大剂量X线头部照射对雄性大鼠生殖内分泌功能的影响

本文报道雄性大鼠受10GyX线头部照射后不同时间下丘脑多巴胺(DA)、血清促性腺激素(LH、FSH)、尿睾丸酮(Ts)、睾丸cAMP及垂体和睾丸指数的变化。其结果证实l10GyX线头部照射后DA和促性腺激素变化基本一致,其中特别有意义的是,睾丸cAMP含量变化与血清促性腺激素水平变化非常吻合,尿Ts变化与LH变化一致;垂体和睾丸指数无明显改变。上述资料说明,头部急性照射能够引起下丘脑神经递质及腺垂体促性腺激素释放的明显变化’睾丸cAMP含量变化可能继发于促性腺激素的变化,而Ts生成和分泌与促性腺激素所致睾丸cAMP变化有关。     

电离辐射对小鼠胸腺Th17细胞相关细胞因子的影响

目的 通过研究电离辐射对小鼠胸腺Th17细胞相关细胞因子的影响,探讨高、低剂量辐射诱导不同的免疫效应中Th17细胞功能。方法 将健康ICR小鼠按随机数字表法分为健康对照组、低剂量照射组(0.05、0.075 Gy)和高剂量照射组(0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 Gy)探讨剂量-效应关系,用X射线深部治疗机进行不同剂量的全身照射,于照射后24 h处死。同时,探讨时间-效应关系,即分为健康对照组、低剂量照射组(0.075 Gy)和高剂量照射组(2.0 Gy),于照射后12、24、48 h处死,取胸腺组织制备成组织匀浆,ELISA法检测小鼠胸腺细胞中白介素-17a(IL-17a)与白介素-21(IL-21)的浓度。结果 在时间-效应结果中,与健康对照组相比,0.075 Gy照射组胸腺细胞IL-17a和IL-21分泌量呈下降趋势,其分泌量于48 h降到最低(t=3.85、4.73,P<0.05);而2.0 Gy照射组均呈大幅度上升趋势,其分泌量在48 h达到最高(t=-6.74、-6.19,P<0.05);在剂量-效应结果中,与健康对照组相比,较低剂量照射组胸腺细胞IL-17a与IL-21分泌量下降,在0.05 Gy最低(t=8.39、16.45,P<0.05);较高剂量照射组胸腺细胞的分泌量上升,在4.0 Gy时升至最高(t=-15.60、-18.62,P<0.05)。结论 高剂量辐射可以诱导小鼠胸腺细胞IL-17a与IL-21分泌量的增加,而低剂量辐射使其下降,表明Th17细胞相关的细胞因子在低剂量辐射诱导的免疫功能增强效应和高剂量辐射诱导免疫抑制效应中起着重要的作用。     

海洛因对生殖、内分泌激素的影响

本文观察了部分吸食海洛因患者睾酮(TL),促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、孕酮(P)和雌三醇E_3等激素,结果显示,这些激素与正常对照比较有明显改变。说明海洛因对机体性腺轴功能有影响。     

X线不同剂量照射诱发C6细胞凋亡的研究

为研究体外X线不同剂量照射C6细胞可否诱发其凋亡,应用大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞系,以15、20、30及40GyX线分别照射体外C6细胞,提取DNA进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,观察其细胞凋亡发生的情况.结果显示,15、20及30Gy组在照射后2h便出现明显的DNA降解(“梯形结构”),其中15Gy组持续到8h,20、30Gy组持续到24h.但对照及40Gy组无明显“梯形结构”出现,后者DNA小片段条带明显,表明该组细胞坏死明显.提示X线不同剂量照射体外C6细胞可诱使其早期产生凋亡,但若剂量增大(如40Gy)则可致其坏死.     

维生素D对不同剂量X射线照射小鼠免疫功能的保护作用

目的 观察维生素D对不同剂量X射线照射小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 将小鼠采用随机数字表法分为5组:健康对照组、2 Gy和5 Gy照射组、2 Gy+药物(维生素D)组和5 Gy+药物(维生素D)组。给药组小鼠在不同剂量X射线照射后,连续7 d腹腔注射6 IU维生素D[1,25(OH)₂D₃]/g体重,于给药后第8天,5组小鼠均处死。测定小鼠体重、胸腺和脾脏指数,ConA诱导的脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力,ELISA法检测脾细胞IL-2的分泌量。结果 与健康对照组相比,2和5 Gy照射组小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力、脾细胞IL-2的分泌量均显著降低(F=36.20、7.13,P<0.05);与2 Gy照射组相比,2 Gy+药物组小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力均显著增高(t=-2.54、-2.24、-2.84,P<0.05);与5 Gy照射组相比,5 Gy+药物组小鼠的胸腺指数、脾细胞IL-2的分泌量显著增高(t=-5.02、-2.64,P<0.05)。结论 维生素D能够改善受照小鼠的免疫功能,但随照射剂量增大,改善作用减弱。     

