Morphology of Mitral Annular Disjunction in Mitral Valve Prolapse

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Mitral Annular Disjunction of Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation: Three-Dimensional Evaluation and Implications for Mitral Repair

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二尖瓣修复技术治疗非缺血性二尖瓣返流的临床效果

  目的  总结二尖瓣修复技术用于治疗非缺血性二尖瓣返流的临床效果。  方法  回顾分析北京协和医院2001年1月至2012年12月行二尖瓣成形术的连续104例非缺血性二尖瓣返流患者的临床资料。其中男性58例, 女性46例, 平均年龄(45.3±16.8)岁(9~77岁), 均在体外循环下择期行二尖瓣成形术, 采取适当方法修复瓣叶, 并放置相应型号的人工瓣环。  结果  术中修复成功率96.2%(100/104)。术后1例患者死于多器官功能衰竭, 死亡率0.96%。1例患者手术后发生肾功能衰竭需要短暂肾替代治疗。中位随访时间46个月(8~141个月), 失访8例。随访期间1例患者死于肿瘤, 二尖瓣返流复发加重3例, 其中2例再次手术行二尖瓣置换。免于二尖瓣返流率为96.7%(88/91), 免于再次手术率为97.8%(89/91)。  结论  二尖瓣成形术应作为治疗非缺血性二尖瓣返流的首选术式。采取适当的修复技术, 可以获得满意的近远期效果。     

Natural History of Mitral Annular Calcification and Calcific Mitral Valve Disease

Progression to severe MAC and CMVD according to MAC severity and sex.

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二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全临床分析

目的总结68例二尖瓣成形术的临床经验,评估其术后临床效果。方法回顾分析2001年12月-2011年12月进行二尖瓣成形术治疗的68例二尖瓣关闭不全患者的临床资料。成形术的方法为:人工瓣环植入、双孔成形、后瓣矩形切除、赘生物切除及心包补片修复、腱索转移等。术中采用注水实验和经食管超声心动图检查评估成形效果。结果 68例患者中手术死亡2例,二次开胸止血1例,肺部感染3例。全部患者术中注水实验和食管超声心动图检查显示成形效果满意。存活66例患者随访6个月,术后10 d、6个月彩色多普勒超声心动图检查:左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径缩小。术后6个月彩色多普勒超声心动图检查:无或微量反流33例,轻度反流27例,轻～中度反流5例,中度反流1例。结论根据二尖瓣关闭不全的特征,选择相应的二尖瓣成形技术,可以取的较好的临床效果。     

Mitral valve prolapse

Introduction: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common valve pathology with a spectrum of disease from isolated prolapse to myxomatous, multi-scallop Barlow’s disease. The main complications relate to progression of mitral regurgitation, endocarditis, sudden death, and stroke. The timing of intervention in patients with asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation is controversial.

Areas covered: This article reviews the pathophysiology, genetics, clinical features, diagnostic imaging, complications, long-term outcomes, and indications for intervention in MVP.

Expert commentary: Several key dilemmas in the management of MVP remain. Factors which influence progression of mitral regurgitation are unclear and therefore, we have no therapeutic targets to prevent progression. Evidence-based methods to reduce the risk of sudden death, stroke, and endocarditis have not been identified. In symptomatic patients with severe mitral regurgitation valve surgery is recommended. In asymptomatic patients, careful risk stratification incorporating markers of left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, and valve reparability is required to identify the optimal timing of intervention.     

Mitral annulus calcification

A 67-year-old woman had aortic and mitral annulus calcification resulting in severe stenosis and incompetence of the valves. Mitral annulus calcification produces specific echocardiographic abnormalities which may forewarn of technical difficulties during surgery.     

Mitral valve repair

Diseases that affect the mitral valve include mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, rheumatic heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. The results of diagnostic procedures are used to identify and confirm mitral valve disease, evaluate the patient's anatomy, and determine the severity of the disease. After the patient is prepared for surgery, the surgeon performs an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram and the patient is placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. A repair procedure (eg, annuloplasty, slidingplasty, chordal repair/transfer/replacement, valve replacement) is performed depending on the patient's specific anatomical abnormalities.