泪囊鼻腔吻合术中筛窦过度向前发育6例

临床上行泪囊鼻腔吻合术中 ,可见到筛窦过度向前发育的患者 ,这一情况将增加手术者寻找鼻粘膜的难度而影响手术的成功性 ,现结合我院眼科所遇到的此类患者 6例及术中手术要点现报告如下。一、临床资料1.病例 :1996年以来我院眼科行泪囊鼻腔吻合术共 112例 (12 0只眼 ) ,男性 18例 (18只眼 ) ,女性 94例 (10 2只眼 ) ,其中筛窦过度向前发育 6例 (6只眼 ) ,男性 1例 (1只眼 ) ,女性 5例 (5只眼 ) ,占 4 .4 6 %。2 .手术要点 :行泪囊鼻腔吻合术时 ,按常规以泪前嵴为中心造大小约 1.5 cm× 1.0 cm的骨孔后 ,如骨孔下面暴露的不是鼻粘膜 ,而是骨…     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术211例临床分析

目的探讨泪囊鼻腔吻合术中后泪嵴和内眦韧带后面的泪骨残留及泪囊后唇不缝合固定对手术成功率的影响。方法A组：对100例(106只眼)慢性泪囊炎行泪囊鼻腔吻合术,术中骨孔上界平内眦韧带下缘,后界为后泪嵴前缘,泪囊后唇不缝合固定。B组：对111例(122只眼)慢性泪囊炎行泪囊鼻腔吻合术,术中将内眦韧带向上剥离、咬除内眦韧带后方的泪骨,并将后泪嵴咬除,将泪囊后唇缝合固定。结果A组失败7例(7只眼),占6.60%;B组失败1例(1只眼),占0.82%。二组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05)。结论将内眦韧带后方泪骨和后泪嵴咬除,并将泪囊后唇缝合固定能提高泪囊鼻腔吻合术的成功率。     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术408例分析

慢性泪囊炎是一种常见病，目前泪囊鼻腔吻合术仍是恢复泪液导流功能的最有效的手段，现将1984～1997年收治的408例分析如下：一般资料：1984年1月～1997年10月，共行泪囊鼻腔吻合术408例，424眼。男148例，女260例，年龄14－82岁，平均45岁。慢性泪囊炎408眼，泪囊囊肿10眼，外伤性泪道阻塞6眼。手术方法：常规步骤略。造骨孔显露泪囊窝后，用弯蚊式钳在泪囊窝下方内侧骨壁薄弱处压一小孔，然后用咬骨错插入此小孔，咬切骨壁，造成一约15×15mm2骨孔。1987年以来，我们将泪囊鼻粘膜吻合口内登碘纺纱条，改为置明胶海棉1块，这种海根在鼻腔内…     

前筛窦过度发育的泪囊炎两种手术效果评价

目的 评价伴前筛窦过度发育的慢性泪囊炎在行泪囊鼻腔吻合术(dacryocystorhinostomy,DCR)时的两种手术方式的效果.方法 167例(1 82只眼)泪囊鼻腔吻合术中发现前筛窦过度发育61例(62只眼),按手术方式不同而随机分为两组,试验组将泪囊及鼻黏膜后唇切除,吻合泪囊、鼻黏膜前唇,并留置凡士林纱条33例(33只眼).对照组是单纯将泪囊前后唇与鼻粘膜前后唇分别进行吻合28例(29只眼).结果 试验组治愈31例(31只眼).好转2例(2只眼),无效0例,有效率93.9%;对照组治愈20例(21只眼),好转3例(3只眼),无效5例(5只眼),治愈率72.4%.两组比较,手术效果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 实验组明显优于对照组.     

泪囊鼻腔吻合手术方法的改进和简化

目的 观察改进和简化的泪囊鼻腔吻合术的效果和优点。方法 对泪囊鼻腔吻合术作了5项改进和简化：用血管钳和乳突咬骨钳造骨孔，前唇单叶吻合粘膜瓣，四环素纱条填塞术腔，皮肤切口采用皮内缝合，双侧手术一次进行。手术31例37眼，术后观察1～3年。结果 37眼全部恢复了泪道的正常功能，溢泪溢脓症状消失，36例皮肤瘢痕不明显，手术时间缩短至40分钟左右。结论 泪囊鼻腔吻合术的改进术式易于掌握，效果良好，实用性强。     

