肺癌细胞总RNA转染的DC疫苗体外诱导肺癌患者特异性抗肿瘤免疫的实验研究

目的：为了探讨肺癌细胞总RNA转染的DC疫苗体外诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫的能力。方法：采用分离肺癌患者外周血单核细胞体外诱导DC细胞，Trizol法提取肺癌细胞系Calu-6总RNA，用脂质体包裹总RNA转染DC并诱导特异性CTL的扩增，LDH法和ELISA法检测CTL的杀伤活性和IFN-γ分泌。结果：经肺癌细胞总RNA转染的DC特异性表面标志及功能相关分子表达均上调，转染后的DC可显著刺激异体／自体T淋巴细胞增殖，诱导的特异性CTL对携带Calu-6抗原的靶细胞的杀伤率显著高于LAK细胞，再次接触相同抗原时其IFN-γ分泌量显著增高。结论：肺癌细胞总RNA转染的DC疫苗可在体外诱导出特异性抗肿瘤免疫。     

转染肿瘤总RNA的DC疫苗诱导抗肝癌特异性免疫

目的：探讨转染人肝癌总RNA的树突状细胞(DC) 疫苗体外诱导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的作用。 方法： 采用原发性肝癌（HCC）病人外周血单核细胞（PBMC），在粒/巨细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4) 刺激下增殖分化为DC细胞；从人肝癌细胞中体外扩增肝癌RNA。以HCCRNA转染DC细胞，并与PBMC混合培养诱导扩增CTL。MTT法测定CTL的杀瘤活性。 结果： 转染HCCRNA 48 h后， DC表面分子CD83、CD86和HLA-DR表达明显增高。转染HepG-2细胞HCCRNA的DC和病人HCCRNA诱导的CTL对HepG-2细胞和病人HCC细胞的杀瘤活性均明显高于正常肝细胞RNA+DC、脂质体+DC、Opti-MEM+DC以及空白对照组；而对胃癌SGC-7901细胞无杀伤活性。 结论： 以肝癌RNA为肿瘤抗原，DC作为疫苗的抗原提呈细胞，体外冲击致敏DCs，能诱导肝癌特异性CTL。本研究为HCC术后复发和转移的防治提供一种可能有效的疫苗治疗方法。     

树突状细胞介导的肿瘤免疫治疗研究

树突状细胞是抗原递呈能力最强的抗原递呈细胞。树突状细胞可通过交叉致敏途径呈递外源性抗原如肿瘤抗原,诱导CD8+的CTL应答。应用不同形式的肿瘤抗原负载DC,将致敏DC作为疫苗回输体内可诱导机体产生有效的抗肿瘤免疫应答。     

肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的IL-2基因修饰的巨噬细胞治疗肾癌的实验研究

目的 :观察体外肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )基因修饰的巨噬细胞对肾癌小鼠的治疗效果并探讨其相关的免疫机理。方法 :通过重组腺病毒的介导 ,将IL 2基因转入新鲜分离的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,经肿瘤抗原冲击致敏后回输治疗原位肾癌小鼠 ,采用 4h5 1 Cr释放法检测脾脏NK和CTL活性。结果 :IL 2基因修饰的巨噬细胞经肿瘤抗原冲击后体内回输可使肾癌小鼠肺转移结节明显减少 ,存活期明显延长 ,40 %肾癌小鼠达到长期存活。治疗后荷瘤小鼠脾脏NK和CTL活性显著提高。结论 :IL 2基因修饰的巨噬细胞经肿瘤抗原冲击后自体回输是治疗肾癌的有效方法。     

