平凉市中老年男性性功能调查报告

目的 调查平凉市中老年男性性欲低下、勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)、射精障碍的患病情况.方法 采用分层多阶段整群不等比例随机抽样方法,选择城区6个居委会和郊区20个行政村1539名年龄≥50岁男性作为调查对象,分别记录国际勃起功能问卷(IIEF-5)评分及男性性功能问卷(O'Leafy ...     

Psychological factors associated with male sexual dysfunction: screening and treatment for the urologist

Male sexual dysfunctions, including erectile dysfunction, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, premature ejaculation, and delayed ejaculation, are a complex amalgam of interrelated biological, psychological, and contextual variables that can combine to produce distressing symptoms both for the male diagnosed with the dysfunction and for his partner. This article describes the assessment process for identifying the psychological concerns associated with the man's sexual complaint, and presents a stepwise algorithm for treating mild to moderate psychosocial issues. Physicians' awareness of psychological and interpersonal issues will help them better manage patients' ongoing medical treatment and limit discontinuation of efficacious therapies.     

平凉市中老年男性性功能调查报告

目的:调查并评价平凉市部分中老年男性性欲低下、勃起功能障碍(ED)、射精障碍的患病情况。方法:采用分层多阶段整群不等比例随机抽样方法,选择城区6个居委会和郊区20个行政村1 539例年龄≥50岁男性作为调查对象,分别记录国际勃起功能问卷(IIEF-5)评分及男性性功能问卷(O'Leary 1995)评分,分析调查数据。以IIEF-5评分0～21分诊断为ED,性欲评分≤2分诊断为性欲低下,射精评分≤2分诊断为射精障碍。结果:符合标准的调查对象1 230例,年龄50～89(62.5±9.6)岁,分为50～59岁、60～69岁、70～79岁、≥80岁4组。IIEF-5评分0～25(9.4±8.6)分,性欲评分0～8(2.3±2.1)分,射精评分0～8(3.6±3.0)分。ED、性欲低下、射精障碍的患病率分别为92.27%、57.96%、36.91%。各年龄组间(10岁/组)ED、性欲低下、射精障碍患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),各年龄组间不同程度ED患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:随年龄增加ED、性欲低下、射精障碍的患病率逐渐增加,ED患病率最高。     

The decline in sexual function,psychological disorders (anxiety and depression) and life satisfaction in older men: A cross-sectional study in a hospital-based population

This study explored the relationships between the decline in sexual function and psychological burdens and life satisfaction in older men with the aim of providing prospective targets for interventions. From January 2016 to January 2019, we selected 1,326 men aged over 50 years old. We adopted the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), self-estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the satisfaction with life scale and the control, autonomy, self-realisation and pleasure scale (CASP-19) to measure premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction and well-being (including, depression, anxiety, and life quality and satisfaction) respectively. The individuals were divided into two main groups: the decline group and the no-decline group. The incidences of erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE), anxiety and depression in men who reported a decline in sexuality were 73.83% (330/447), 63.98% (286/447), 75.84% (339/447) and 68.46% (306/447) respectively. Men who showed a decline in sexuality had significantly worse psychological and life satisfaction/quality scores than those in the no-decline group (p < .001 for all). When they had PE or ED simultaneously, these differences widened. Significantly worsened psychological status and life quality/satisfaction scores could be observed in patients who had declined sexual desire and declined frequency of sex (p < .001 for both). Under the impact of the decline in sexual function, the younger participants (age < 60) had significantly worsened negative emotions and life quality and satisfaction. Based on the results of the study, we found that the decline in sexuality was associated with depression and anxiety and worse life satisfaction and quality. Clinicians need to pay more attention to psychological status and life satisfaction and quality for those patients affected by a decline in sexuality.     

