绝经后妇女骨质疏松性椎体骨折与腰椎骨密度的关系

目的探讨绝经后妇女骨质疏松性椎体骨折与腰椎骨密度的关系。方法选择骨质疏松性椎体骨折的绝经后妇女23例为骨折组,无椎体骨折的25例绝经后骨质疏松妇女为对照组。两组的年龄、绝经年限、身高、体重、体重指数差异无显著性,均行胸腰椎正侧位X线摄片。用双能X线吸收仪（DXA）测量的腰椎（L2-4）前后位骨密度（BMD）、骨矿含量（BMC）和T值。结果骨折组BMD、BMC和T值均低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论腰椎BMD降低与绝经后妇女的骨质疏松性椎体骨折相关。绝经后骨质疏松妇女应重视BMD变化,预防椎体骨折的发生。     

DXA影像评估绝经后女性椎体骨折

目的：做骨密度检测时,应用椎体骨折评估软件发现椎体骨折,提高椎体骨折诊断率。方法连续对217例≥50岁绝经后女性做股骨近端骨密度检测时,行胸腰椎侧位扫描,应用椎体骨折评估软件发现椎体骨折。根据骨密度T值分为T＞－2．5组和T≤－2．5组,年龄分为50～59岁组、60～69岁组和≥70岁组,绝经年限分为0～9年组、10～19年组和≥20年组,分析骨密度、年龄和绝经年限对椎体骨折率的影响,为了了解VFA对椎体骨折的评估的一致性,由同一位研究人员间隔2个月后再次对影像进行评估,采用Kappp统计方法行重复性检验。结果骨密度T＞－2．5患者椎体骨折率为21．6％,T≤－2．5患者椎体骨折率34．8％;各年龄组椎体骨折率：50－59岁为12．5％,60－69岁为25．6％,≥70岁为44．8％;绝经年限长的女性椎体骨折率显著升高。重复性检验提示一致性强度极强。结论对绝经后女性做骨密度检测时,同时进行椎体骨折评估有利于提高椎体骨折和骨质疏松诊断率。     

绝经后女性躯干肌指数与骨质疏松性椎体骨折的相关性

目的 探索绝经后女性躯干肌指数与骨质疏松性椎体骨折（osteoporotic vertebral fracture,OVF）的相关性,为骨质疏松性骨折的防治提供新的思路。方法 共纳入424名绝经后女性,其中OVF 212例,骨质疏松症（无OVF）212例,评估其临床因素,测量骨密度、四肢及躯干肌量。采用多元Logistic回归分析躯干肌指数与OVF之间的相关性。结果 与无OVF相比,OVF女性的躯干肌量及躯干肌指数较低（15.99±2.04 vs. 16.72±2.22;6.76±0.72 vs. 7.09±0.85）。调整骨质疏松症的传统危险因素后,躯干肌指数与腰椎骨密度呈正相关（r=0.186,P＜0.001）,躯干肌指数是OVF的保护因素（P=0.037,OR=0.684,95% CI：0.478～0.978）,基于躯干肌指数,OVF的患病率在4个四分位中呈显著下降趋势。结论 在昆山地区绝经后妇女中,躯干肌指数与腰椎骨密度及OVF密切相关。保持较高的躯干肌指数可能有利于减少OVF的发生。躯干肌指数与腰椎骨密度及OVF的相关性暗示了肌肉与骨骼的内在关联。     

绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体骨折与腰椎体骨密度的相关性

随着我国步入老龄化社会,骨质疏松症的患病率明显升高。骨质疏松症最严重的危害来自骨质疏松性骨折,绝经后女性尤其多见。由于脊柱独特的解剖学和生物力学特点,骨质疏松患者更易发生椎体骨折。骨密度测量是诊断骨质疏松的金标准。本文通过回顾近年来相关文献,探讨腰椎体骨密度检测对绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体骨折的意义,发现:绝经后骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者的BMD水平比绝经后骨质疏松症但无脊椎骨折者明显减少;绝经后骨质疏松症患者的BMD水平越低,其发生椎体骨折的风险越高;有椎体骨折史的绝经后骨质疏松症患者的BMD水平与发生再次椎体骨折的风险呈负相关。药物干预通常可明显提高绝经后骨质疏松症患者的BMD水平,同时还可减少椎体骨折的发生。尚存在一些不足:腰椎骨密度可能出现假性增高;需进一步探讨预测骨质疏松性椎体骨折的骨密度阈值;药物干预的研究中BMD水平与椎体骨折发生的相关性并没有得到深入研究;缺少大规模的绝经后骨质疏松性椎体骨折的流行病学,现有研究也大都存在病例收集方法不规范、样本量小、年龄分布存在差异等不足。对绝经后骨质疏松性椎体骨折的深入研究需要多学科共同协作。     