K562细胞总RNA转染对人树突状细胞抗原提呈、成熟及功能影响的初步研究

探讨人的树突状细胞(dendriticcell,DC)体外经K562细胞株总RNA转染后,能否诱导出p210蛋白表达,并诱导特异性CTL,为DC疫苗的临床应用提供理论基础。自健康人浓缩白细胞制剂分离有黏附特性的单核细胞,经GM-CSF、IL-4培养5d后,获得未成熟的DC(imDC);体外以脂质体DOTAP或直接电穿孔转染K562细胞总RNA。抽提后即时以及转染24h后的DC内RNA进行RT-PCR检测,Westernblot分析p210蛋白表达,流式细胞仪检测,以及诱导CTL杀伤K562细胞功能检测等。结果显示,RT-PCR检测表明:DC经K562细胞总RNA转染后,细胞内出现Bcr-Abl的cDNA条带,24h后消失。Westernblot实验表明:转染24h后,开始表达p210特征性蛋白。与对照组相比,转染K562细胞总RNA的DC,在24h后CD80、CD83、CD86、HLA-DR等表面标志均不同程度表达增高,并可促进T细胞对K562的杀伤活性。该研究从多方面角度说明应用肿瘤总RNA负载DC来制备DC疫苗的可行性,提示改良的DC疫苗抗肿瘤可能的应用前景。     

树突状细胞介导的肿瘤免疫治疗研究

树突状细胞是抗原递呈能力最强的抗原递呈细胞。树突状细胞可通过交叉致敏途径呈递外源性抗原如肿瘤抗原，诱导CD8 的CTL应答。应用不同形式的肿瘤抗原负载DC，将致敏DC作为疫苗回输体内可诱导机体产生有效的抗肿瘤免疫应答。     

树突状细胞的抗原基因转导及其抗肿瘤免疫作用的研究

目的制备整合素靶向性腺病毒载体RGD-Adv,向树突状细胞（DCs）转导抗原基因,并研究表达特异性抗原DCs的免疫学特点和抗肿瘤效果。方法使用体外连接法构建RGD-Ad,并以流式细胞技术检测其基因转导效率,通过抗原呈递试验、CTL效应试验和小鼠体内抗肿瘤试验考察表达特异性抗原DCs诱导产生CTL效应和在体抗肿瘤作用情况。结果RGD-Adv可安全高效转导DCs,且为病毒载体剂量依赖性;表达特异性抗原DCs能有效诱导抗原特异性CTL效应,并具有显著抗肿瘤效果。结论RGD-Adv是一种理想的载体系统,通过使DCs表达特异性抗原,诱导机体特异性免疫机制,产生抗肿瘤效果,是一种极具前景的肿瘤免疫治疗方法。     

转染自体胃癌细胞总RNA的树突状细胞诱导个体化免疫治疗的体外实验

目的探讨转染自体胃癌细胞总RNA的树突状细胞(DC)体外介导抗胃癌的免疫效应。方法制备短期培养的原代胃癌细胞。用rhGM-CSF、rhIL-4和TNF-α体外诱导胃癌患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中DC的发育和成熟,并转染自体肿瘤细胞总RNA,激活自体T细胞产生CTL,用CCK-8试剂盒检测CTL的杀伤活性。应用流式细胞术及混合淋巴细胞培养技术检测DC的免疫功能状态。用ELISA法测定IL-12和INF-γ的水平。结果转染自体肿瘤细胞总RNA的成熟DC,不仅可高表达MHC-I、II类分子及CD80、CD83和CD86协同刺激分子,并可获得高效刺激自体或异体T细胞增殖的能力。转染RNA的成熟DC,分泌IL-12的水平及其刺激产生的CTL培养上清液中INF-γ的水平显著高于单纯成熟DC及未成熟DC;且CTL对自体胃癌细胞的杀伤率显著高于异体组。结论转染自体胃癌细胞总RNA的成熟DC能够体外诱导产生对自体肿瘤细胞具有高度抗原特异性杀伤活性的CTL。     

小鼠肝癌总RNA转染的树突状细胞体外诱导特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞的研究

目的 :探讨小鼠骨髓树突状细胞 (dendriticcell,DC)体外经Hepa 1 6肝癌细胞株总RNA转染后 ,对特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞 (CTL)的诱导作用。方法 :自小鼠骨髓分离DC前体细胞 ,经GM CSF IL 4培养、扩增 ;制备Hepa 1 6小鼠肝癌细胞株总RNA ,体外转染DC ,检测DC诱导同基因型小鼠T细胞增殖及其特异性CTL的反应能力。结果 :经Hepa 1 6肝癌细胞总RNA转染的DC ,其组织相容性分子 (MHC I、II)及共刺激分子 (B7 1 、B7 2 )表达明显增高 ,刺激同基因型小鼠T细胞增殖能力增强 ,且能诱导Hepa 1 6特异性CTL。结论 :以肝癌总RNA转染DC ,构造肝癌疫苗为肝癌的临床治疗提供了新的策略。     

