Proportional correlates of adipolin and cathepsin S in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes

BackgroundAdipolin and cathepsin S are intricately involved in pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prediabetes (PreDM).Aims & methodsThis cross-sectional study aimed to compare and correlate between these metabolic biomarkers as well as between them and adiposity, atherogenicity and hematological indices in MetS patients. Our cross-sectional study involved recruiting 29 normoglycemic MetS, 30 newly diagnosed drug naïve PreDM-MetS patients versus 29 lean, healthy and normoglycemic controls.ResultsAdipolin and cathepsin S plasma levels were significantly higher in both MetS (normoglycemic and PreDM) groups vs. healthy controls. Evidently proportional adipolin-cathepsin S association was markedly signified in 59 MetS participants (normoglycemic and PreDM). Distinctively unlike adipolin, inverse cathepsin S-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) but direct cathepsin S-monocyte count and its monocyte -to- lymphocyte ratio cross-correlated were marked. Notably unlike cathepsin S, adipolin was positively associated with each of FPG, A1C and TG, visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product and atherogenic index of plsama in the MetS pool of participants (N = 59).ConclusionsGiven the intergroup discrepancies in adiposity, atherogenicity indices and their correlations (as well as hematological indices) with biomarkers; this cross-sectional study cannot rule out either biomarker as an associative predictor or as a surrogate indicator and putative prognostic tool for the prediction/prevention and treatment of metabolism dysregularities.     

The effectiveness of pistachio on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes,prediabetes and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aimsPistachio nuts have been considered to improve dysglycemia. However, there are controversial results. This systematic review and meta-analysis carried out to evaluate the effects of pistachio nuts on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome.MethodsMedline/PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane library, and ScienceDirect were systematically searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used to conduct the study.ResultsSix RCTs were included in the review. Treatment with pistachio nuts exerted a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (OR = 1.7, 95% CI; 1.2–2.4, P = 0.002, I² = 0.0%, P = 0.731) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (OR = 1.5, 95% CI; 1.0–2.4, P = 0.043, I² = 0.0%, P = 0.617), but no significant improvement was observed in regard to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level (OR = 1.4, 95% CI; 0.9–2.1 P = 0.089, I² = 0.0%, P = 0.957) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI) level (OR = 1.3, 95% CI; 0.9–1.9, P = 0.133, I² = 0.0%, P = 0.776).ConclusionsPistachio nuts might cause a significant reduction in FBG and HOMA-IR, although HbA1c and FPI might not significantly improve in patients suffering from or at risk of T2DM.     

Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation could improve metabolic syndrome in prediabetic adults: A randomized controlled trial

AimsModulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome is suggested to contribute to the progression of metabolic syndrome associated diseases. This study was designed to assess the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on metabolic syndrome in individuals with prediabetes.Methods120 adults with prediabetes were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized parallel-group clinical trial. Participants were randomized to a multi-species probiotic or inulin-based synbiotic or placebo. Blood samples and anthropometric measures were collected at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome measures were the changes between groups in metabolic syndrome and its components' prevalence.ResultsA significant trend for a reduction in the prevalence of hyperglycemia in probiotic and synbiotic groups (p = 0.01 and 0.005 respectively), and hypertension in probiotic group (p = 0.04) was found. The decreases in metabolic syndrome prevalence were significant after taking probiotic and synbiotic supplementation as compared with placebo (p = 0.02). Also, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol level was decreased during the study in the probiotic group compared with placebo (p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe potential benefits of using probiotic and synbiotic for metabolic syndrome management in prediabetes have been supported by the results in the current study which might provide an important strategy to combat metabolic syndrome-associated diseases.     

Peripheral neuropathy associated with temporal arteritis

Peripheral neuropathy is described in a patient with biopsy proven giant cell arteritis. Sural nerve biopsy showed myelin and axonal degeneration. Such an uncommon manifestation was resolved with corticosteroid therapy.     

Association of physical activity with metabolic syndrome in a predominantly rural Nigerian population

AimsPhysical activity is an essential determinant of health. However, there is dearth of evidence regarding prevalence of physical activity in developing countries, especially its association with metabolic syndrome risk factors. This study assessed the association of physical activity with metabolic syndrome in a Nigerian population.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out on apparently healthy persons who are ≥18 years old. The World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect five domains of physical activity. Participants were classified as physically active or inactive based on meeting the cut-off value of 600 MET-min/week. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the Joint Scientific Statement on Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome criteria.ResultsOverall prevalence of physically active individuals was 50.1% (CI: 45.6–54.7%). Physical inactivity is significantly more in females (p < 0.01) and among participants >40 years old (p < 0.0001). Whereas individuals with metabolic syndrome appeared more likely to be physically active (OR = 1.48, CI: 0.71–3.09); physical inactivity showed to exist more among participants who were living in urban area (OR = 6.61, CI: 3.40–12.85, p < 0.001). Participants with prediabetes (OR = 1.69, CI: 0.62–4.61) and diabetes (OR = 1.91, CI: 0.65–5.63) were more likely to be physically inactive as compared to other metabolic syndrome risk factors.ConclusionThe high prevalence of physical inactivity in this study population is a clear indication that concerted efforts to improve physical activity may be required. However, it seems that metabolic syndrome is not improved by being physically active. This suggests that interventions directed at physical activity alone may not produce optimal efficacy in this study population.     