The age-related decline of testosterone is associated with different specific symptoms and signs in patients with sexual dysfunction

In males, testosterone (T) levels decline with ageing. Several symptoms characteristic of the ageing process are similar to those related to hypogonadism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the specific association among hypogonadism-related symptoms and signs and the ageing process. A consecutive series of 1647 (mean age 52.4 ± 13.1 years) male patients with sexual dysfunction were investigated. Several hormonal and biochemical, instrumental and psychological parameters were studied. The parameters significantly associated with total levels in the entire cohort, after adjustment for confounders, were studied as a function of age and T quartiles. In all age quartiles, low T was associated with higher waist circumference and triglyceride levels and with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of hypoactive sexual desire decreased as a function of T only in the youngest (17- to 42-year old) age quartile as well as the reported reduction in nocturnal erections. In the oldest age quartile, we found an inverse relationship between T levels and the prevalence of severe erectile dysfunction and a positive relationship with intercourse frequency. Accordingly, in the oldest age quartile, subjects with higher T levels showed better penile flow at penile colour doppler ultrasound as well as a better lipid profile. Finally, an inverse association between somatized anxiety and T levels was observed only in the oldest age quartile. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that in subjects with sexual dysfunction, some hypogonadism-related symptoms can be age-specific. In particular, low T is associated with sexual dysfunction more often in the oldest subjects.     

The role of prolactin levels in the sexual activity of married men with erectile dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) including anthropometry, hormones, metabolic profiles and lifestyle, on sexual activity in married men with ED. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 261 men (mean age 53.7 years, range 23-80), who were evaluated for anthropometry, hormone levels, metabolic profiles and lifestyle factors. Erectile function was evaluated using the self-administered International Index of Erectile Function. Patients were classified into two groups based on the six-item erectile-function domain, as those with sexual activity and those without. RESULTS: Of all patients, 62.5% (163 of 261) had no sexual activity (erectile-function domain score <6). There was a significant difference in mean (sem) prolactin level between patients with and with no sexual activity, at 4.8 (0.4) vs 6.8 (0.7) (P = 0.013). Of all patients, 73.7% (42 of 57) with diabetes had no sexual activity, while 59.3% (121 of 204) without diabetes had (P = 0.048). In a multivariate model, a higher prolactin level was associated with a greater likelihood of sexual inactivity (odds ratio 1.094; 95% confidence interval, 1.010-1.185; P = 0.028) but diabetes lost its statistical significance. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for prolactin was 60.5% (95% confidence interval, 52.9-68.1%; P = 0.009) for sexual inactivity. No other factors were significant in this regard. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that prolactin levels might play a role in sexual activity in men with ED.     

Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction: epidemiology and pathophysiology

There is ample evidence from many epidemiological studies that lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunction are strongly linked, independently of age and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and coronary heart disease. However, a causal link between both conditions is not yet established. Four pathophysiological mechanisms currently support the relationship between LUTS and erectile dysfunction (ED): (i) The nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/NO theory; there is a reduction in NOS-containing nerves in the prostate and bladder/urethra in patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), and that lack of NO or loss of protein kinase G causes ED; (ii) The autonomic hyperactivity and metabolic syndrome hypothesis: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may be part of the metabolic syndrome, which includes cardiovascular diseases (e.g. hypertension, ischaemic heart disease) and diabetes mellitus, known risk factors for ED. Hypertension, obesity, and hyperinsulinaemia have all been claimed to be associated with an increased sympathetic activity. Increased sympathetic activity is involved in LUTS/BPH and may have a role in ED/sexual dysfunction, with noradrenaline and alpha1-adrenoceptors representing a common link; (iii) the Rho-kinase activation/endothelin pathway; there can be increased Rho-kinase activity, and consequently calcium sensitivity of the contractile machinery, in prostate smooth muscle in BPH, the detrusor in BOO, corpora cavernosa in ED, and in the resistance vessels in hypertension. The actions of several factors beside noradrenaline (e.g. endothelin-1, angiotensin II), possibly involved in the increased smooth muscle activity found in both LUTS/BPH and sexual dysfunction, are dependent on Rho-kinase activity. Thus increased Rho-kinase activity might represent a common link between LUTS and sexual dysfunction; (iv) Pelvic atherosclerosis; animal models mimicking pelvic ischaemia and hypercholesterolaemia show similar smooth muscle alterations of the detrusor and corpora. Pelvic ischaemia may induce the biological modifications described above and may thus represent as well a common link between LUTS and sexual dysfunction. Studies treating one condition (e.g. ED) and measuring the impact on the other (e.g. LUTS) should further contribute to support this common link.     