树突状细胞与特异性肿瘤免疫治疗

树突状细胞 (DC)是体内功能最强的抗原提呈细胞 (APC) ,也是抗原特异性免疫应答的始动者 ,由DC激活的T细胞介导的免疫应答在机体抗肿瘤过程中起着主导作用。本文主要对DC参与抗肿瘤的机制、DC与肿瘤免疫逃逸的关系及近年来DC在肿瘤生物治疗方面的研究进展作一综述。以DC为基础的肿瘤治疗主要有两种方式 :①免疫治疗 :肿瘤抗原体外冲击致敏DC后回输体内 ;②基因治疗 :以目的基因转染DC后回输体内     

树突细胞对Lewis肺癌抗瘤作用的研究

目的：研究经体外骨髓细胞衍生的DC在Lewis肺癌中的抗瘤作用。方法：将肿瘤抗原MUT－1加载的DC（DC－MUT－1）经尾静脉免疫C57BL／6小鼠后，随后将肿瘤细胞接于小鼠皮下，观察DC能否诱发机体的免疫保护。同时检测DC－MUT－1免疫后小鼠脾脏T细胞的CTL活性。结果：经DC－MUT－1免疫后能诱发机体产生对相应肿瘤细胞的持久和特异性的免疫保护作用，体外检测CTL活性显示，免疫小鼠脾脏T细胞对相应肿瘤具有 特异性杀伤。结论：经DC－MUT－1免疫小鼠能诱发机体产生特异性抗肿瘤细胞免疫从而使宿主对随后的肿瘤细胞攻击产生特异性的免疫保护作用。     

IL—6基因转染的瘤苗体内诱导的抗肿瘤免疫功能与效果

经丝裂霉素C体外处理后,将IL-6基因转染的、高分泌的IL-6的B16黑色素瘤细胞制成瘤苗。结果发现,体内注射IL-6基因转染的瘤苗后,小鼠脾脏CTL活性、NK活性及IL-2诱导的LAK活性显著升高。经IL-6基因转染瘤苗体内治疗后,荷瘤小鼠的皮下肿瘤生长显著减慢、肺转移结节数显著降低、存活期显著延长,若同时合用低剂量IL-2,则上述治疗效果更好。可见IL-6基因转染的瘤苗能有效地通过诱导机体抗肿瘤免疫功能而发挥抗肿瘤作用,与低剂量IL-2合用后,IL-6基因转染的瘤苗的抗肿瘤效果更佳。     

小鼠骨髓树突状细胞pcDNA3-hCEA转染疫苗的抗瘤作用

目的:将pcDNA3-hCEA转染小鼠骨髓树突状细胞 (DCs),观察其诱导BALB/c小鼠对CT2 6(hCEA⁺)的抗肿瘤免疫效应。方法:采用rmGM-CSF和rmIL-4体外诱导培养小鼠骨髓DCs;构建真核表达质粒pcDNA3-hCEA;并用lipofectamine将其转染DCs,制备DCs(pCDNA3-hCEA)疫苗;同时制备CT2 6(hCEA⁺);采用RT-PCR检测DCs(pCDNA3-hCEA)中CEAmRNA的表达,采用放射免疫法检测DCs(pCDNA3-hCEA)培养上清中CEA的含量;使用DCs(pCDNA3-hCEA)疫苗体外诱导小鼠同种异体T淋巴细胞靶向性杀伤。采用DCs(pcDNA3-hCEA)疫苗预防免疫BALB/c小鼠,观察其对于荷临界致瘤量CT2 6(hCEA⁺)小鼠的抗肿瘤效应。结果:经G₄₁₈筛选,DCs(pCDNA3-hCEA)有14 %的获得率;RT-PCR检测表明DCs(pCDNA3-hCEA)内CEAmRNA呈阳性表达;放射免疫法检测表明DCs(pCDNA3-hCEA)能微量表达人CEA;DCs(pCDNA3-hCEA)能够有效诱导CEA靶向免疫杀伤。DCs(pcDNA3-hCEA)疫苗延长荷CT2 6(hCEA⁺)瘤小鼠生存期1周至 4周。结论:编码肿瘤抗原基因的真核表达质粒转染的树突状细胞,能够诱导较强的特异性抗肿瘤免疫效应.     

Vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor antigen conjugated to cholera toxin efficiently induces specific tumoricidal CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes dependent on cyclic AMP activation of dendritic cells

We investigated the development of CD8+ tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) and protection against tumor growth after vaccination with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with a model protein ovalbumin conjugated to cholera toxin (OVA-CT) in B6 mice using E.G7 tumor cells expressing OVA(257-264) peptide (SIINFEKL) as target cells in vitro and in vivo. Vaccination with OVA-CT-pulsed DC concurrently induced strong CTL in vitro activity and anti-E.G7 tumor protection in vivo in WT, NK-depleted and CD4-deficient mice as well as in IL-12-/- and IFN-gamma-/- mice but not in CD8-deficient mice. Importantly, activation of CTL by OVA-CT-pulsed DC was dependent on CT-induced activation of adenylate cyclase and increased cAMP production by DC associated with increased expression of MHC class I and co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86 and CD40). These results show that vaccination with DC pulsed with antigens (Ag) conjugated to CT induces a strong CTL response and suggest that conjugation of tumor Ag to CT for DC vaccination represents a promising approach for tumor vaccination and immunotherapy.     

肿瘤细胞冻融裂解物上清对凋亡细胞负载的树突状细胞生物学特性的作用研究

目的:探讨Balb/c小鼠骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞冻融裂解物上清对SP2/0凋亡细胞负载的骨髓来源的树突状细胞(DC)的成熟、生物学特性及功能的影响。方法: 采用小鼠重组粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白介素4(IL-4)诱导骨髓来源的DC, 100Gyγ射线辐照诱导SP2/0细胞凋亡, 与未成熟DC共育16-20h;SP2/0细胞冻融裂解物上清和脂多糖(LPS)分别作用于DC48h。采用免疫荧光标记和流式细胞术分析DC表型;[³H]-TdR掺入试验和[⁵¹Cr]释放试验测定DC刺激T细胞增殖和细胞杀伤效应。采用腹股沟皮下DC主动免疫治疗SP2/0荷瘤小鼠, 每间隔14d治疗1次, 共3个疗程, 观察肿瘤生长情况及小鼠生存期。结果:(1)经SP2/0冻融裂解物上清和脂多糖(LPS)诱导凋亡肿瘤细胞负载的DC高表达共刺激分子CD40、CD80、CD86和MHC-Ⅱ分子, 但抗原摄取能力均下降;(2)SP2/0冻融裂解物上清组和LPS组DC体外刺激T细胞增殖和激活CTL能力均高于对照组(P＜0.05);(3)经SP2/0冻融裂解物上清组主动免疫治疗小鼠存活期长于其它各组(P＜0.05)。结论:小鼠SP2/0细胞冻融裂解物上清可诱导凋亡细胞负载的树突状细胞成熟, 能够刺激T细胞增殖和激发肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL), 主动免疫治疗可激发荷瘤小鼠体内有效的肿瘤特异性免疫力, 延长荷瘤小鼠生存期。     

Chemoattraction,adhesion and activation of natural killer cells are involved in the antitumor immune response induced by fractalkine/CX3CL1

