经会阴直肠乙状结肠部分切除术治疗直肠脱垂临床研究

目的评价成人完全型直肠脱垂采用经会阴直肠乙状结肠部分切除术治疗直肠脱垂临床效果。方法对我科2006～2011年23例确诊为成人完全型直肠脱垂的患者采用经会阴直肠乙状结肠部分切除术治疗,收集临床资料做回顾性分析。结果 23例患者治疗效果满意,术后平均住院时间5d。术后随访8～48个月(平均36个月),20例无复发,3例轻度复发。结论采用经会阴直肠乙状结肠部分切除术治疗直肠脱垂临床效果比较满意。     

Emergency Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy for Gangrenous Rectal Prolapse: a Single-Centre Experience with Review of Literature

Recurrent and chronic rectal prolapse might lead to irreducibility and ultimately gangrene of the rectum if neglected. Gangrenous rectal prolapse is a surgical emergency and needs urgent surgical management. In view of irreducibility and gangrenous bowel, it is not advisable to attempt manual reduction of rectal prolapse. The only safe option that remains is perineal rectosigmoidectomy (Altemeier’s operation). Here, we present our experience of five such cases operated in our institute from 2000 to 2015 with available literature review.     

改良粘膜折叠和肛管缩窄术治疗直肠粘膜脱垂(附38例报告)

目的 探讨采用改良粘膜折叠和肛管缩窄术(Gant-Miwa)治疗直肠粘膜脱垂的疗效。方法回顾性分析1998～2000年收治的38例直肠粘膜脱垂患，均行改良Gant-Miwa术。结果37例一次治愈，1例二次手术后痊愈，治愈率100％。随访1～2年，无后遗症。结论改良Gant-Miwa术式简单，疗效可靠，复发率低，无明显并发症，是一种有效的临床术式。     

Comparison of Perineal Operations with Abdominal Operations for Full-Thickness Rectal Prolapse

Background  

We can divide surgery for rectal prolapse into two broad categories: abdominal and perineal. However, few studies compare the long-term outcomes and quality of life among operations for full-thickness rectal prolapse. The purpose of this study was to compare abdominal (AO) versus perineal (PO) procedures for the treatment of full-thickness rectal prolapse regarding recurrence rate, incontinence, constipation, and quality of life.     

Recurrence and Quality of Life Following Perineal Proctectomy for Rectal Prolapse

Background  Surgical outcome and quality of life (QOL) following perineal proctectomy for rectal prolapse remain poorly documented. Methods  From 1994 to 2004, patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse were treated exclusively with perineal proctectomy independent of age or comorbidities. Subjective patient assessments and recurrences were determined retrospectively from hospital and clinic records. Consenting patients completed the gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI). Results  Perineal proctectomy was performed in 103 consecutive patients with a median age of 75 years (range 30–94). Most patients underwent concurrent levatorplasty (anterior 85.8%, posterior 67.9%). Durable results were obtained in all patients; the recurrence rate was 8.5% over a mean follow-up of 36 months. Preoperatively, 75.5% of patients reported fecal incontinence, and 32.1% had obstructed defecation. Incontinence significantly improved post-proctectomy (41.5%, p < 0.001), as did constipation (10.4%, p < 0.001). GIQLI respondents reported satisfaction following proctectomy with 63% scoring within one standard deviation of healthy controls. Patients with recurrent prolapse reported a lower QOL. Risk factors for recurrence included duration of prolapse, need for posterior levatorplasty, and prior anorectal surgery. Conclusions  Perineal proctectomy provides significant relief from fecal incontinence and obstructive symptoms caused by rectal prolapse, with an acceptable recurrence rate and low morbidity. This study was supported exclusively using institutional funding.     

痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术治疗直肠广基息肉的临床探讨

目的:探讨痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术(PPH)治疗直肠广基息肉的方法、优缺点及安全性。方法:对52例距肛门10cm内,直径>0·5cm~≤2cm的广基息肉使用PPH术行局部切除,对病灶组织进行连续病理切片检查。结果:手术时间25~43min,术后住院3~7d(平均4d)。术后无吻合口出血、吻合口漏和直肠周围感染;下腹隐痛不适感为30%(16/52);病理诊断恶性肿瘤占9·6%(5/52),肿瘤切除率100%,吻合口愈合良好。分别随访1~4年,纤维结肠镜检查未见肿瘤复发。结论:PPH切除直肠广基息肉是一种简便、安全、有效和术后并发症少的微创治疗方法。     