绝经后妇女前白蛋白水平与骨质疏松性椎体骨折的关系

目的　营养在骨质疏松性椎体骨折(ｏｓｔｅｏｐｏｒｏｔｉｃ ｖｅｒｔｅｂｒａｌ ｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅ?ＯＶＦ)的预防和治疗中起着重要作用? 前白蛋白是营养状况评估中常用的临床参数? 本研究目的是探讨绝经后妇女中前白蛋白水平和ＯＶＦ 的相关性? 方法　在这项基于医院的横断面研究中?纳入１ １０３ 名绝经后妇女?平均年龄(６７?? ９±８?? ８)岁? 评估临床因素?测量前白蛋白水平和骨密度(ＢＭＤ)? 采用多元Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 回归分析评估前白蛋白与ＯＶＦ 之间的相关性? 结果　与无ＯＶＦ 妇女(ｎ ＝ ４８１)相比?ＯＶＦ 妇女(ｎ ＝ ６２２)的前白蛋白水平较低[(１９２?? ７３±４９?? ２１) ｍｇ/ Ｌ ｖｓ. (２１６?? ７１±４４?? ５７) ｍｇ/ Ｌ]? 调整骨质疏松症的传统危险因素后?前白蛋白水平最高的四分位患者发生ＯＶＦ 的可能性是前白蛋白水平最低的四分位患者的０?? ３６９ 倍(Ｐ<０?? ００１)? 基于前白蛋白?ＯＶＦ 的患病率在４ 个四分位中呈显著下降趋势? 同时?前白蛋白水平与ＢＭＤ 显著相关(Ｐ<０?? ００１)? 结论　低前白蛋白水平是中国绝经后妇女ＯＶＦ 的潜在独立危险因素? 前白蛋白和骨密度之间的正相关暗示了营养和骨骼健康之间的内在联系?     

应用FRAX®预测绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床研究

目的比较骨折风险评估工具(fracture risk assessment tool,FRAX~?)通过不同部位骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)预测绝经后女性骨质疏松性椎体骨折(osteoporotic vertebral fracture,OVF)风险的准确性。方法回顾性研究2016年12月至2018年3月我院收治符合选择标准的287例患者,根据有无OVF分为骨折组和对照组。根据股骨颈(femoral neck,FN)与腰椎(lumbar spine,LS) BMD是否相差一个标准差(standard deviation,SD),分为BMD差异组和对照组。比较FRAX~?使用不同部位BMD的骨折风险预测值。以就诊时发生OVF与否为参考标准,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,比较FNBMD、LSBMD、FRAX~?、FRAX~?-FNBMD、FRAX~?-LSBMD预测OVF发生风险的准确性。结果 OVF组共计86例患者,OVF组FNBMD、LSBMD均显著低于对照组(P0. 05),FRAX~?-LSBMD骨折风险评分显著高于FRAX~?-FNBMD(P0. 05)。BMD差异组共计39例患者,其中31例LSBMD低于FNBMD,24例OVF发生在低LSBMD组。FRAX~?-LSBMD骨折风险评分显著高于FRAX~?-FNBMD(P0. 05)。FNBMD、LSBMD、FRAX~?、FRAX~?-FNBMD、FRAX~?-LSBMD预测骨折风险的ROC曲线下面积分别为0. 601、0. 719、0. 746、0. 810、0. 833。结论部分OVF患者存在FN-LSBMD差异,FRAX~?较BMD更能综合的评估OVF风险,有效的识别高危人群。同时FRAX~?-LSBMD评估OVF骨折风险的准确性可能优于FRAX~?-FNBMD,尤其是FN-LSBMD存在明显差异的时候。     