双侧泪囊鼻腔吻合术

近年来,我院对泪囊鼻腔吻合术作了一些改良,成功地为12例双侧慢性泪囊炎患者同时施行泪囊鼻腔吻合术获得成功,报告如下.一般资料:12例中,男1例,女11例.年龄19～76岁.病程6月～12年.2眼合并角膜溃疡,1眼合并成熟期老年性白内障,全身均无严重器质性疾病等手术禁忌症.全部病例均经泪囊碘油造影,泪囊大小4×5～8×12mm.手术方法麻醉:表麻、局麻同单侧泪囊鼻腔吻合术,局麻药中加入肾上腺素2～3滴,注入总量约5ml.手术步骤:沿左眶内下缘作上自内眦韧带的皮肤切口长约2cm.分离软组织至骨膜,切开骨膜并剥离暴露泪囊窝.以骨凿加咬骨钳作1.2×1.2cm左右的方孔.“工”字形切开鼻粘膜及泪囊.依次缝合后、前唇,前唇缝合后加固1针缝于泪前嵴骨膜,然后缝合皮下组织及皮肤.以纱布暂时保护创口.以同样方法行右侧泪囊鼻     

三种术式治疗慢性泪囊炎临床疗效对比研究

目的 分析比较传统泪囊鼻腔吻合术、改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术、鼻内窥镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术的近、远期疗效.方法 将144例(144只眼)慢性泪囊炎随机分为3组.A组(传统泪囊鼻腔吻合术) 48例;B组(改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术)48例;C组(鼻内窥镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术) 48例.术后检查泪道通畅及吻合口情况.结果 术后随诊1个月至5年,其...     

改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术的临床分析

目的探讨改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎的疗效。方法76例(81眼)慢性泪囊炎采用改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗，观察术后泪道通畅情况。结果治愈74眼(91．36％)；好转5眼(6.17％)；无效2眼(2.47％)。结论改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术是治疗慢性泪囊炎的有效方法。     

改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合丝裂霉素C治疗慢性泪囊炎56例

目的:总结和分析改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合术中应用丝裂霉素C治疗慢性泪囊炎的效果。方法:随机选择56例(56眼)慢性泪囊炎患者施行改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合术中应用丝裂霉素C(观察组),随机对照组53例(53眼)行传统泪囊鼻腔吻合术,术后随访12mo,观察患者术后泪道通畅情况,鼻内窥镜下测量骨孔面积、观察骨孔内肉芽增生情况。结果:随访12mo,观察组手术成功率为100%,对照组手术成功率为79.2%,观察组和对照组手术成功率比较其差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合术中应用丝裂霉素C能提高慢性泪囊炎的手术成功率,保持吻合口通畅,是值得推荐的一种手术方法。     

泪囊鼻腔吻合术118例临床分析

目的：进一步改进鼻腔泪囊吻合术手术的方法，分析手术失败原因，使手术高效、省时、并发症少。方法：1994-01／2003-01通过对118例患在手术中不断内眦韧带，用血管钳将泪骨薄弱处捅破用咬骨钳扩大骨孔，手术结束时采用皮内缝合。结果：118例(128眼)手术效果好，成功率98．4％。结论：泪囊腔粘膜吻合术成功率较高、省时、简便、并发症少，适合于基层应用。     

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with mucosal anastomosing in chronic dacryocystitis with three categories of ethmoid sinuses

AIM: To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) with mucosal anastomosis in chronic dacryocystitis patients, with various categories of ethmoid sinuses. METHODS: Between July 2015 and September 2019, 1439 adult patients, representing 1623 affected eyes, presented with chronic dacryocystitis and were scheduled for En-DCR. The categories of ethmoid sinuses were preoperatively determined, using computed tomography-dacryocystography (CT-DCG), and were classified as category 1 (C1), category 2 (C2), and category 3 (C3). No sinuses anterior to the posterior lacrimal crest defined as C1. Sinuses found between the anterior edge of the lacrimal bone and the posterior lacrimal crest defined as C2. Sinuses found anterior to the lacrimal bone suture defined as C3. At the end of surgery, the dacryocyst and nasal mucosa were anastomosed in C1, and the dacryocyst mucosa and anterior ethmoid sinus were anastomosed in C2 and C3 ethmoid sinus patients. The surgical success rate and related complications, in patients with 3 categories of ethmoid cells, were monitored and documented. RESULTS: Postoperative data was obtained for 179 C1 affected eyes, 878 C2 affected eyes, and 432 C3 affected eyes. The overall success rate of En-DCR was 93.0% (1385/1489). Additionally, the success rates were comparable among the different ethmoid categories at 12mo post operation. We demonstrated that the major reason for surgical failure was intranasal ostial closure, due to granulation or scar tissue. CONCLUSION: En-DCR is a feasible and highly effective primary treatment for chronic dacryocystitis. To ensure surgical success, the surgery protocol must be designed in accordance with the category of ethmoid sinuses present in individual patient.     