Developing a prediction model for the self-evaluation of erectile dysfunction in an adult male population

The purpose of this study was to develop an erectile dysfunction (ED) risk assessment tool suitable for the general population. Based on an ED network survey of the general adult male population in China from October to November 2019, a total of 612 cases with a mean age of 31 years (interquartile range: 28–37) with valid data were collected: 357 cases were assigned to the training set and 255 to the validation set. The ED risk prediction model was established by multifactor logistic regression analysis, and nomograms were constructed for visualisation. In the validation set, a receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve analysis and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness of the ED risk prediction model. Based on multivariate logistic regression, education, smoking, chronic diseases, feelings about one's spouse, frequency of sexual intercourse, masturbation and self-reported sexual satisfaction were selected as predictors to develop the ED prediction model. The model had good discrimination, calibration and clinical applicability. The ED risk prediction model developed in this study can effectively predict ED risk in the general population.     

Assessment of sexual dysfunction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Sexual dysfunction is a highly prevalent condition in ageing men that considerably affects their quality of life, although it is a frequently neglected aspect of healthcare. The main predictors of sexual dysfunction are age and cardiovascular comorbidities such as hypertension, heart disease, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes. Recently, the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has also been identified as a crucial risk factor for sexual dysfunction, independent of age and comorbidities. Despite the increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction with age, health-related problems and psychological factors, there is evidence that many older men remain sexually active. Currently available self-administered questionnaires assessing male sexual dysfunction focus almost exclusively on erectile function. There is evidence from recent large-scale epidemiological studies that ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) is almost as prevalent as erectile dysfunction (ED), affecting nearly half of men aged > or = 50 years. Other domains such as orgasm, desire, and satisfaction with sex life are important and should be considered. There is thus a need to develop and validate more comprehensive and multidimensional instruments for assessing sexual dysfunction in ageing men. A new instrument, the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ), was developed and validated to assess these specific aspects of male sexual dysfunction . It consists of a 25-item self-administered questionnaire including three core domains (erection, ejaculation, satisfaction with sex life) and additional items related to sexual activity, desire and bother related to sexual dysfunction. The MSHQ scale has excellent psychometric properties and is well suited for use in clinical and research settings. A short form of the MSHQ scale is currently under development.     

Lower urinary tract symptoms and male sexual dysfunction in Asia: a survey of ageing men from five Asian countries

OBJECTIVE: To determine, using the Asian Survey of Aging Males (ASAM), the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual disorders in Asian men aged 50-80 years, and to investigate the relationship between LUTS and sexual dysfunction, as community-based studies have shown a relationship between LUTS and sexual dysfunction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The ASAM survey was conducted in selected cities in five Asian countries, using a combination of face-to-face and mail-survey methods. The survey evaluated demographics, urinary symptoms (using the International Prostate Symptom Score, IPSS, and bother score), functional problems (using the Danish Prostatic Symptoms Score, DAN-PSS-Sex, and International Index of Erectile Function, IIEF) and comorbidity factors. In all, 1155 men aged 50-80 years completed the survey. RESULTS: The prevalence of LUTS varied among the countries, ranging from 14% in Singapore to 59% in the Philippines. Moderate to severe LUTS were reported by 36% of men aged 50-59 years, 50% aged 60-69 years and 60% aged 70-79 years. About three-quarters of all respondents (72%) aged 50-80 years were sexually active. Erectile dysfunction was reported by 63% of men in the study, of whom 57% were bothered by their symptoms. Ejaculation disorders were present in 68% of respondents (52% reported bothersomeness) and pain on ejaculation was experienced by 19% of the men in the study (88% reported bothersomeness). Sexual disorders increased with age and increasing severity of their LUTS. Erectile and ejaculation problems were more common in subjects with diabetes or hypertension; these two groups showed the same relationship between LUTS severity and sexual disorders. CONCLUSION: These results confirmed that sexual activity is common in Asian men aged 50-80 years, even at an advanced age. They also confirmed the correlation between LUTS and sexual dysfunction.     

男性性功能障碍相关问卷的应用进展

由于男性性功能障碍发病率的升高,临床医生越来越需要准确、高效的问卷来评估治疗效果和满意度,并帮助患者达到满意的治疗结果。为此,本文总结了一些关于男性性功能障碍的常用问卷,包括勃起功能国际问卷、勃起硬度分级、勃起质量量表、勃起功能障碍治疗满意度调查表、治疗满意度量表、自尊心及性关系问卷、早泄评估表、早泄诊断工具、早泄指数量表、阿拉伯早泄指数量表、老年男性症状量表、中老年男性雄激素缺乏自测表以及迟发型(迟发性性腺功能减退)睾丸功能减退症状调查表,并对它们的临床应用进行了综述。     