Fractalkine (FK, also called neurotactin or CX3CL1) is a CX3C chemokine that can chemoattract T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells. One of our previous studies demonstrated that FK in soluble form can chemoattract T cells and DC and membrane-bound FK can adhere T cells and DC. Vaccination with 3LL lung carcinoma cells gene-modified with FK (3LL-FK) induces potent antitumor CTL response. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether NK cells participate in FK-induced antitumor immunity. We found that NK activity was increased in mice inoculated with 3LL-FK and in vivo depletion of NK cells resulted in the decreased tumor growth inhibition of 3LL-FK, indicating that NK cells play an important role in the antitumor immunity induced by FK. Further studies showed 3LL-FK could chemoattract, adhere NK cells and attract more NK cells to infiltrate into tumor tissue. Incubation of NK cells with 3LL-FK could increase the cytotoxicity of NK cells against YAC-1 cells and even against NK-resistant parental 3LL cells. IL-12 production increased more significantly in the 3LL-FK tumor nodules. Taken together with CTL response induced by 3LL-FK, our data demonstrate that FK, expressed by gene-modified tumor cells, can induce potent antitumor effect through different mechanisms, one of which involves chemoattraction of NK cells into tumor sites and activation of NK cells.     

HBV与HCV融合基因免疫的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 :观察基因疫苗SpcDNA3.1、CpcDNA3.1及融合基因疫苗CSpcDNA3.1诱导BALB c小鼠 (H 2 d)的特异性细胞免疫应答及其对稳定表达HBsAg和HCcAg的小鼠肥大细胞瘤P815细胞 (H 2 d)接种动物后成瘤性的影响。方法 :3种重组质粒SpcDNA3.1、CpcDNA3 1和CSpcDNA3 1分别肌注免疫小鼠 ,3w后背部皮下接种质粒CSpcDNA3 1转染的P815细胞 ,观察小鼠成瘤和存活时间。LDH法检测免疫小鼠的脾淋巴细胞CTL活性。结果 :融合质粒CSpcDNA3 1可显著抑制肿瘤出现和生长 ,小鼠生存时间明显延长 ,生存率提高 ,CSpcDNA3 1免疫的小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外对转染的P815肿瘤细胞有明显的杀伤作用。结论 :融合基因疫苗CSpcDNA3 1免疫的小鼠能诱发特异性抗肿瘤细胞免疫。     

Intratumoral Expression of MIP-1β Induces Antitumor Responses in a Pre-Established Tumor Model through Chemoattracting T Cells and NK Cells

Direct intratumoral introduction of therapeutic or regulatory genes is a developing technology with potential application for cancer gene therapy. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β) is a chemokine which can chemoattract immune cells such as T cells. In the present study, murine colorectal adenocarcinoma CT26 cells were transfected with a recombinant adenovirus (AdhMIP-1β) carrying the human MIP-1β gene. 24h post-transfection, hMIP-1β levels reached approximately 980 pg/ml in supernatants of 10^6 hMIP-1β-transfected CT26 cells. Moreover, the supernatants exhibited chemotactic activity for CD8^ T cells, CD4^ T cells, NK cells and immature DCs. Intratumoral injection of AdhMIP-1β significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Intratumoral hMIP-1β gene transfer also induced powerful tumor-specific CTL responses in vivo. The therapeutic effects of hMIP-1β gene therapy were greatly reduced following in vivo depletion of both CD4^ and CD8~ T cells, but were unaffected by depletion of single T cell subsets. Immune cell depletion experiments also revealed that NK cells played an important role in hMIP-1β-induced antitumor responses. These results suggest that intratumoral expression of hMIP-1β has the potential effect to induce host antitumor immunity and may prove to be a useful form of cancer gene therapy.     

IL—12和B7—1协同抗肿瘤作用和疫苗效应的研究

研究了IL-12和B7-1基因导入小鼠EL-4胸腺瘤细胞后在小鼠体内诱导的协同抗肿瘤免疫作用。方法将逆转录病毒载体重组的小鼠IL-12,B7-1基因表达质粒分别导入小鼠EL-4胸腺瘤细胞,利用转基因细胞治疗小鼠观察其抗肿瘤免疫效果。结果转基因细胞的肿瘤原性较EL-4/Wt和EL-4/Neo组明显降低(P<0.001)。同时免疫原性明显增强,以