毛蕊异黄酮抑制氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖PC12细胞凋亡研究

目的研究毛蕊异黄酮对氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖PC12细胞凋亡的影响。方法将对数生长期PC12细胞随机分为4组:正常对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、毛蕊异黄酮组(Calycosin,0.07μmol·L~(-1))和尼莫地平组(Nimodipine,5.00μmol·L~(-1),阳性对照药组)。用CCK-8检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术和TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数;免疫荧光染色检测细胞Bax/Bcl-2比值;Western blot检测细胞凋亡蛋白caspase-3表达。结果与Control组相比,Model组细胞存活率明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数明显升高(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2比值和caspase-3蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05);与Model组相比,Calycosin组和Nimodipine组细胞存活率均明显升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率和凋亡指数均明显降低(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2比值和caspase-3蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论毛蕊异黄酮可明显提高氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖PC12细胞存活率,抑制细胞凋亡,其作用机制与毛蕊异黄酮调控凋亡蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3表达有关。     

肝X受体通过NF-κB信号通路减轻高糖诱导的H9C2细胞凋亡

目的探讨肝X受体(LXRs)是否通过抑制核转录因子κB(NF-κB)表达减轻高糖诱导的H9C2细胞凋亡。方法LXRs过表达慢病毒载体的构建及转染高糖培养的H9C2细胞;实验分组:对照组(5.5 mmol·L-1葡萄糖)、甘露醇组(5.5 mmol·L-1葡萄糖+27.5 mmol·L-1甘露醇)、高糖组(33 mmol·L-1葡萄糖)、GFP组、LXRα组、LXRβ组。检测细胞增殖抑制率,Bax mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA表达,NF-κB、Bax、Bcl-2、Cleaved caspase-3蛋白量,细胞凋亡率。结果过表达LXRs组明显降低高糖诱导的Bax、NF-κB及Cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达及细胞凋亡(P<0.05),上调由高糖抑制Bcl-2的表达(P<0.05)。结论 LXRs通过NF-κB信号通路减轻高糖诱导的H9C2细胞凋亡。     

槲皮苷通过Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制H_2O_2诱导人肝细胞L-02凋亡和损伤

目的探讨槲皮苷对H_2O_2处理的人肝细胞L-02增殖、氧化应激、凋亡及炎性因子表达的影响及其作用机制。方法将L-02细胞分为空白组、H_2O_2组、槲皮苷(25、50、100、200、400、800、1600、3200 μmol·L-~1)处理组。噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞存活率,4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,试剂盒检测活性氧(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,酶联免疫(ELISA)法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、活化的含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Cleaved caspase-3)、核转录因子E2相关因子(Nrf2)和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)蛋白表达。结果与空白组比较,H_2O_2诱导的L-02细胞存活率降低;与H_2O_2组比较,50～1600 μmol·L-~1槲皮苷细胞存活率升高;与空白组比较,H_2O_2诱导的L-02细胞凋亡率,Bax、Cleaved caspase-3、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达量,ROS、MDA、TNF-α、IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达量、SOD活性显著减少(P<0.05)。与H_2O_2组比较,100、200、400 μmol·L-~1槲皮苷明显减少细胞凋亡,Nrf2、HO-1、Bax、Cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达量,ROS、MDA、TNF-α、IL-6水平,显著提高Bcl-2蛋白水平和SOD活性,均呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。结论槲皮苷提高H_2O_2处理的人肝细胞L-02存活率,并抑制其凋亡,机制可能与其抑制Nrf2/HO-1通路和降低氧化应激炎症反应有关。     