吻合器直肠黏膜环切术加柱状结扎治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂的临床研究

目的对比三种术式治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂的临床疗效,探讨吻合器直肠黏膜环切术（PPH）加直肠黏膜松弛柱状结扎术治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂的优越性。方法直肠黏膜内脱垂患者130例分为三组,A组43例采用吻合器直肠黏膜环切术加直肠黏膜柱状松弛柱状结扎术,B组30例采用吻合器直肠黏膜环切术,C组32例采用直肠黏膜松弛柱状结扎术。对三组疗效及复发率作比较。结果三组术后有效率比较差异无统计学意义,A组痊愈率显著高于B、C两组,术后随访6-12个月,B、C两组复发率显著高于A组。结论对于直肠黏膜内脱垂所致的便秘及合并直肠前突所致的便秘,吻合器直肠黏膜环切术（PPH）加直肠黏膜松弛柱状结扎术治疗具有疗效好,复发率低等优点。     

四联术式治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的临床研究

为探讨四联术式治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的临床疗效,我们采用四联术式（消痔灵五点注射法＋直肠中下段黏膜柱状缝合支撑固定术＋齿状线上四点黏膜结扎术＋肛门三点式括约肌折叠紧缩术）治疗完全性直肠脱垂患者42例（治疗组）,单纯消痔灵注射治疗完全性直肠脱垂患者35例（对照组）,并对两组疗效进行对比分析。结果显示,治疗组治愈38例（90．5％）,复发4例（9．5％）;对照组治愈23例（65．7％）,复发12例（34．3％）。两组患者痊愈及复发情况比较,差异均有统计学意义,P〈0．01。结果表明,四联术式治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂安全可靠,疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

圆形吻合器直肠黏膜环切术治疗直肠黏膜脱垂

目的评价采用圆形吻合器治疗直肠黏膜脱垂的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2002年10月至2006年1月我院手术治疗的42例直肠黏膜脱垂患者的临床资料，其中直肠内黏膜脱垂22例，直肠外黏膜脱垂20例，均经排粪造影诊断。结果42例均行经肛门直肠黏膜环切术（procedure for prolapse and haemorrhoids，PPH），术后随访2～40个月，2例术后半年少量便血，肠镜检查为吻合口丝线缝合处肉芽生长所致。总有效率为88．1％（37／42），其中直肠内黏膜脱垂有效率为81.8％（18／22），直肠外黏膜脱垂有效率达95．0％（19／20）。结论PPH术治疗直肠外黏膜脱垂优于直肠内黏膜脱垂，手术简便。     

涤纶补片经腹直肠悬吊术在重度直肠脱垂中的应用

为探讨应用涤纶补片行经腹直肠悬吊术治疔重度直肠脱垂的疗效,回顾应用涤纶补片行经腹直肠悬吊术治疗的15例重度直肠脱垂患者资料。结果显示,本组15例患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间1．6～2．6h．术中出血量50～100ml。术后除2例患者出现尿潴留外．其余均未出现并发症。患者均一期愈合,平均住院时间9．5d。术后随访1～2年,均无复发,均肛门功能良好,排便通畅。结果表明,涤纶补片经腹直肠悬吊术治疗重度直肠脱垂疗效确切,术后并发症少,是一种安全有效的方法。     

三联术式治疗直肠脱垂28例疗效观察

为观察三联术式治疗直肠脱垂的临床疗效,对28例直肠脱垂（Ⅱ、Ⅲ度脱垂）患者全部采用直肠黏膜排列结扎术、直肠周围注射术、肛门环缩术三联术式治疗。患者均一次性治愈,平均疗程15．5d,术后随访6个月至1年无复发,无任何后遗症。结果表明,三联术式治疗直肠脱垂创伤小,痛苦小,安全可靠,疗效确切,复发率低。     

腹腔镜微创治疗高龄完全性直肠脱垂

目的探讨腹腔镜微创治疗高龄完全性直肠脱垂的手术方法,总结手术操作体会及临床治疗经验。方法总结2012年6月~2017年6月收治的22例完全性直肠脱垂患者的临床资料,患者年龄67~79岁,均在腹腔镜下行悬吊固定。结肠造影和术中均可见明显增厚且冗长的乙状结肠,直肠周围组织宽松,膀胱直肠窝或子宫直肠窝之间脂肪结缔组织明显增厚,尤其是直肠前壁。术中切除直肠周围增厚的脂肪结缔组织,切除冗长的乙状结肠和直肠上端,行结肠直肠吻合。结果所有患者手术顺利,无中转开腹。手术时间平均(86.59±14.84)min,出血量平均(63.41±23.67)ml,术后住院时间平均(10.01±1.57)d。无吻合口出血、感染、肠瘘等并发症发生,无术中死亡或术后2周内死亡病例。22患者均获得临床治愈,随访2~4年,平均(2.81±0.91)年,患者排便次数1~2次/d,肛门功能正常,无复发。结论腹腔镜下微创切除直肠周围增厚的结缔组织、切除冗长的乙状结肠和直肠上端,是一种较好的微创治疗高龄直肠脱垂的方法。     