泪囊瓣与前组筛窦黏膜瓣吻合的内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗前组筛窦过度气化的慢性泪囊炎

目的：探讨前组筛窦气化至上颌骨额突时的成年慢性泪囊炎患者采取泪囊瓣与前组筛窦黏膜瓣吻合 的内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术（En-DCR）的可行性。方法：前瞻性研究。收集2017年7月至2019年3月在 温州医科大学附属眼视光医院,通过泪道CT造影（CT-DCG）确诊的前组筛窦气房气化至上颌骨额突 的成年慢性泪囊炎并接受En-DCR的患者。手术步骤：切开鼻黏膜的同时开放并扩大前组筛窦,再进 行常规En-DCR手术,最后将泪囊瓣与前组筛窦黏膜瓣进行吻合。对随访超过12个月的患者,记录 手术的成功率及并发症。结果：纳入前组筛窦气房气化至上颌骨额突并接受En-DCR的成年慢性泪 囊炎患者84例（90眼）。En-DCR的成功率为87%（78/90）。术后出现再次泪道阻塞12眼,其中肉芽阻 塞造瘘口7眼,瘢痕闭锁造瘘口4眼,泪总管阻塞1眼。术后均未出现眼眶脂肪脱垂、脑脊液漏、鼻窦炎、 视力损害等严重并发症。结论：开放前组筛窦完整暴露泪囊窝行En-DCR,通过泪囊瓣与前组筛窦黏 膜瓣的吻合方法,对前组筛窦气房气化至上颌骨额突的慢性泪囊炎患者是可行且有效的。     

外路泪囊鼻腔吻合术后慢性泪囊炎复发患者的泪道CT造影多平面重组特征的初步研究

目的 应用泪道CT造影(CT-DCG)多平面重组(MPR)检查研究外路泪囊鼻腔吻合术后慢性泪囊炎复发患者吻合道的特征,分析慢性泪囊炎复发的原因,为合理制定后续治疗方案提供影像学依据.方法 收集2014年10月至2020年7月在解放军总医院眼科医学部泪器病中心就诊的87例(87眼)外路泪囊鼻腔吻合术后慢性泪囊炎复发患者资...     

Comparison of failed and successful dacryocystorhinostomy by using computed tomographic dacryocystography findings

PURPOSE: To compare the spiral computed tomographic dacryocystography (CT-DCG) findings of failed and successful dacryocystorhinostomies (DCR) and to detect the possible causes of failure before reoperation. METHODS: Eighteen patients with failed and 15 patients with functional DCR were examined by spiral CT-DCG, a combination of contrast dacryocystography and spiral computed tomography. Radiologists, who were blinded to the clinical status of the patients, measured the diameter of the osteotomy window, evaluated its position relative to the lacrimal sac, and documented any abnormal findings around the osteotomy, which may contribute to the failure of DCR. RESULTS: Location of the osteotomy window was inappropriate in 83% (15/18) of unsuccessful cases and in 7% (1/15) of successful cases and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Presence of the ethmoid air cells medial to the ostium was detected to have a significantly higher frequency in the unsuccessful DCR group (78%, 14/18) than in the successful group (20%, 3/15) (p < 0.01). The antero-posterior diameter of bony ostium was less than 15 mm in 94% (17/18) of failed DCR cases, but in only 60% (9/15) of successful DCR cases, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Some additional findings that may contribute to the failure were noted in failed cases. There were ethmoid sinusitis in three, concha bullosa in two, nasal polyposis in two, mass in medial canthus in one, and extensive granulation tissue around the rhinostomy in one of the failed cases. CONCLUSIONS: CT-DCG is a valuable imaging tool to evaluate DCR failures before reoperation. In this series, CT-DCG showed that small size and inappropriate position of osteotomy, and also extension of ethmoid air cells medial to the lacrimal sac, were frequently seen causative factors of DCR failure.     