芍药苷对醋酸铅诱导海马神经元凋亡及Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨芍药苷(paeoniflorin,PF)对醋酸铅诱导海马神经元凋亡及Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达的影响。方法 分离培养胎鼠海马神经元细胞,细胞免疫荧光染色鉴定纯度。MTT测定海马神经元细胞活力以确定醋酸铅最适造模浓度及时间,同时筛选合适剂量PF干预海马神经元凋亡。依据MTT测定结果,分为空白组、模型组和20,40,80 μmol·L^-1 PF组干预海马神经元细胞,作用24 h后,加醋酸铅染毒,检测细胞色素C (cytochrome C,Cyt-C)含量、线粒体膜电位及细胞内Ca²⁺浓度。流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blotting测定海马神经元细胞中caspase-3、cleaved-caspase-3、caspase-8、cleaved-caspase-8、caspase-9、cleaved-caspase-9、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平。结果 细胞免疫荧光染色鉴定结果显示分离培养的细胞为海马神经元细胞,且纯度较高。MTT测定结果显示醋酸铅最适造模浓度及时间为25 μmol·L^-1染毒24 h;PF剂量为20,40,80 μmol·L-1可显著改善海马神经元细胞活性,呈剂量依赖性。与空白组相比,模型组Cyt-C含量、凋亡率、细胞内Ca²⁺浓度显著升高(P<0.01),线粒体膜电位显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,40 μmol·L^-1 PF组和80 μmol·L^-1 PF组可降低Cyt-C含量、凋亡率、细胞内Ca²⁺浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01),升高线粒体膜电位(P<0.01),20 μmol·L^-1PF组可显著升高线粒体膜电位(P<0.05)。此外,一定剂量的PF可下调cleaved-caspase-3、cleaved-caspase-8、cleaved-caspase-9、Bax蛋白表达,上调Bcl-2蛋白表达。结论 PF可抑制醋酸铅诱导的海马神经元凋亡,可通过调控Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达发挥神经保护作用。     

吉马酮通过调控miR-297表达对H2O2诱导的小鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡和氧化应激的影响

摘要：目的:探讨吉马酮对H2O2诱导的小鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡和氧化应激的影响及分子机制。方法:分离培养小鼠海马神经元,将其分为对照组、H2O2组、H2O2+吉马酮低、中、高(50,100,200μmol·L-1)浓度组、H2O2+miR-NC组、H2O2+miR-297组、H2O2+吉马酮(200μmol·L-1)+anti-miR-NC组、H2O2+吉马酮(200μmol·L-1)+anti-miR-297组。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;蛋白质印迹（Western blot）法检测B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X（Bax）蛋白表达;丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）试剂盒分别检测MDA含量和SOD活性;实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测miR-297表达水平。结果:吉马酮低、中、高浓度处理后,H2O2诱导的小鼠海马神经元中细胞凋亡率、Bax表达水平和MDA含量降低,Bcl-2表达水平、SOD活性和miR-297表达水平升高,且呈浓度依赖性（P<0.05）。miR-297过表达可降低H2O2诱导的海马神经元细胞凋亡率和MDA含量,提高SOD活性（P<0.05）。抑制miR-297表达逆转了吉马酮对H2O2诱导的海马神经元细胞凋亡和氧化应激的作用。结论:吉马酮可能通过上调miR-297表达抑制H2O2诱导的小鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡和氧化应激。     

氯胺酮诱导大鼠海马神经元凋亡及机制

目的 研究氯胺酮对SD大鼠海马神经元的凋亡诱导作用,并探究其作用机制.方法 培养SD大鼠海马神经元细胞,将对数生长期的大鼠海马神经元分为对照组(不加氯胺酮)和实验组(加氯胺酮且其终浓度分别为10、20 μmol/L).24h后,缩胆囊素8肽(CCK-8)法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,蛋白质印迹法检测蛋白phospho-细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(P-ERK)、Bax、Bcl-2的表达.结果 10、20 μmol/L实验组神经元的存活率分别为(73.7±1.5)％和(58.2±2.4)％,明显低于对照组的(97.2±1.8)％(P＜0.05);凋亡率分别为(24.5±7.4)％和(34.7±4.9)％,明显高于对照组的(4.7±2.3)％(P＜0.05);P-ERK、Bax表达量增加,Bcl-2表达量减少.结论 氯胺酮能够诱导大鼠海马神经元凋亡,可能是通过激活P-ERK、改变Bax/Bcl-2比值实现的.     