代谢综合征患者心电图QTc和外周血清离子浓度的研究

目的研究代谢综合征患者QTc及其外周血清离子浓度特点。方法从我院2005—2008住院患者中选择代谢综合征患者53例、非代谢综合征患者50例,共103例;年龄35-82岁,平均年龄分别为（62．65±15．23）岁和（59．67±14．92）岁。所有患者在安静、清醒、静卧状态下测12导联心电图,清晨空腹抽静脉血进行血清离子浓度检查。结果代谢综合征组QTc为（449．93±39．34）,显著长于非代谢综合征组的（409．19±20．74）（P〈0．01）,代谢综合征组血清Ca^2＋为（2．22±0．21）mmol／L,低于非代谢综合征组的（2．31±0．17）mmol／L（P〈0．05）。结论代谢综合征患者除了降血糖、血脂和血压外,还应关注QTc,以防严重心律失常。     

Peripheral neuropathy in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab treatment

Antitumor necrosis alpha agents have been successfully used for the treatment of rheumatoid and seronegative arthritis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, and severe cases of vasculitis. Several side effects have been observed in patients receiving these agents including hypersensitivity reactions, infections, drug-induced lupus, or demyelinating syndromes. The presence of peripheral neuropathy has been reported only in isolated cases. We describe two cases of peripheral neuropathy which occurred in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab treatment, one with multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block and another with axonal sensory polyneuropathy, reversed upon discontinuation of infliximab and intravenous gammaglobulin treatment.     

Peripheral neuropathy in tropical pancreatic diabetes

Summary Electrophysiological evaluation of peripheral neuropathy was done in 16 patients with tropical pancreatic diabetes (TPD) and the data compared with those of a matched group of 16 NIDDM patients. Peripheral neuropathy was present in 6 TPD and 5 NIDDM patients. Abnormal motor conduction velocity in the lateral popliteal nerve was seen in 9 TPD patients and in 8 NIDDM patients and biothesiometry was abnormal in 7 patients in each group. One TPD patient had an abnormal F wave in the lower limb. An abnormal sensory potential was recorded in the sural nerve in 6 TPD and 8 NIDDM patients. The study showed that occurrence of peripheral neuropathy in TPD was similar to that in NIDDM. Subclinical neuropathy could be detected by electromyographic recording in both groups of patients.     

Peripheral neuropathy in liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Neuropathy in association with chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, is recognized; however, there are differences in the incidence and type of neuropathy reported. The causal relationship of liver disease to neuropathy has been questioned. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence and character of peripheral neuropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. The effect of alcohol consumption, severity of liver disease and encephalopathy on the incidence and severity of neuropathy were also studied. METHODS: Patients having an identifiable cause of peripheral neuropathy, except alcohol, were excluded from the study. Patients with evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency or diabetes were also excluded from the study. In this study, 33 patients with liver cirrhosis were evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically to detect any evidence of peripheral neuropathy. Nerve conduction studies were performed in the upper and lower limbs using surface electrodes. These patients also underwent a detailed clinical examination. RESULTS: Clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy were found in seven (21%) patients. Nerve conduction studies were abnormal in 24 (73%) patients. The pattern of involvement was predominantly of an axonal sensory motor polyneuropathy. Neuropathy was found both in patients with alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related cirrhosis. The presence of encephalopathy did not have a significant bearing on the incidence and severity of neuropathy. The neuropathy was also not significantly related to the severity of liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: The present study reveals that a significant number of patients with liver cirrhosis show evidence of peripheral neuropathy, which is present regardless of the etiology of cirrhosis, and is subclinical in a majority of these patients. The cause of neuropathy was probably the liver disease itself, as the incidence and severity of neuropathy in the alcohol-related cirrhosis, although higher, was not significantly different from the neuropathy in patients with non-alcohol-related cirrhosis.     

北京地区职业人群代谢综合征患病情况与特点分析

目的研究北京地区整体职业人群中代谢综合征（MS）的患病率及其特点。方法采取整群抽样方法，调查北京市海淀区科研院所20岁以上人群共15387名。分别采用2002年美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第三次指南（NCEP—ATPⅢ）和中华糖尿病学会（CDS）关于MS的诊断标准对调查资料进行分析。结果按照NCEP—ATPⅢ及CDS标准，该人群中MS未经年龄标化患病率分别为9．9％和8．7％；经标化后患病率为7．5％和6．5％。男女标化患病率为7．6％，7．6％和7．7％，5．1％、两性的患病率均有随年龄增加而明显增长的特点。MS表现以脂代谢紊乱为主。结论本组人群MS经年龄标化患病率分别为7．5％（ATPⅢ）和6．5％（CDS）。北京地区MS患病情况应引起重视与干预。体重增加、体脂堆积为北京地区MS的成年人发病的主要原因。     

类胰蛋白酶与代谢综合征

代谢综合征是心血管疾病的多种代谢危险因素在个体内集结的状态,主要包括肥胖、糖尿病或糖调节受损、血脂紊乱以及高血压.近来研究发现,代谢综合征的发病与机体慢性炎性反应状态相关.类胰蛋白酶是肥大细胞中含量最丰富的颗粒蛋白,也是一种重要的炎性介质,它可通过促进炎性反应细胞的聚集、细胞凋亡、新生血管形成、基质蛋白重塑等多种机制参与代谢综合征的发生与发展.     

