赤灵芝对老年人细胞免疫功能的影响

观察３０例为防治脑动脉硬化口服赤灵芝的老年人的细胞免疫功能变化。服药前其外周血单个核细胞产生白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）和γ干扰素（ＩＦｒ）的能力及ＮＫ细胞活性分别为１３４．１±３０．７Ｕ／ｍｌ，８．３±３．９Ｕ／ｍｌ和４０．１±１０．５％。当受试者口服赤灵芝（每例４．５ｇ／ｄ，连服３０日）１０日，以上三项指标即有明显提高。服药２０日三项指标分别增加至１５９．２±３９．４Ｕ／ｍｌ，１１．５±５．２Ｕ…     

莫诺美地治疗冠心病心绞痛疗效分析

对４８例冠心病患以５－单硝酸异山梨醇酯缓释剂５０ｍｇ ｑｄ口服治疗，观察其临床疗效。服药前后的血，尿常规，肝，肾功能，血脂，血糖及电解质无明显变化。服药前，第１０，２１天心率，血压亦无改变。３５例典型我痛患翥主绞痛发作从治疗前１１．１次±１２．３次／周降为第１０天４．７次±４．７次／周第２１天２．８次±３．０次／周。硝酸甘油用量从服药前１４．４片±２２．９片／周降为第１０天３．２片±２．７片和第     

关附甲素对单个心室肌细胞钠通道电流的频率依赖性和使用依赖性阻滞作用

用膜片钳全细胞法研究关附甲素（ＧＡ）对单个心室肌细胞钠通道电流（ＩＮａ）的频率依赖性和使用依赖性影响。结果：４０μｍｏｌ／ＬＧＡ在刺激频率０．５，１．０，２．０Ｈｚ时使ＩＮａ峰值由用药前的７．９３±２．３ｎＡ分别降至４．８１±１．３，３．２３±１．１和１．２８±０．８ｎＡ（ｎ＝８，Ｐ均＜０．０５），抑制率分别是３９．３％、５９．３％和８３．９％。在脉冲串刺激时，维持电位－９０ｍＶ、指令电位－３０ｍＶ，灌流前ＩＮａ为７．６９±１．３３ｎＡ；４０μｍｏｌ／ＬＧＡ灌流后第１，１０，２０，３０个脉冲ＩＮａ分别是４．２４±０．９８，３．２５±０．７４，２．３３±０．６４和２．０６±０．７０ｎＡ（ｎ＝６，Ｐ均＜０．０１）；而在维持电位－８０ｍＶ，指令电位－３０ｍＶ时，ＧＡ灌流前ＩＮａ为７．５１±１．４３ｎＡ，在灌流后第１，１０，２０，３０个脉冲分别是４．１９±１．０９，２．２８±０．４１，１．２７±０．２４和０．８９±０．２５ｎＡ（ｎ＝６，Ｐ均＜０．０１）。提示：ＧＡ抑制ＩＮａ具有频率依赖性及使用依赖性，其频率依赖性和使用依赖性的机理相同。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对不稳定型心绞痛患者心率变异的影响

应用长程心电图分析系统对１６例不稳定型心绞痛患者（ＵＡＰ组）入院后第２日、经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＲＴＣＡ）后第１，３，３０日以及１４８例健康中、老年人（对照组）２４ｈ心电图进行心率变异（ＨＲＶ）分析。结果：ＵＡＰ组２４ｈ连续正常ＲＲ间期的标准差（ＳＤＮＮ）、２４ｈ内连续５ｍｉｎ节段平均正常ＲＲ间期的标准差（ＳＤＡＮＮｉ）、相邻ＲＲ间期差的均方根（ｒＭＳＳＤ），相邻两个正常心动周期差值大于５０ｍｓ个数占总搏数的百分比（ＰＮＮ５０）、低频功率（ＬＦ）及高频功率（ＨＦ）均明显低于对照组（分别为９２．７±１４．３ｍｓｖｓ１２８．９±１７．８ｍｓ、７８．８±１０．６ｍｓｖｓ１１８．６±１９．１ｍｓ、１９．３±７．７ｍｓｖｓ２９．８±１２．７ｍｓ、３．６±１．７％ｖｓ６．５±５．５％、３１７．２±１４８．３ｍｓ２ｖｓ４７６．５±２８７．３ｍｓ２，Ｐ均＜０．０５），而ＬＦ／ＨＦ高于对照组（３．５±１．３ｖｓ２．４±１．１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＰＴＣＡ术后３０天ＵＡＰ患者ＨＲＶ逐渐恢复正常。结果提示ＵＡＰ患者交感神经和迷走神经张力下降，而以后者更明显；ＰＴＣＡ后ＨＲＶ逐渐恢复，说明ＰＴＣＡ能改善ＵＡＰ患者的ＨＲＶ。     