丁苯酞抑制原代大鼠海马神经元氧糖剥夺/复氧诱导的凋亡

目的:观察丁苯酞对氧糖剥夺/复氧(oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation,OGD/R)诱导的SD大鼠原代培养海马神经元损伤的保护作用。方法:原代培养新生24 h内SD乳鼠海马神经元,建立氧糖剥夺30 min/复氧8 h海马神经元损伤模型。实验分为正常对照组、OGD/R模型组、丁苯酞低、中、高剂量组(0.1,1,10μmol·L-1)。采用Hoechest33258染色测定细胞凋亡,免疫细胞化学检测各组细胞中Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况。结果:与OGD/R模型组比较,各丁苯酞给药物组神经元凋亡率均不同程度降低(P<0.01),且随药物浓度升高而降低;Bcl-2蛋白表达不同程度地增高(P<0.01),且随药物浓度升高而升高。结论:丁苯酞能抑制OGD/R诱导的海马神经元细胞凋亡,其可能通过增加神经元内Bcl-2凋亡抑制蛋白的表达而抑制凋亡,进而保护神经元。     

阿魏酸钠通过JNK信号传导通路对抗Aβ_(1-42)引起的海马神经元凋亡

目的研究阿魏酸钠(SF)对Aβ1-42所致培养海马神经元凋亡的抑制作用及机制。方法原代培养海马神经元,SF(50、100、200μmol.L-1)预处理6 h后,加入50 nmol.L-1的Aβ1-42作用72 h,JNK阻断剂SP600125(5μmol.L-1)在加入SF前30 min加入,Hoechst33258核染色观察细胞凋亡变化,ELISA法检测细胞色素C释放量,Western蛋白印迹法检测神经元Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3及JNK蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,Aβ1-42组海马神经元细胞的凋亡率及释放的细胞色素C含量明显增加(P<0.01),Bax与bcl-2蛋白表达比值,磷酸化的Caspase-3及磷酸化JNK蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.01)。应用SF(50、100、200μmol.L-1)预处理6 h可明显对抗Aβ1-42引起的海马神经元细胞凋亡、细胞色素C释放量,SF(100μmol.L-1)能抑制蛋白表达的改变(P<0.01),JNK阻断剂也能抑制Aβ1-42引起的这些改变。结论 SF通过抑制JNK信号传导通路对抗Aβ1-42引起的海马神经元损伤。     

对羟基苯甲醛对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的探讨天麻酚性成分4-HBd对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法复制大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型,各组动物脑缺血2 h,再灌注24 h,以神经病学评分、脑梗死体积评价4-HBd对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用;化学法(连二亚硫酸钠)复制原代皮层神经元OGD/Rep损伤模型,检测细胞存活率、MDA含量、SOD活性、NO释放量以及Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3蛋白的表达,探讨其脑保护作用的可能机制。结果 4-HBd可降低MCAO/R模型大鼠的神经病学评分(P<0.05)、脑梗死体积(P<0.01),提高OGD/Rep损伤原代皮层神经元的细胞存活率(P<0.05)、SOD的活性(P<0.05),降低模型细胞MDA的含量(P<0.05)、NO的释放量(P<0.05),并能下调模型细胞Bax的表达水平(P<0.05)、上调Bcl-2的表达水平(P<0.05),下调Bax/Bcl-2的比值(P<0.05),最终下调caspase-3的表达水平(P<0.05)。结论 4-HBd对脑缺血/再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与提高SOD活性、降低MDA含量、减少NO释放、下调Bax蛋白表达、上调Bcl-2蛋白表达、下调caspase-3蛋白表达,进而对抗神经细胞凋亡有关。     

锰超氧化物歧化酶模拟化合物对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的观察Mn SOD模拟化合物(Mn SODm)对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法体外培养人胃癌MGC-803细胞,MTT法观察Mn SODm对MGC-803细胞增殖的影响;用Hoechst33258染色观察MGC-803细胞形态学的变化;Annexin V-FITC/PI检测MGC-803细胞凋亡;Western blot法检测p53、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达。结果 MTT法检测结果显示1~20μg·m L~(-1)Mn SODm对MGC-803细胞有显著的抑制作用,24、48、72 h的IC50分别为10.18、6.93和5.05μg·m L~(-1);20μg·m L~(-1)Mn SODm作用细胞48 h后,细胞凋亡率为(69.33±4.07)%(P<0.01);Western blot结果显示,用5、10、20μg·m L~(-1) Mn SODm处理细胞48 h后,Bcl-2表达显著降低,同时p53、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9和Bax表达显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 Mn SODm对人胃癌MGC-803细胞有明显的抑制作用,可能是通过下调Bcl-2表达,增加p53、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9和Bax表达来诱导MGC-803细胞凋亡。     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.