Laparoscopic Management of Rectal Prolapse

Rectal prolapse can be a disabling condition for those affected. Treatment has historically been by transanal or abdominal approaches, with transanal approaches tending to have lower morbidity, and abdominal approaches having lower recurrence rates. With the advent of laparoscopy, many of the numerous described abdominal operations have been reported with a minimally invasive approach. Although few randomized data exist, laparoscopic operations appear to provide equal rectal fixation to open surgery, with less morbidity. Coexistent symtoms such as fecal incontinence and constipation must be evaluated before surgery, so that the operation can be tailored to the needs of the individual patient. Patients with severe constipation are often offered a concomitant sigmoid resection, although this does increase the potential for complications. Patients with incontinence, diarrhea, or otherwise normal function can be offered a rectopexy without resection. This study was presented at the ASCRS/SSAT symposium on minimally invasive management of rectal diseases, DDW, Los Angeles, May 2006     

STAPRE手术治疗直肠脱垂42例报道

目的观察经肛门吻合器直肠部分切除吻合术(stapler transanal partial resection of rectum,STAPRE)治疗直肠脱垂的临床疗效。方法笔者所在医院2005年8月至2011年2月期间对长度小于15 cm的42例直肠脱垂患者行STAPRE治疗。结果术后随访12个月者36例(其中19例超过24个月),随访6个月者6例,均未见复发。结论 STAPRE适合Ⅰ、Ⅱ及Ⅲ度直肠脱垂以及年迈和全身状况不佳的患者,可消除开腹手术带来的风险。     

手术治疗绞窄性腹壁切口疝1例

笔者于 2 0 0 1年 6月手术治疗巨大绞窄性腹壁切口疝 1例 ,获得成功 ,报告如下。1　病例资料女性 ,82岁 ,因脐右侧不规则疼痛伴恶心呕吐 4d ,肛门停止排便排气 2d收住院。既往有“阑尾切除术”及肠梗阻“粘连松解术”手术史。拟诊为“嵌顿性腹壁切口疝、机械性肠梗阻” ,经手法复位未成功而行“切口疝嵌顿松解术”。全麻 ,取原右中下腹直肌切口 ,疤痕下端稍加延长 ,切开皮肤及皮下脂肪达腹膜。切开后探查发现 ,原切口腹直肌前、后鞘及腹直肌全程裂开 ,形成疝环 ,长径约 12cm。切口右侧上方有一肠襻 ,外覆腹膜 ,伸达右侧深筋膜浅层。扩张疝颈…     

PPH加黏膜柱状缝合、直肠周围高位注射治疗完全性直肠脱垂(附15例报告)

目的：探讨PPH加黏膜柱状缝合、直肠周围高位注射治疗完全性直肠脱垂的手术效果。方法：对15例完全性直肠脱垂（Ⅰ～Ⅱ度）患者，采用PPH加黏膜柱状缝合、直肠周围高位注射治疗。结果：治愈15例，无复发。结论：该术式操作简单，近期疗效好，远期效果有待进一步观察。     

经肛吻合器直肠黏膜切除术与经直肠闭式修补术治疗直肠前突的对比研究

目的比较经肛吻合器直肠黏膜环形切除术(procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids,PPH)与经直肠闭式修补术(Block)治疗直肠前突的临床疗效。方法对2008年9月至2010年9月期间我院手术治疗的62例直肠前突患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式的不同分为PPH组(n=32)和Block组(n=30)。对2组患者手术后症状改善情况进行Longo’s出口梗阻型便秘(ODS)评分,并对手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、需用止痛药次数、术后并发症、住院时间及住院费用进行比较。结果 2组患者术后排便困难症状均有明显改善。Longo’sODS评分PPH组术后1个月与术后3个月比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Block组术后3个月明显高于术后1个月(P<0.01)。2组患者术后1个月和术后3个月Longo’s ODS评分、手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、需用止痛药次数及住院时间方面PPH组均明显少于Block组(P<0.01);但PPH组的治疗费用明显多于Block组(P<0.01)。在PPH组患者中,术后出现2例轻度肛门失禁,随访至术后3个月时完全恢复。结论 PPH治疗直肠前突与Block一样安全、有效,从近期疗效上看,优于Block手术且复发率较低。