Association between lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in Taiwanese men

The study investigated the association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunction in ageing men. It was a cross-sectional study in an unselected consecutive sample of 398 men aged >40 years attending a urology clinic. LUTS and sexual function were assessed by validated symptom scales, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Clinically the severity of total and obstructive IPSS showed no significant correlation with age, but irritative IPSS is statistically correlated with age (P < 0.05). The prevalence of moderate to severe ED (IIEF-5 < 12) was significantly associated with LUTS severity (P < 0.05) and the severity of IIEF-5 correlated significantly with age (P < 0.01). A consistent inverse correlation was found between IIEF-5 and IPSS severity across the age groups, with the strongest effect within aged 60 to 69 years (r = −0.286, P < 0.01). The irritative IPSS showed a significant correlation with IIEF-5 severity across all age groups. These results reveal a significant correlation between LUTS and the severity of ED, especially on the irritative domain.     

The epidemiology of erectile dysfunction and its risk factors

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects millions of men throughout the world. The literature is ample, but an accurate estimate of its prevalence is still difficult since figures mainly refer to the USA, and are based mostly on small selected samples of people. Caution must anyway be used in comparing data from studies conducted in the past because of possible differences in the definition and classification of ED. Many factors are believed to contribute to the development and maintenance of ED. The influence of age and of several medical conditions (diabetes, vascular disease, and chronic diseases such as hepatic failure, renal failure and dialysis) is well defined. Also well documented is the role of some drug groups, whereas the role of other pharmacological agents is still controversial because of the frequent coexistence of other pathological conditions or concomitant exposure to other drugs. Less well defined and sometimes controversial is the role of risk factors mainly related to life-style such as cigarette smoking, alcoholism, total cholesterol levels and certain types of trauma. This paper reviews the main data on the epidemiology of ED and some related risk factors.     

Dialysis modality and sexual dysfunction in male patients

Sexual dysfunction is an under-recognised problem in due to very limited number of studies in the literature. This study aims to evaluate the sexual dysfunction related effects of dialysis modality among male patients with chronic renal failure. All patients were asked to complete 2 questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale [HADS] and International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF-5]. A total of 51 patients who completed the questionnaires were included in the study. 31 of them were under haemodialysis (HD) treatment, and 20 were under peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. After adjustment for age and HADS score, there was no statistically significant difference between HD and PD groups in terms of the mean IIEF scores (55 vs. 40, p = .058), and the frequency of sexual dysfunction (12.9% vs. 30%, p = .163). Age (r = −0.553), blood pressure (r = −0.299/ −0.374), use of iron (r = −0.333), lipid levels (r = −0.281/ −0.276) and HADS-D score (r = −0.276) inversely associated with IIEF score (p < .05). To conclude, sexual dysfunction is more common in patients who receive PD therapy than those who receive HD therapy. Older age, higher blood pressure, iron treatment, higher lipid levels and the presence of depression were associated with higher prevalance of sexual dysfunction.     

阴茎海绵体注射结合声视觉性刺激在实时超声诊断血管性勃起功能障碍中的意义

目的探讨阴茎海绵体注射(ICI)结合声视觉性刺激(AVSS)在实时超声诊断血管性勃起功能障碍中的应用价值.方法200名门诊诊断勃起功能障碍(ED)患者.每位患者均先后接受A、B两次实时超声阴茎检查.A即在单独ICI下完成,B即在ICI结合AVSS下完成.检查间隔时间为一周.检查指标包括检测ICI后第5、10、20min的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期峰值流速(EDV)、血流阻力指数(RI).结果 A测试中,静脉性ED患者,EDV指标在检测ICI后的第10min明显高于其他时间段,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).B测试中,动脉性ED患者,PSV 指标各时间段差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且动静脉混合型ED患者,EDV指标在ICI后第5min明显高于其他时间段,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).通过超声检查诊断,A测试中动脉性、静脉性、动静脉混合型以及非血管性ED的情况是34例(17%)、35例(17.5%)、31例(15.5%)和100例(50%);而在B测试中各组情况是27例(13.5%)、44例(22%)、7例(3.5%)和122例(60.7%).两次检测比较发现,A测试中,动静脉混合型ED显著高于B测试,而B测试中非血管性ED显著高于A测试(P<0.05).结论实时超声检测中联合应用ICI和AVSS可提高阴茎勃起反应,这种方法有助于提高超声评估阴茎海绵体血管功能的准确性.     