眼眶骨折200例临床分析

目的探讨眼眶骨折的病因、伤情和临床治疗方法。方法对200例眼眶骨折病因、损伤部位、伤情和治疗进行分析。认为在软组织裂伤缝合时尽可能早期行眼眶骨折整复。眶上壁骨折若视功能和眼位无明显改变者,不必行骨折整复。视神经孔骨折者,可以经筛窦进路行视神经探查。重度颜面凹陷畸形,需要行颧骨、上颌骨复位后钛板固定。内直肌嵌入筛窦,下直肌嵌入上颌窦,在眶内容还纳复位后分别用天然珊瑚人造骨板修复骨孔。结果眶壁重度粉碎性骨折51例行Ⅱ期骨折整复,其余均在软组织清创缝合时行I期整复,视功能均得到不同程度的恢复。结论眼眶骨折经早期和恰当方法整复,完全可以修复颜面畸形,并恢复眼球运动和视觉功能。     

视神经管周围结构解剖的实验研究

目的 了解视神经管周围结构的解剖并为临床视神经管减压术及鼻窦手术提供解剖学依据.方法 实验研究.(1)成人干性颅骨标本50个,观察和测量筛窦和蝶窦的形态和大小;(2)甲醛溶液固定的成年湿性头颅标本15个,观察和测量蝶窦中部外侧壁与颈内动脉的距离、眼动脉起始处与颈内动脉的夹角,测量视神经颅内段的长度、视神经于视交叉前方之间的夹角、视神经颅内段颅口处两侧视神经内侧缘之间的距离,测量眼动脉在视神经管内的长度和直径;(3)选取6例经甲醛溶液防腐固定的完整成年无明显病变的成年湿性头颅标本,应用CT对筛、蝶窦进行轴位和冠状位扫描,观察视神经管与筛、蝶窦的关系;然后将CT扫描后的湿性头颅标本利用工业用钢锯行筛、蝶窦的断面(6例)、水平断面(3例)、冠状断面(3例)解剖,层厚均为6 mm.将筛窦、蝶窦、视神经管的CT扫描图像和相对应的解剖断面标本进行对比、观察.采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行数据处理.男性与女性湿性颅骨标本的测量值比较,采用两组独立样本的t检验.结果 全筛窦前后径(39.02±4.89)mm,前部横径(12.26±2.12)mm,前筛窦上下径(11.89±2.56)mm;蝶窦前后径(24.08±4.87)mm,蝶窦中部外侧壁与颈内动脉的距离(1.23±0.56)mm;眼动脉起始处与颈内动脉的夹角54.33°±7.89°;视神经颅内段的长度(9.91±2.89)mm,两侧视神经于视交叉前方之间的夹角59.89°±4.79°,视神经颅口处两侧视神经内侧缘之间的距离(14.26±3.23)mm;眼动脉在管内段的长度(5.38±1.87)mm,眼动脉外径(2.18±0.37)mm.男性与女性间的视神经颅内段长度(t=0.25)、两侧视神经于视交叉前方之间的夹角(t=0.71)、视神经颅口处两侧视神经内侧缘之间的距离(t=0.57)、蝶窦中部外侧壁与颈内动脉的距离(t=0.29)、眼动脉起始处与颈内动脉的夹角(t=0.99)、眼动脉在视神经管内段的长度(t=0.50)、眼动脉外径(t=0.52)测量值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 (1)切开视神经管内侧壁时,在蝶窦内切开的深度不宜超过13 mm,否则有可能损伤颈内动脉并引起大出血;(2)在进行视神经管减压术时,穿破前部筛窦的左右深度不宜超过15 mm,上下不宜超过12 mm,否则易穿破到对侧筛窦或向上穿破颅底进入颅内;(3)应特别注意保护眼动脉,防止眼部缺血和失明.     

