戊型肝炎病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ与Ⅲ、Ⅳ基因型B细胞抗原表位的异同

目的：制备戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)缅甸株和墨西哥株ORF2重组蛋白(p166Bur和p166Mex)的单克隆抗体(McAbs)，用于分析HEV不同基因型B细胞抗原表位的特点。方法：将免疫BALB/C小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合，获得分泌抗-p166Bur和抗-p166Mex McAbs的杂交瘤细胞株，然后采用ELISA和免疫印迹法测定McAbs与不同基因型HEV ORF2编码蛋白p166的免疫反应性。结果：获得4株杂交瘤细胞株，即分泌抗-p166Bur McAbs的2G2、2B1以及分泌抗-p166Mex McAbs的D8G10和E5E12，其中2B1分泌的McAb仅能与第Ⅰ、Ⅱ基因型编码的重组蛋白结合，而其余3株分泌的McAbs既能与Ⅰ、Ⅱ基因型HEV的p166重组蛋白发生反应，也能与Ⅲ、Ⅳ基因型的p166蛋白反应。结论：HEV第Ⅰ、Ⅱ基因型与Ⅲ、Ⅳ基因型ORF2编码蛋白既有共同又有不同的B细胞抗原表位。     

基于幽门螺杆菌UreB优势抗原表位多抗原肽疫苗制备及其免疫保护作用

目的 构建串联式幽门螺杆菌UreB抗原优势表位UreB322和UreB527原核重组表达系统,制备UreB322和UreB527表位与多肽载体Poly-Asp-Lys的多抗原肽(MAP)疫苗并确定其免疫原性和免疫保护性.方法 采用连接引物PCR构建含肠激酶(EK)位点的串联式UreB322和UreB527表位基因及其原核表达系统.表达的目的重组融合蛋白8×[rEK-UreB322-EK-UreB527-EK]经EK水解后用Sephadex G-25柱分离rUreB322-EK和rUreB527-EK片段.采用碳二亚胺法将rUreB322-EK、rUreB527-EK与Poly-Asp-Lys载体分子交联,制备出多抗原肽疫苗MAP-rUreB322/B527.采用ELISA和Western blot分别检测各重组表位肽及MAP-rUreB322/527的抗原性和免疫反应性.采用幽门螺杆菌SS1株感染BALB/c小鼠模型检测MAP-rUreB322/527免疫保护效果.结果 获得了8次重复串联的UreB322和UreB527编码基因及其原核表达系统,目的融合蛋白8×[rEKUreB322-EK-rUreB527-EK]表达量可达细菌总蛋白的48％.肠激酶可将目的融合蛋白完全水解为rUreB322-EK和rUreB527-EK片段.rUreB322-EK和rUreB527-EK与Poly-Asp-Lys交联率高达92.5％.幽门螺杆菌全菌抗体及rUreB-IgG均能识别rUreB322-EK、rUreB527-EK和MAP-rUmB322/527并与之结合.MAP-rUreB322/527免疫小鼠血清抗体水平明显高于rUreB(P＜0.05).50或100μgMAP-rUreB322/527对幽门螺杆菌SS1株感染小鼠的保护率(83.3％和91.7％)明显高于等量rUreB(41.7％和50.0％)(P＜0.05).结论 本研究成功地构建了幽门螺杆菌UreB抗原优势表位UreB322和UreB527重复串联式编码基因及其原核表达系统,基于UreB优势抗原表位的多抗原肽疫苗MAPrUreB322/527能显著提高免疫保护效果.     