绝经后医务人员骨密度与椎体骨折的横向研究

目的通过横向研究探讨绝经后医务人员骨密度与椎体骨折的相互关系。方法从单中心医务人员中,随机抽取216名绝经后女性,通过双能X线吸光测定仪检测其骨密度,运用Genant半定量法评估椎体骨折,分析骨密度与骨质疏松性骨折、椎体骨折的畸形程度以及EQ-5D评分的关系。结果绝经后医务人员椎体骨密度的正常组、骨量减少组及骨质疏松组分别占27%、35%、38%;随着骨密度T值的降低,正常组(T≥-1. 0)、骨量减少组(-2. 5T-1. 0)和骨质疏松组(T≤-2. 5)的椎体骨质疏松性骨折患病率明显升高(P0. 05),分别为28%、42%和53%;椎体骨折组(无论有/无临床症状)的骨密度明显低于无骨折组(P0. 01);椎体骨折畸形程度越重,其骨密度越低(P0. 01),躯体伸展程度、日常活动、疼痛或舒适度的EQ-5D评分亦越低(P0. 05)。结论绝经后医务人员随着骨密度的降低,骨质疏松和椎体骨折的患病率增加,生活质量亦降低。     

椎体骨折评估在绝经后女性骨质疏松诊断中的应用价值

目的研究利用双能X线骨密度仪扫描的脊柱影像进行椎体骨折评估在绝经后女性骨质疏松诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾499名年龄≥50岁的绝经后女性行骨密度检测同时行椎体侧位扫描,分析骨密度及椎体骨折评估(vertebral fracture assessment,VFA)的检测结果,收集研究对象的一般资料。结果对499名绝经后女性进行VFA检测结果分析:(1)椎体骨折诊断率提高了41.1%,骨质疏松诊断率提高了6.3%,严重骨质疏松诊断率提高了29.1%(P0.05);(2)当骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值时,椎体骨折率明显升高,较骨密度未达到骨质疏松阈值的椎体骨折发生率提高了29.2%(P0.05);(3)年龄增加、绝经年限延长的女性椎体骨折、骨质疏松、严重骨质疏松的患病率显著增加,骨量显著减少(P0.05);此外,体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)降低的绝经后女性骨量显著减少,骨质疏松的患病率显著增加(P0.05)。结论骨密度检测联合椎体骨折评估可以显著提高椎体骨折、骨质疏松、严重骨质疏松的诊断率;骨密度越低,年龄越大,绝经年限越长,椎体骨折的风险就越高;随年龄增长、绝经年限增加、BMI降低,骨密度减少,骨质疏松患病率增加。     

DXA椎体骨折评价在骨质疏松诊断中的意义

目的比较双能X线骨密度仪的椎体骨折评价(vertebral fracture assessment,VFA)中Genant半定量法和6点定量法对椎体压缩诊断的差异,探讨联合应用VFA在骨质疏松诊断中的意义。方法对85名主诉有腰背痛或身高变矮的患者行骨密度检查(男12例,女73例),平均年龄68.1±10.4岁;女性绝经年龄49.4±3.4岁。同时应用VFA软件分析椎体是否存在压缩,分别采用Genant半定量法和6点定量法进行分析。结果骨密度采用世界卫生组织(WHO)诊断标准,诊断骨质疏松66人,低骨量14人,5人骨量正常,骨质疏松诊断率为77.65%。采用Genant半定量法判断椎体Ⅰ~Ⅲ度压缩76人,6点定量法判断椎体压缩64人,两种方法的椎体压缩诊断率有差异(P0.01),两种方法的Ⅱ、Ⅲ度椎体压缩的诊断率无差异(P0.05)。6例通过骨密度T值诊断的非骨质疏松患者用VFA分析诊断有椎体骨折(压缩Ⅱ~Ⅲ度),应用T值联合VFA椎体压缩Ⅱ~Ⅲ度诊断的骨质疏松率为84.71%,与单独使用T值相比诊断率有差异(P0.05)。结论使用双能X线骨密度仪进行椎体骨折评价时,Genant半定量法和6点定量法对椎体压缩程度为Ⅱ、Ⅲ度的诊断率无差异、一致性好。骨密度检查时联合行VFA可增加骨质疏松的诊断率。     

绝经后妇女椎体骨折与骨密度的对照研究

目的探讨绝经后妇女骨质疏松性椎体骨折与骨密度的关系。方法随机选择椎体骨折的绝经后妇女120例为骨折组，无椎体骨折的120例绝经后妇女为对照组。两组的年龄、身高、体重等差异无显著性，均行胸腰椎正侧位X线摄片。用双能X线吸收仪（DXA）测量腰椎（L2-4）前后位及髋部骨密度（BMD）和T值。结果骨折组腰椎及髋部BMD和T值均低于对照组（P≤0．05）。结论腰椎BMD降低与绝经后妇女的骨质疏松性椎体骨折相关，髋部骨密度值的降低在一定程度上也能提示骨折的危险性。绝经后骨质疏松妇女应重视BMD变化，预防椎体骨折的发生。     

