌腋窝转移淋巴结中的价值,方法 １８例病理检查证实的乳腺癌病人,术前均行＾９９Ｔｃｍ－ＭＩＢＩ显像,１４例乳腺未触及肿块者作为对照组,静脉注射＾９９Ｔｃ＾ｍ－ＭＩＢＩ１１０ＭＢｑ后５,３０和６０ｍｉｎ进行早期及延迟显像,分别于左侧位,右侧位和前后位进行观察,患者均在显像扣１周内进行手术治疗,腋窝淋巴结清扫后行病理检查。结果 １８例     

Bone marrow scintigraphy with 99m Tc labelled monoclonal anti-NCA 90 Fab' fragment: a feasibility study and comparison of bone marrow uptake with 99m Tc labelled monoclonal anti-NCA 95 antigranulocyte antibody

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of 99mTc labelled monoclonal anti-NCA 90 antigranulocyte antibody Fab' fragment (MN3 Fab') as a bone marrow imaging agent. One hundred and ten planar scans (88 patients) of the lumbar and sacroiliac regions as well as whole-body scans were performed after 1, 5 and 24 h. All the scans were evaluated visually and bone marrow uptake was determined semiquantitatively as count density ratio from sacroiliac-minus-background to background area. Results were compared to 50 age-matched patients with normal bone marrow scans obtained with the intact 99mTc labelled monoclonal anti-NCA 95 antigranulocyte antibody (BW 250/183) in a previous study. Seventy-three patients showed a physiological activity distribution in the central bone marrow. Ten patients showed a bone marrow extension, while in two patients central bone marrow depression was observed. Evaluation of the ribs, lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine was hampered by soft-tissue activity. Bone marrow uptake was 1.36+/-0.56 after 1 h, decreased thereafter and was significantly lower than that of BW 250/183 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, MN3 Fab' cannot be recommended for bone marrow scintigraphy, because relevant parts of the haemopoietically active bone marrow are not accessible to visual evaluation. A significant role of the semiquantitative evaluation of MN3 Fab' bone marrow uptake in patients with potential marrow depression seems unlikely.     

^99mTc甲状腺功能显像定量分析诊断甲亢价值的探讨

目的：探讨９９ｍＴｃ甲状腺功能显像对诊断甲亢的临床价值。材料和方法：以５ｍｉｎ摄锝曲线形态，２０ｍｉｎ摄锝率及Ｔ３抑制试验等标准评定５７例甲亢患者和４９例非甲亢患者的９９ｍＴｃ甲状腺显像，并与１１９例健康者的结果对照。结果：诊断甲亢的准确率为９６．２％；灵敏度为１００％；特异性为９１．８％。结论：９９ｍＴｃ甲状腺功能显像是诊断甲亢的一种快速，受干扰少，准确性高的方法。     

透明质酸与骨形态发生蛋白在非小细胞肺癌骨转移中的应用价值观察

目的观察分析透明质酸(HA)与骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)在非小细胞肺癌骨转移中的应用价值。方法随机选取我院收治的59例非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者,同时选取60例非小细胞肺癌患者作为对照组,通过γ免疫计数器放射免疫方法检测HA和BMP通过放射免疫方法检测,骨转移的诊断及随访通过SPECT以及其他影像方法或随访获得。结果非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者血清HA>48 ng/ml(97%)明显高于对照组非小细胞肺癌未发生骨转移患者(8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者血清BMP2、4、5、6检测值均明显高于对照组非小细胞肺癌未发生骨转移患者BMP2、4、5、6检测值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HA及BMP预测非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者预后效果,方法较为简单,前期投入并不昂贵,患者检测的成本较低,适用于广大基层医院对非小细胞肺癌患者骨转移的诊治和监测的工作,具有推广和应用价值。     

甲状腺摄取~(99m)Tc功能与甲状腺激素水平测定在甲状腺炎临床诊断中的联合应用

目的　探讨甲状腺功能显像获得的摄锝率与甲状腺轴激素水平变化测定在甲状腺炎诊断中联合应用的价值。材料与方法　对 10 3例临床怀疑为甲状腺炎的患者进行99mTc甲状腺功能显像和甲状腺轴激素水平变化的测定。结果　诊断甲状腺炎的灵敏度为 88.1% ,特异性为 85 .2 %。结论　99mTc甲状腺功能显像的摄锝率与甲状腺轴激素变化水平测定值出现矛盾现象时 ,应高度怀疑甲状腺炎的可能。     

99Tcm-MDP骨显像在肺癌骨转移疗效观察中的应用

目的：应用99Tcm-MDP骨显像对肺癌骨转移患者的治疗效果进行分析，观察其疗效差异。方法：对178例肺癌患者，在系统治疗前均行99Tcm亚甲基二膦酸盐（99Tcm-MDP）全身骨显像；85例骨显像阳性患者，单纯放疗40例。综合治疗（放疗同期化疗）45例，在治疗后2月复查骨显像．用统计学方法分析显像结果，对肺癌骨转移的治疗效果进行评价。结果：①单纯放疗组完全缓解（CR）5例，部分缓解（PR）12例，有效率（CR＋PR）为42．5％；综合治疗组分别为7例。17例，53．3％。两组比较有效牢无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。②综合治疗组中腺癌骨转移病灶有效率45%（9／20）；小细胞癌为80％（12／15）；鳞癌则为30％（3／10）。三种病理类型肺癌骨转移灶综合治疗的有效率差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。其中小细胞癌较腺癌、鳞癌骨转移灶疗效好（P均〈0．05）。③接受综合治疗的患者骨显像共有近期疗效可评价者258个病灶，其中胸部、脊椎、骨盆、四肢和颅骨分别为145个（56．20％）。57个（22．09％），34个（13．18％）。22个（8．53％）。复查骨显像有效率分别为65．52％（95／145）、63．16％（36／57）、58．82％（20／34）、54．55％（12／22），无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：单纯放疗和放化疗联合均可有效治疗骨转移。不同病理类型患者应用综合治疗后效果有差异．而不同部位之问疗效无差异。应用99Tcm-MDP骨显像可对肺癌骨转移疗效进行较好观察。     