腺垂体体积测量在女童性早熟中的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探究磁共振3D CUBE T₁WI测量腺垂体体积对女童性早熟的鉴别诊断价值，为临床性早熟患者提供非侵入性和替代性的诊断方法。方法:纳入2020年5月-2022年7月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院就诊的128名性早熟女童，根据临床诊断及促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)激发试验分为两组：中枢性性早熟(CPP)组57例，单纯乳房早发育(PT)组71例。所有病例均接受垂体MRI 3D CUBE T₁扫描及GnRH激发试验。收集并测量腺垂体特征(高度及测量体积)、临床特征及血清学指标。采用单因素方差分析方法分析各参数间之间差异；Pearson相关分析探究垂体体积与激发实验结果及血清学指标之间的相关性，并采用ROC曲线分析腺垂体高度及测量体积对不同类型性早熟患者的鉴别诊断价值。结果:CPP组腺垂体高度(aPH)及体积(aPV)均显著性高于PT组(P均<0.001);aPV与LH/FSH、LH基础值及血清E2表达水平呈高度正相关(P<0.001);aPV与LH峰值、FSH基础值、IGF-1、IGFBP-3表达水平呈中度正相关；aPV与血...     

PLC/PIP2信号通路在辐射诱导NRP1+Treg 细胞中的作用机制

目的 观察X射线照射后小鼠胸腺细胞中CD4+ CD25+ NRP1+ Treg细胞数量及TGF-β1分泌量的变化,并探索PLC/ PIP2信号通路在其中的作用机制.方法 36只ICR小鼠按随机数字表法分为假照组、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0和6.0 Gy的不同剂量组,X射线深部治疗机进行全身照射,于照射后16 h应用流式细胞仪分析小鼠胸腺细胞中CD4+ CD25+ NRP1+ Treg细胞的变化,ELISA法检测胸腺细胞TGF-β1含量的变化.EL-4细胞株经PKC激动剂(PMA)、Ca2+阻断剂(TMB-8)作用2h后并经4 GyX射线照射,于照射后48 h应用流式细胞术及ELISA法分别检测CD4+CD25+ NRP1+ Treg细胞及TGF-β1含量的变化.结果 小鼠胸腺细胞中NRP1+ Treg在0.5 GyX射线作用后稍有下降,于1.0 Gy降至最低(t=6.96,P＜0.01),而后呈剂量依赖性升高,于6.0 Gy升至最高(t =6.70,P＜0.01);胸腺细胞TGF-β1在0.5 GyX射线照射后显著下降(t=12.53,P＜0.01),而1.0～4.0 Gy照射后则呈剂量依赖性升高,于6.0 Gy仍保持高水平(t=10.40 ～ 15.30,P＜0.01).PMA作用后,与假照组相比,单独PMA组NRP1+ Treg细胞表达显著降低(t=3.06,P＜0.01),而联合照射后表达则明显上调(t=8.27,P＜0.01),TGF-β1无论受照与否,其含量均明显降低(t=10.46 ～39.69,P＜0.01);而TMB-8作用后,无论受照与否CD4+ CD25+ NRP1+ Treg的表达及TGF-β1的分泌量均显著上调(t=5.53～44.26,P＜0.01).结论 高剂量电离辐射可以诱导小鼠胸腺细胞中NRP1+ Treg细胞表达并增加TGF-β1的含量,此现象可能与启动PLC/PIP2信号通路有关.     

空降兵新兵跳伞应激对血浆腺垂体激素及性腺激素含量的影响

目的：探讨空降兵新兵群体跳伞应激状态下腺垂体激素及性腺激素的变化。方法：将54名新兵分为3组，即对照组（22人）、试验1组（12人）、试验2组（20人）。分别在跳伞前24h、登机前和着陆后即刻抽取肘正中静脉血10ml，采用放免法测定黄体生成素（LH）、生长激素（HGH）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）、泌乳素（PRL）、雌二醇（E2）和睾丸酮（T）水平。结果：①试验1组、试验2组腺垂体激素均较对照组明显增加（P＜0．01）；试验2组促卵泡生成素和生长激素水平较试验1组增加（P＜0．01），而黄体生成素和泌乳素在两试验组差异不显著。②性腺激素在跳伞应激时的变化不明显。结论：对新伞兵跳伞应激的生理、心理因素的影响不容忽视。     

中高度海拔地区健康成年男性性激素测定的意义

目的：通过测定不同海拔高度健康成年男性性激素水平来了解不同氧含量下男性的生理性调节过程。方法：采用拜尔公司ACS180SE全自动化学发光仪及配套试剂测定血清男性健康成年人（促卵泡激素成熟激素FSH、促黄体生成素LH、垂体泌乳素PRL、睾酮T、雌二醇E2）。结果：FSH、LH随海拔递度增加无明显改变,PRL随海拔递度增加含量减少,T、E2随海拔递度增加含量增加。结论：三项垂体激素（FSH、LH、PRL）中,仅PRL随着氧含量的降低递减,其余两项性腺激素（T、E2）随着氧含量的降低逐渐增高,尤以T增高明显。     

LH对超数排卵母牛胚胎产量的影响

Donaldson等(1985、1986)首次报道了FSH中LH的污染会降低母牛对超数排卵的反应。Hammond等(1944)报道,母牛对标准数量FSH的超排反应有很大差异,但直到Monneaux(1983)和Moor(1984)才阐明卵泡发育的动态性和对外源促性腺激素的反应。因此,学者开始研究更有效的超数排卵技术。Murphy等(1984)和Lindsell等(1986)报道商品性FSH制品中的LH含量较高,且变异较大。超数排卵激素中LH过多会引起卵母细胞的受精力降低,在超数     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.