剖析代谢综合征组分间的内在联系

代谢综合征(MS)表现为一组心血管疾病危险因素的聚集,因其严重威胁人类健康而越来越受到关注.其发病机制末完全明确,围绕Ms还存在诸多争议.目前其定义并不统一,但涉及的组分相同.既往MS曾被称作胰岛素抵抗综合征,随着研究的深入,发现这种称谓并不恰当.胰岛素抵抗(IR)在MS的发生、发展中起了最为重要的作用,而并非MS的唯一病理生理机制.腹型肥胖与IR、血脂紊乱、高血压、高血糖、炎性反应状态密切相关.     

The role of hyperinsulinaemia in screening for prediabetes in the adolescent population: A systematic literature review

Background/aimsPresent screening methods for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) fall short of detecting prediabetes. This paper summarises the literature on the utility of insulin measurements (hyperinsulinemia) in detecting prediabetes in adolescents.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using EMBASE and Medline. Relevant data on hyperinsulinemia in the adolescent population is narrated.ResultsThe database search identified 174 potential articles; 106 underwent a full-paper review, and 36 were included.ConclusionElevated fasting insulin is a marker of impaired insulin resistance and pending beta-cell dysfunction in at-risk adolescents and can be an early indicator of prediabetes.     

代谢性核受体与代谢综合征

核受体中有一大类与代谢作用相关的核受体转录因子,主要包括过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(PPARs)、肝X受体(LXRs)和法尼酯衍生物X受体(FXRs)等.代谢综合征(MS)因其全球发病率升高以及与之相关的糖尿病和心脑血管病患病风险增加而越来越受到关注.许多研究表明,代谢性核受体与MS,包括胰岛素抵抗、糖耐量受损、2型糖尿病、肥胖、高脂血症、高血压之间存在密切联系,也参与动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展,已经作为MS的治疗靶点应用于实验及临床研究中.     

Relationship between serum levels of oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome components

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) with number of metabolic syndrome (Mets) components on the personnel working in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.

Peripheral neuropathy and ophthalmologic toxicity after treatment with cis-dichlorodiaminoplatinum II

Summary A 57-year-old woman with inoperable bladder cancer received radiation treatment. Thirteen years later she relapsed at locoregional, retroperitoneal, and mediastinal sites. During treatment with cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum II (DDP) 30 mg/day for 5 days repeated every 4 weeks) she achieved a partial remission. After seven courses of DDP-chemotherapy she complained of numbness of her hands and legs and of diminished visual acuity of both eyes. After 4 weeks these symptoms grew less but intensified severely after another DDP-treatment. The temporal relationship of neurologic symptoms and their intensification by the last administration of DDP suggest this drug to be the causative agent for peripheral neuropathy and ophthalmologic toxicity.     

我国2002年代谢综合征的流行情况

目的了解我国代谢综合征（MS）的流行现状。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法于2002年8～10月和9～12月在全国31个省、直辖市、自治区的132个调查点中选取71971户居民进行调查。测量调查对象的身高、体重、腰围和血压，测定空腹血糖、血总胆固醇、甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。完成全部指标测定的总人数为48556人。结果根据中华医学会糖尿病学分会2004年MS的诊断标准，我国18岁以上人群MS的患病率为6.6%。我国城市各年龄组MS的患病率均高于农村，年龄调整后城市男性的患病率约为农村的两倍，女性约为农村的1.4倍。有糖代谢异常的MS男性为44.8%，女性为47.8%;有血脂异常的MS男性为86.3%，女性为83.4%;有高血压的男性为89.2%，女性为91.0%。符合MS诊断标准的人群男性95.2%有超重和肥胖，女性93.1%有超重和肥胖。结论我国18岁以上的人群MS的患病率为6.6%，其中男性为6.8%，女性为6.4%。城市的患病率高于农村。超重和肥胖是MS的最重要的危险因素。     

骨保护素与代谢综合征

骨保护素(OPG)是一种分泌型糖蛋白,属于肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员,不仅在骨代谢过程中起重要作用,而且是重要的血管调节因子,能够保护血管内皮细胞,抑制血管钙化和动脉粥样硬化.代谢综合征(MS)包括腹型肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常、高血糖、高血压等.MS各组分均为心血管疾病的危险因素,2型糖尿病患者血OPG水平明显升高,但是OPG与MS其他各组分之间的关系日前还存在争议.