Regaining of morning erection and sexual confidence in patients with erectile dysfunction

Aim:To investigate how erectile dysfunction(ED)medications affect morning erection in patients with ED and howthey respond to the return of morning erection.Methods:This study was conducted in 120 patients who experi-enced successful intercourse with either tadalafil or sildenafil.Using a random face-to-face interview and a question-naire(about the quality and number of days getting morning erection after using the two medications),the impact ofthe medications on the morning erections was investigated,and the participants were asked about their feelings onregaining morning erection.Results:Of the respondents,81%(68% of those with sildenafil and 99% of those withtadalafil)experienced morning erections after taking an oral ED medication.The men who took tadalafil mainly for2 days with one dose,while those who took sildenafil experienced morning erections mainly for 1 day.The majorsentiment upon regaining a morning erection was,"having more confidence as a man"(74%).Among the 96 respon-dents who experienced morning erections with tadalafil,52% preferred tadalafil over sildenafil,not only because offreedom from concerns about a specific time to have relations,but also regaining morning erection.Conclusion:Regaining a morning erection affects the recovery of confidence as a man and influences the preference for tadalafilover sildenafil.(Asian J Andro12006 Nov;8:703-708)     

上海市1582例中老年男子勃起功能障碍流行病学调查

为调查我国中老年男性人群勃起功能障碍的患病率及其高危因素.本文用描述流行病学方法,采用多阶段抽样方法在城市一般人群中抽取上海市区40岁以上的男性居民1582例,完成勃起功能障碍自答问卷.结果1582例中ED患病率为73.1%,且随其年龄增长而上升,60岁以上者上升幅度尤为明显.影响ED患病率的有关因素是年龄、心理性、器质性疾病等.其中,内分泌疾病(糖尿病),心血管病变、泌尿生殖器官疾病患者中,ED发病率较高.经济收入状况与ED患病率有显著相关性,而教育文化程度与ED患病率无相关性.     

Endothelial dysfunction and erectile dysfunction in the aging man

Penile erection is a vascular event that requires an intact endothelium to occur. A dysfunctional endothelium is an early marker for the development of atherosclerotic changes and can also contribute to the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events. The pathogenesis of both endothelial and erectile dysfunction (ED) is intimately linked through decreased expression and activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and the subsequent blunted physiological actions of NO naturally occurring with aging. It is now well-understood that ED is a symptom of underlying disease rather than a disease itself; for this reason in the near future both general practitioners, internal medicine practitioners and many specialists will have to interplay with sexual medicine. Aging in the man is also associated with several changes in arterial structure and function, part of them related to the decline of circulating levels of steroids, that is, testosterone and estradiol. These changes may be responsible, in part, for the lack of efficacy of ED treatments. The recent discovery that chronic administration of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors may improve erectile and endothelial responsiveness of men previously non-responsive to on-demand regimes, and the knowledge that testosterone is one of the main modulators of the expression of penile phosphodiesterase type 5 isoenzyme, opens a new scenario in the treatment of men with ED and co-morbidities. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and its relationship with ED in the aging male, and to suggest possible strategies to improve arterial function with regard to sexual dysfunctions.     

In vivo effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) ethanolic extract on sexual performance and reproductive activity in male rats

Plants and plant-derived products have a long history in the treatment of sexual disorders. Rauvolfia vomitoria is one of such plant used traditionally for the enhancement of male sexual and reproductive activity. This study was carried out to elucidate the potential activity of R. vomitoria ethanolic extract on sexual behaviour and male reproductive function. Twenty-five male rats were assigned to five groups and orally treated with distilled water (control), sildenafil citrate (standard) and R. vomitoria ethanolic extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW) for 22 days. Sexual behaviour parameters such as mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL), mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (IF) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were recorded at day 0, 1, 8, 15 and 22. The reproductive function including reproductive organ weights, testicular histology and sperm parameters was also assessed. Results showed enhancement in sexual behaviour through significant reduction (p < .01) in ML, IL and PEI and significant increase (p < .01) in EL, MF IF and EF. The extract also caused an increase in sperm count, motility and transit. Present findings demonstrate the ability of R. vomitoria ethanolic extract to improve male sexual behaviour and reproductive activity in rats.