妊娠期血清HCG升高与妊娠并发症关系及干预的影响

目的探讨妊娠中、晚期血清绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）水平升高与妊娠并发症关系及干预的影响。方法选择516例（23-32周）初检孕妇抽取血清检测hCG水平,观察hCG水平升高组与并发症的关系,另选择同样数量82例hCG升高组予复方丹参、低流量供氧等处理进行早期干预,与无经处理之hCG升高组比较,观察其与并发症的关系。结果血清hCG水平升高组并发症（妊高症、早产、低体重儿、胎儿宫内发育受限等）明显高于血清hCG水平正常组（P〈0.001）;而血清hCG升高组的并发症明显高于hCG升高但进行早期干预组（P〈0.001）。结论血清hCG水平升高与妊娠并发症有明显的关系,而进行早期干预处理的,妊娠并发症的发生率明显减少,降低了围产儿的病率及死亡率。证明了干预处理对并发症有明显的影响,改善了妊娠结局是可行的。     

Mapping of B-cell epitopic sites and delineation of functional domains on the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of peste des petits ruminants virus

A recombinant baculovirus expressing membrane bound form of hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) was employed to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PPRV-HN protein. Four different mAbs were employed for mapping of regions on HN carrying B-cell epitopes using deletion mutants of PPRV-HN and RPV-H proteins expressed in Escherichia coli as well as PPRV-HN deletion proteins expressed transiently in mammalian cells. The immuno-reactivity pattern indicated that all mAbs bind to two discontinuous regions of amino acid sequence 263–368 and 538–609 and hence the epitopes identified are conformation-dependent. The binding regions for three mAbs were shown to be immunodominant employing competitive ELISA with vaccinated sheep sera. Delineation of functional domains on PPRV-HN was carried out by assessing the ability of these mAbs to inhibit neuramindase activity and hemagglutination activity. Two mAbs inhibited NA activity by more than 63% with substrate N-acetyl neuraminolactose, while with Fetuin one mAb showed inhibition of NA activity (95%). Of the three antigenic sites identified based on competitive inhibition assay, site 2 could be antigenically separated into 2a and 2b based on inhibition properties. All the four mAbs are virus neutralizing and recognized PPRV-HN in immunofluorescence assay.     

孕期沙眼衣原体感染与妊娠结局的关系

目的研究孕期沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,CT)与妊娠结局的关系.方法120例CT感染给予治疗的孕妇为A组;选择在年龄、孕周与之匹配因故未治疗的57例CT感染孕妇为B组;同期行围产监测的120例正常孕妇为C组.比较不良妊娠结局及宫内感染率.结果B组的自然流产、胎膜早破、早产、低体重儿、产褥感染、新生儿结膜炎、新生儿肺炎的发生率高于C组,P＜0.05,差异有显著性意义.A组与B组相比,其妊娠结局好转、宫内感染率下降,P＜0.05,差异有显著性意义.结论孕期CT感染可造成不良妊娠结局,治疗降低了宫内垂直传播率,应在孕前、孕早期常规筛查以便早诊早治从而改善妊娠结局.     

胎盘异铁蛋白的表达异常与妊娠高血压综合征的关系

目的　通过比较正常孕妇与妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )患者胎盘组织中胎盘异铁蛋白的表达 ,从分子免疫学角度探讨妊高征的病理机制。方法　用免疫组化染色法检测 30例妊高征胎盘组织 (妊高征组 )和 10例正常妊娠胎盘组织 (正常组 )中PLF的表达 ,通过高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统对其定量分析。结果　PLF在中、重度妊高征胎盘组织中的表达明显低于轻度妊高征和正常组 ,两者间差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　胎盘组织中PLF表达降低 ,导致母胎的免疫耐受的破坏 ,其异常的免疫反应可能是妊高征发病的重要机制。诱导PLF的产生或调节母胎的免疫耐受 ,将为临床治疗妊高征提供新的思路和方向。     