老年人急性心肌梗塞后心室颤动与QTc离散度关系的探讨

回顾性单盲分析老年人急性心肌梗塞发病２４小时内首次心电图ＱＴｃ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）。心室颤动（简称室颤）组（ｎ＝１０）ＱＴｃｄ为７５．１±４５．２ｍｓ，非室颤组（ｎ＝６０）则为３２．０±１５．３ｍｓ，健康对照组（ｎ＝２０）为２７．２±７．１ｍｓ。室颤组与后两组比较，差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。前壁心肌梗塞者（ｎ＝３０）ＱＴｃｄ为３６．３±３１．１ｍｓ，下壁心肌梗塞者（ｎ＝４０）则为３９．５±２２．５ｍｓ。ＱＴｃｄ≥４０ｍｓ２５例，发生室颤９例（３６％），而ＱＴｃｄ＜４０ｍｓ且ＱＴｃ＜４４０ｍｓ的２９例中，无一例发生室颤。结果提示老年人急性心肌梗塞后室颤的发生与ＱＴｃｄ明显增加有关。     

实验性心肌缺血大鼠心脏自主神经活性的动态变化及意义

采用心率变异（ＨＲＶ）时域及频域指标分析急性心肌缺血２４ｈ大鼠心脏自主神经功能的变化以探讨其意义。将实验动物分成三组，即正常对照组（２０只）、假手术组（２０只）与心肌缺血组（４８只），并运用动态心电图记录２４ｈ心电信号变化。结果显示：与假手术组及正常对照组分别比较，心肌缺血组正常窦性心律ＲＲ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ）下降（２８．９±９．４ｍｓｖｓ３４．４±１３．７ｍｓ或３５．１±１４．３ｍｓ，Ｐ均＜０．０５），低频（ＬＦ）及低频与高频的比值（ＬＦ／ＨＦ）明显增加（１８９．４±３６．５ｍｓ２／Ｈｚｖｓ５７．３±１７．８ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ或５１．８±１８．６ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ；３．８５±０．９１ｖｓ１．７６±０．６３或１．６８±０．５７，Ｐ均＜０．０１）；２４ｈ心率功率谱示心肌缺血组ＬＦ及ＬＦ／ＨＦ波动幅度较假手术组及正常对照组增高，缺血大鼠ＬＦ与ＬＦ／ＨＦ在缺血后０～３ｈ（２６７．５±１２．４ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ、４．３３±１．０８）及９～１２ｈ（２４４．７±１３．９ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ、３．９６±０．９８）期间增高显著，而在缺血后５～７ｈ（１４９．２±８．７ｍｓ２／Ｈｚ、２．０５±０．４２）内则相对较低。结果表明大鼠心肌缺血后ＨＲＶ降低主?     