Change in lumbar spine BMD and vertebral fracture risk reduction in teriparatide-treated postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Increases in lumbar spine BMD account for 30-41% of the vertebral fracture risk reduction with teriparatide treatment. The remaining fracture risk reduction is caused by improvements in non-BMD determinants of bone strength. INTRODUCTION: Changes in BMD account for a small percentage of the fracture risk reduction seen in patients treated with antiresorptive drugs. The relationship between changes in lumbar spine BMD and vertebral fracture risk reduction with teriparatide treatment has not been assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relationship between spine BMD and the risk of new vertebral fractures after teriparatide treatment was assessed using data from the Fracture Prevention Trial. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (n = 1637) were randomized to placebo or teriparatide 20 or 40 microg/day for a median of 19 months. Spine BMD was assessed at baseline and 18 months. Vertebrae whose fracture status changed during the trial were removed from the calculation of BMD. Baseline and endpoint lateral spine radiographs were assessed using a visual semiquantitative technique. RESULTS: Both the baseline and change in spine BMD were contributors to vertebral fracture risk. The mean spine BMD increase in teriparatide-treated patients was 0.09 g/cm(2) across tertiles of baseline spine BMD. Compared with placebo, teriparatide significantly reduced the risk of new vertebral fracture for all endpoint BMD values. Teriparatide-mediated increases in spine BMD accounted for 30% (in the low baseline spine BMD tertile) to 41% (in the high baseline spine BMD tertile) of the reduction in vertebral fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in BMD account for approximately one third of the vertebral fracture risk reduction seen with teriparatide. The majority of the risk reduction, however, results from improvements in non-BMD determinants of bone strength.     

外源性胰岛素与绝经后2型糖尿病患者腰椎骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨使用外源性胰岛素对绝经后2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者腰椎骨密度的影响。方法选取2018年3月至2019年8月在武汉科技大学附属孝感医院内分泌科住院的182例肝肾功能正常的绝经后T2DM患者为研究对象。收集患者的一般资料、标准OGTT、IRT及血常规结果。采用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰1-4椎体骨密度,根据T值水平将研究对象分为3组:骨量正常组(T≥-1,n=49)、骨量减少组(-2.5T-1,n=67)和骨质疏松组(T≤-2.5,n=66)。结果各组年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、外源性胰岛素使用率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。其中骨质疏松组年龄大于骨量正常组和骨量减少组,骨质疏松组BMI小于骨量正常组和骨量减少组,骨质疏松组和骨量减少组外源性胰岛素使用率低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,骨密度与年龄呈负相关,与BMI呈正相关(P0.01)。有序Logistic回归分析显示,使用外源性胰岛素[OR=2.402,95%CI(1.305～4.419)]和高BMI[OR=1.171,95%CI(1.068～1.283)]是绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的保护因素,年龄[OR=0.910,95%CI(0.875～0.945)]是绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的危险因素(P0.01)。结论绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度与血糖水平、胰岛β细胞功能无显著相关性;外源性胰岛素对绝经后T2DM患者腰椎骨密度的增加有益,其对骨密度的保护作用机制可能与内源性胰岛素不同。     

Systematic vertebral fracture assessment in asymptomatic postmenopausal women

IntroductionRecognition of vertebral fractures (VFs) changes the patient's diagnostic classification, estimation of fracture risk, and threshold for pharmacological intervention. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) enables the detection of VFs in the same session as bone mineral density (BMD) testing.ObjectiveTo study prevalence and risk factors of VFs using VFA in asymptomatic women and measure its effect on treatment recommendations.MethodsWe enrolled 908 postmenopausal women (mean age, weight and BMI of 60.9 ± 7.7 (50–91) years, 73.2 ± 13.2 (35–150) kg and 29.8 ± 5.3 (14.5–50.8) kg/m², respectively. Lateral VFA images and scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were obtained using a GE Healthcare Lunar Prodigy densitometer. VFs were defined using a combination of Genant semiquantitative (SQ) approach and morphometry.ResultsVFs were identified in 382 patients (42.0%): 203 (22.3%) had grade 1 and 179 (19.7%) had grade 2 or 3. The prevalence of VFA-detected fractures globally increased significantly with age and as BMI and BMD declined. A fracture was identified on VFA in 63 (28.3%) women with normal BMD (8.5% had grade 2/3 VFs) and in 145 (38.5%) with osteopenia (15.7% had grade 2/3 VFs). Stepwise regression analysis showed that presence of VFs was independently related to age, BMI, number of parity, history of peripheral fracture and lumbar spine BMD.ConclusionA high proportion of women with asymptomatic VFs would not receive treatment if screening were based only on BMD evaluation. Our results support the recommendation to enlarge the indications of VFA in the presence of risk factors such as age over 60, multiparity, history of peripheral traumatic fractures and low BMI.     