Increased lung uptake on technetium-99m-sulfur colloid liver-spleen scans in patients with hepatic venoocclusive disease following bone marrow transplantation

Three patients who developed signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction following autologous bone marrow transplantation showed varying degrees of increased lung uptake on technetium-99m-sulfur colloid (99mTc-SC) liver-spleen-scans and were subsequently demonstrated to have hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD) at autopsy. Although increased lung uptake of labeled colloid has been noted in solid organ and bone marrow transplant patients, an association between this phenomenon and VOD has not been previously reported.     

99mTc-MIBI SPECT in small cell lung cancer patients before chemotherapy and after unresponsive chemotherapy

We evaluated the accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI in small cell lung cancer patients before chemotherapy and after unresponsive chemotherapy. The pre-chemotherapeutic group included 22 newly diagnosed patients. These patients underwent a 99mTc-MIBI SPECT study before starting chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, based on changes in tumor size, three different patterns of response (complete remission: CR, partial remission: PR and no change: NC) were defined. The post-chemotherapeutic group included 11 patients after chemotherapy who did not respond to chemotherapy. These patients underwent a 99mTc-MIBI SPECT study after completion of chemotherapy. SPECT images were acquired 15 min (early) and 2 hr (delayed) after injection of 99mTc-MIBI. With a region of interest technique, the early ratio, delayed ratio and retention index were calculated. Early and delayed ratios in pre-chemotherapeutic patients were significantly higher than those in post-chemotherapeutic patients. There were no significant differences between the pre-chemotherapeutic and post-chemotherapeutic patients in the retention index. In the pre-chemotherapeutic patients, early and delayed ratios for the CR and PR groups were significantly higher than those for the NC group. There were no significant differences in the retention index with respect to the tumor response. 99mTc-MIBI might be useful for evaluating the tumor chemosensitivity in patients with small cell lung cancer.     

Experimental evaluations of ther preferential use of Tc99m and In113m in hepatic scintiscanning

A hollow perspex dummy was filled with radioactive fluid to simulate the liver, cold nodes being represented by paraffin balls of diameter varying from 2.5 to 4.0 cm, variously located. Scans were carried out with a linear scanner using 99mTc and 113mIn as tracers. Advantages and drawbacks of the two tracers in demonstrating cold areas in the liver are compared and discussed.     

Risk factors for brain metastasis in patients with small cell lung cancer without prophylactic cranial irradiation

Background

This study aimed to determine the risk factors for brain metastasis (BM) and the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with small cell lung cancer without prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).

Patients and methods

Limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients achieving a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) were enrolled into this study between January 2010 and December 2016. We retrospectively evaluated the influencing factors for time to BM and overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 153 patients were enrolled into this study. Sixty-eight developed BM during the follow-up period. For the whole cohort, the 1? and 2?year BM rates were 29.4 and 41.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage (hazard ratio [HR]?=?2.27, P?=?0.024), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; HR?=?2.07, P?=?0.029), time to thoracic radiotherapy (HR?=?0.34, P?=?0.002) and chemotherapy cycles (HR?=?0.49, P?=?0.036) were the independent influencing factors of time to BM. Only NLR (HR?=?2.11, P?=?0.005) and time to thoracic radiotherapy (HR?=?1.95, P?=?0.011) were independent prognostic factors of OS. Of the 68 patients developing BM, those with BM occurring as the first relapse (42/68) had better OS than the others (39.5 months vs 23.0 months, P?=?0.016).

Conclusion

LS-SCLC patients without PCI had a high risk of BM. High T stage, high NLR, early thoracic radiotherapy and fewer chemotherapy cycles were the risk factors of BM. Further research is needed to confirm the results.

     

To predict response chemotherapy using technetium-99m tetrofosmin chest images in patients with untreated small cell lung cancer and compare with p-glycoprotein,multidrug resistance related protein-1, and lung resistance-related protein expression

Our preliminary studies found technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc- TF) chest imaging was related to Pgp or MRP1 expression and successfully predict chemotherapy response and in SCLC in human. However, there was no published literature to study relationship of Tc-TF chest images and LRP expression in SCLC patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among Tc- TF accumulation in untreated small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance related protein-1 (MRP1), and lung resistance-related protein (LRP), as well as the response to chemotherapy in patients with untreated SCLC. Thirty patients with SCLC were studied with chest images 15 to 30 minutes after intravenous injection of Tc-TF before chemotherapeutic induction. Tumor-to-background (T/B) ratios were obtained on the static and plantar Tc-TF chest images. The response to chemotherapy was evaluated upon completion of chemotherapy by clinical and radiological methods. These patients were separated into 15 patients with good response and 15 patients with poor response. No significant differences of prognostic factors (Karnofsky performance status, tumor size, or tumor stage) were found between the patients with good and poor responses. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on multiple nonconsecutive sections of biopsy specimens to detect Pgp, MRP1, and LRP expression. The difference in T/B ratios on the Tc-TF chest images of the patients with good versus poor response was significant. The differences in T/B ratios of the patients with positive versus negative Pgp expression and with positive versus negative MRP1 expression were significant. The difference in T/B ratios of the patients with positive versus negative LRP expression was not significant. We concluded that Tc-TF chest images could accurately predict chemotherapy response of patients with SCLC. In addition, The Tc-TF tumor uptake was related to Pgp or MRP1 but not LPR expression in SCLC.