经鼻内窥镜下扩展性骨窗伴高位造口行泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的:探讨经鼻内窥镜下扩展性骨窗伴高位造口行泪囊鼻腔吻合术(DCR)治疗慢性泪囊炎的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性临床研究。选取本院2018-01/2020-01确诊为慢性泪囊炎患者50例59眼。根据手术方式分为两组：单纯造口组23例29眼采用经鼻内镜下平中鼻甲腋行DCR(即单纯造口术),改良组27例30眼采用经鼻内镜下扩展性骨窗伴高位造口行DCR。比较两组患者的临床总有效率、术后并发症发生率以及满意率的情况。结果:术后12mo,单纯造口组有效率为79%,改良组为97%(P=0.039)。而单纯造口组并发症总发生率为28%,改良组为7%(P=0.042)。且单纯造口组满意率为65%,改良组为93%(P=0.030)。结论:采用经鼻内镜扩展性骨窗伴高位造口DCR治疗慢性泪囊炎,可提升手术的有效率,降低并发症发生率。     

Success rate and complications of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with unciformectomy

Background

Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been widely used to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Here, we evaluated the anatomical advantages of the uncinate process as a landmark and to study the effect of unciformectomy on success rate and complications of endonasal DCR .

Methods

In total, 288 eyes of 265 adult patients who underwent endonasal DCR between January 2003 and February 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. The eyes were classified into two groups, according to whether unciformectomy was performed or not. All surgical procedures and surgical indications were the same except unciformectomy and endonasal DCR was performed by one surgeon. Unciformectomy was performed by resecting the anterior part of uncinate process.

Results

One hundred and eighty-six eyes of 168 patients received endonasal DCR with unciformectomy, and 102 eyes of 97 patients received endonasal DCR alone. The average success rate of endonasal DCR with unciformectomy was 97.8?% and that of endonasal DCR alone was 90.2?%, with statistically significant difference (Student's t-test, p-value?<?0.05). There were 14 eyes with post-operative nasolacrimal obstruction, caused by granuloma in five eyes, intranasal synechia in two eyes, membranous obstruction in six eyes, and canalicular stenosis in one eye. There were no serious complications such as orbital fat prolapse, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or delayed hemorrhage.

Conclusions

Anterior resection of the uncinate process gives improved access to the lacrimal bone by exposing the medial aspect of the lacrimal fossa and forming the precise location of the osteotomy on the lacrimal bone during endonasal DCR. Thus, the uncinate process can be used as an anatomical landmark for endonasal DCR. The unciformian endonasal DCR improves operation success rate by allowing access to the large space of the nasal cavity and reducing the synechiae of the nasal cavity.     

Inaccuracy of diagnosis in a cohort of patients on the waiting list for dacryocystorhinostomy when the diagnosis was made by only syringing the lacrimal system

PURPOSE: Accurate identification of the factors contributing to epiphora is essential in directing appropriate management and treatment strategies. The authors applied a methodical strategy of assessment for epiphora to patients who were already on the waiting list for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). The findings were compared to the original findings. METHODS: Forty-four eyes of 35 patients listed for DCR were re-examined. All canaliculi were examined using four tests: dye disappearance, Jones 1 (dye retrieval), probing using Bowman probes, and syringing of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) under local anesthesia. Some patients were examined using an endocanalicular mini-endoscope. Patients with NLD obstruction underwent DCR and those with canalicular and NLD stenosis underwent intubation of the lacrimal system-canaliculus, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct-using silicone stents. The authors refer to this as canaliculodacryocystoplasty (CDCP). The patients were assessed for symptoms of epiphora at 12 months. Forty-four eyes had been listed for DCR. They had been originally diagnosed, by means of lacrimal syringing, as NLD obstruction (24 eyes) or stenosis (12 eyes), and functional blocks (8 eyes). RESULTS: Four out of the original 44 planned DCR surgeries were performed after re-evaluation. After re-examination, 28 lacrimal systems were found to have canalicular stenosis, 4 NLD stenosis, 4 NLD obstruction, 4 punctal phimosis, 3 ocular surface disease, and 1 patient was asymptomatic. Twenty-eight lacrimal systems underwent CDCP, 4 underwent DCR, 4 had punctoplasty, and 4 had probing alone. Three had treatment for ocular surface disease and one patient required no treatment. After a follow-up of 12 months, 41 (93%) systems had improvement or were free of their CONCLUSIONS: Syringing of the lacrimal apparatus may result in a high false positive diagnosis of NLD obstruction. Canalicular pathology is not uncommon in this cohort of patients and may be underdiagnosed.