Preliminary study on relationship between vertebral fracture and aortic calcification in postmenopausal women

The prevalence of aortic calcification and osteoporosis increases with age. Several studies have postulated a direct relationship between the two disorders, suggesting that aortic calcification results from a redistribution of skeletal calcium in osteoporosis. We have undertaken a case-controlled study to reevaluate the possible relationship between the two age-related processes. Lateral spine radiographs of 122 postmenopausal Turkish women were analyzed to determine the presence or absence of vertebral fracture (n ₁=44 andn ₂=78, respectively). Abdominal aortic calcification was quantified in both groups using a subjective grading system (from no calcification to dense calcification adjacent to three vertebrae) and a semiquantitative method. Using the subjective method, the prevalence of aortic calcification increased from 41% in subjects aged 50–65 years to 78% in those over 75 years of age (И²=10.8;P<.005). The prevalence of aortic calcification was similar in women with and without vertebral fracture (60.0%vs 57.7%;P=.63). Using the semiquantitative method, there was no significant difference in the severity of abdominal aortic calcification between subjects with and without vertebral fractures (P=.74). Using logistic regression, the direction of the odds ratio suggested a greater risk of vertebral fracture in the presence of moderate or severe aortic calcification (1.3; 95% CI 0.5–3.9) and multiple loss of intervertebral disk spaces (2.0; 95% CI 0.6–7.4), but the number of subjects was small and the confidence intervals wide. These results do not support the hypothesis of a direct relationship between calcification and vertebral osteoporosis as a result of calcium redistribution in postmenopausal women. It is likely that factors other than vertebral deformity are of importance in the development of aortic calcification in the elderly.     

Osteoporosis of the spine: correlation between vertebral deformity and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relation of bone mineral density (BMD) or the age-matched z score and osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The radiographs and spinal bone mineral density of 131 consecutive postmenopausal patients were retrospectively reviewed. The vertebral fractures between T4 and L4 were graded. Sixty-two patients had no fractures, and 69 had 1 or more fractures. In the nonfracture group, the mean age was 62.6 years, BMD was 0.88 g/cm2, and the z score was -1.00. In the fracture group, the mean age was 69.6 years, BMD was 0.788 g/cm2, and the z score was -1.26. Patients with 2 and 3 or more fractures had a lower mean BMD than that of the nonfracture group (P < .01). The z score (adjusted for age) was significantly lower only in patients with 3+ fractures (P < .05). Patients with grade 2 and grade 3 of any fracture type had significantly lower BMD (P < .01). The z score was lower only in those with grade 3 fracture (P < .05). Our study indicates that the clinical use of BMD z score adjusted for age is a better predictor of severity of vertebral fractures than is BMD alone.     

绝经后女性骨代谢生化指标与骨质疏松性腰椎骨折之间的相关性

目的探讨骨代谢标志物对预测绝经后骨质疏松患者合并腰椎骨折风险的诊断价值。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪、酶联免疫检测法(ELISA)和速率法对70例绝经后骨质疏松症腰椎无骨折患者和70例绝经后骨质疏松症腰椎骨折患者的髋部及腰椎骨密度、各项骨代谢生化指标进行检测,并分析骨代谢生化指标的变化与骨质疏松症、骨质疏松性腰椎骨折之间的相关性。结果绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的发生风险与年龄、体重、身高、体重指数、骨密度等一般指标和骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID osteocalcin,N-MID)、骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phospha,BAP)、钙离子(calcium ionic,Ca~(2+))、骨吸收标志物β-Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen,β-CTx)等生化指标之间无关联,而与血清I型原胶原氨基端延长肽(propeptide of type I procollagen,PINP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRAP-5b)和25-羟维生素D(25-hydroxy vitamin,25-(OH)D)之间存在显著相关性(P=0.002、0.007、0.001),其中与PINP、TRAP-5b呈正相关,与25-(OH)D呈负相关。结论绝经后女性血清PINP、TRAP-5b和25-(OH)D与骨质疏松性骨折的发生存在显著的相关性,骨代谢标志物与骨密度的联合检测对预测绝经后骨质疏松腰椎骨折具有一定的临床意义。