青藤碱对豚鼠心室肌细胞膜钾离子通道的阻滞作用

利用膜片钳全细胞记录技术研究青藤碱（Ｓｉｎ）对分离的豚鼠单个心室肌细胞膜内向整流钾电流（Ｉｋ１）和延迟整流钾电流（ＩＫ）的影响，发现１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｓｉｎ使ＩＫｍａｘ（去极化终末最大ＩＫ）从３５５．９±２１．９ｐＡ分别降至３１７．６±２０．１ｐＡ和２３３．１±１８．７ｐＡ（ｎ＝７，Ｐ均＜０．０５），分别降低了１０．８％和３４．４％；外向尾电流从１５５．１±９．３ｐＡ分别降至１２９．４±６．２ｐＡ和９１．８±６．９ｐＡ（ｎ＝７，Ｐ均＜０．０５），分别降低了１６．６％和４０．８％。当维持电压－４０ｍＶ，超极化－１００ｍＶ时，１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｓｉｎ使Ｉｋ１从３．１５７±０．７９４ｎＡ分别降至２．７３５±０．７９９ｎＡ和２．４１１±０．５８１ｎＡ（ｎ＝８，Ｐ均＜０．０１），抑制率分别为１３．４％和２３．６％。５μｍｏｌ／ＬＳｉｎ于不同膜电位水平均能抑制Ｉｋ１，且使Ｉｋ１Ｉ－Ｖ曲线零电位从－８０ｍＶ降至－７０ｍＶ。结果表明Ｓｉｎ对ＩＫ和Ｉｋ１均具浓度依赖性阻滞作用，其延长心肌细胞的复极效应可能与钾通道阻滞有关。     

骨髓移植后微血管病一例

患者男,３０岁。因急性淋巴细胞性白血病,于１９９８年４月２日行ＨＬＡ相合异基因ＢＭＴ。预处理方案为：移植前第１０天羟基脲４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ;移植前第９天阿糖胞苷２ｇ／ｍ２;移植前第８、７、６天;口服马利兰１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,每６小时１次;移植前第５、４天,环磷...     

G—CSF配合大剂量CTX和VCR动员自体外周血干细胞的研究

本研究对１２例拟行ＡＰＢＳＣＴ的患者予ＶＣＲ１－２ｍｇ／ｍ２，体表面静注及ＣＴＸ７ｇ／＾２体表面积静滴，５－７天后予Ｇ－ＣＳＦ１００μｇ／ｍ＾２体表面积静注５－７天，白细胞升至３．０×１０＾９／Ｌ以上时，用ＣＳ３０００血细胞分离机单次收集单个核细胞ＭＮＣ〉２．８×１０＾８／ｋｇ，ＣＤ＾＋３４〉．６×１０＾６／ｋｇ，ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ〉３．９×１－０＾４／ｋｇ，ＡＰＢＳＣＴ后，全部患者于＋５天－＋１０天白     

严重充血性心力衰竭患者自主神经功能与心率变异的关系及地高辛的影响

对２５例重度充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）患者在地高辛治疗前后测定血浆去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）及心率变异（ＨＲＶ）。结果显示：ＮＥ基础值与ＨＲＶ时域指标基础水平均呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）。地高辛治疗前后的ＮＥ相比（２９１±８０ｐｇ／ｍｌｖｓ２１３±８２ｐｇ／ｍｌ），Ｐ＜０．００１。２４小时平均ＲＲ间期及２４小时正常ＲＲ间期标准差由治疗前的７２７±１２３ｍｓ及６７．７±２１．８ｍｓ分别增加至７７７±１２２ｍｓ及８７．２±２９．２ｍｓ（Ｐ均＜０．０５）；２４小时相邻ＲＲ间期差值的均方根（ＲＭＳＳＤ）、２４小时正常相邻ＲＲ间期之差大于５０ｍｓ的心搏数所占百分比（ＰＮＮ５０）及高频（ＨＦ）由治疗前的３６．３±３０．６ｍｓ、５．３±５．５％及３７．１±２１．２ｍｓ２分别增加至５６．１±４３．７ｍｓ、１０．８±１０．６％及７９．９±５８．２ｍｓ２（Ｐ值＜０．０５至＜０．０１）；低频（ＬＦ）由治疗前的１１８．９±１３３．２ｍｓ２增加至１７１．２±１７２．８ｍｓ２（Ｐ＜０．００５）；ＮＥ下降幅度与时域指标增加幅度均呈正相关。ＨＲＶ多数时域指标增加幅度及其绝对值与血清地高辛浓度呈正相关，以ＲＭＳＳＤ和ＰＮＮ５０尤为显著（Ｐ?     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.