The relationship between colonization and haemagglutination inhibiting and B cell epitopes of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Passive immunization with the monoclonal antibody 61BG1.3 selectively prevents colonization by Porphyromonas gingivalis in humans (Booth V, Ashley FP, Lehner T. Infect Immun 1996; 64:422-7). The protective MoAb recognizes the j3 component of the RI protease of P. gingivalis which is formed by proteolytic processing of a polyprotein precursor termed PrpRl. This subunit is both a haemagglutinin and an antigen which is recognized by sera from patients with periodontitis. In this study the relationship was investigated between a colonization epitope which is recognized by the MoAb 61BG1.3, a haemagglutinating and B cell epitope which are recognized by sera from patients with periodontitis. B cell epitopes were mapped by Western blotting with a series of truncated recombinant polypeptides spanning the adhesion domain within residues 784–1130 of PrpRl and by ELISA using a panel of synthetic peptides spanning the same sequence. The epitope which is recognized by the protective MoAb was mapped within residues 907–931 of PrpRl, while serum responses of patients were directed predominantly to the adjacent carboxy-terminal sequence within residues 934–1042. The haemagglutinating epitope was mapped to residues 1073–1112. In view of our previous findings that the MoAb 61BG1.3 prevents colonization of P. gingivalis in vivo and inhibits haemagglutination, these two epitopes may be in proximity in the native protein. Active or passive immunization strategies which target the protective or haemagglutinating epitopes of the adhesion domain of PrpRl may provide a means of preventing infection with P. gingivalis.     

妊娠期糖尿病的临床治疗与妊娠结局的关系

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的临床治疗,并分析与妊娠结局的关系。方法比较我院30例经收入院治疗的GDM孕妇和同期因各种原因未得以收入院治疗的GDM孕妇的临床资料,分析围生儿的并发症的发生及孕妇的分娩方式与对照组比较,并进行统计学分析。结果治疗组新生儿窒息、低血糖、围生儿死亡、巨大儿及分娩方式与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论GDM应早期诊断和治疗,使血糖维持在正常水平是GDM治疗的关键,可以减少母婴并发症的发生。     

雌激素与妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症发病关系的研究进展

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症严重影响胎儿健康,是引起围产儿预后不良的主要原因。其发病与雌激素密切相关,目前认为雌激素水平的增高导致胆汁酸代谢异常,大量的胆汁酸在胎盘蓄积,影响胎盘功能从而危及胎儿,是妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症发病的主要原因,对雌激素合成、代谢、其受体表达及发病机制的研究有助于妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的预防、预测及治疗。     

产妇孕期被动吸烟与低出生体重病例对照研究

为分析母亲孕期被动吸烟与低出生体重的关系,采用群体匹配病例对照研究方法,对1999年3月-2000年4月间在沈阳市妇婴医院等14家医院分娩的非主动吸烟的产妇孕期被动吸烟情况与低出生体重关系进行分析.结果表明孕期被动吸烟可能是低出生体重危险因素,且孕期被动吸烟的时间与低出生体重发生存在剂量反应关系(x2趋势=32.42;P＜0.01).在控制产妇不良孕产史等因素后,被动吸烟孕妇分娩出低出生体重儿的危险性为非被动吸烟孕妇的3.176倍(OR95%,CI,1.868-5.401),且被动吸烟与孕妇文化程度对出生体重可能存在协同作用(协同作用指数为3.16).     

A differential ELISA based on recombinant immunodominant epitopes of the gE gene of SHV-1 in a baculovirus-insect cell system to discriminate between pigs infected naturally with pseudorabies and vaccinated pigs

In the present study, the fragment corresponding to the immunodominant epitopes of the gE gene (gEpi) from the CL15 Argentinean strain of pseudorabies virus was expressed successfully in a baculovirus-insect cell system that contained the M6 gene of Bluetongue virus, which encodes the NS1 nonstructural protein. This protein has the ability to polymerize into highly immunogenic tubules inside infected cells that can be purified at large quantities by ultracentrifugation. Previously, the NS1 protein has been expressed by fusing it to sequences derived from viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hepatitis B virus, bovine leukemia virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and influenza A virus. In the present study, a recombinant protein was obtained containing the gEpi fused to NS1 (NS1-gEpi) and used it as ELISA antigen for detection of anti-gE antibodies in order to discriminate between infected and vaccinated animals. This is the first report where gEpi was expressed in this particular baculovirus-insect cell system.     

The relationship between prostate cancer knowledge and beliefs and intentions to attend PSA screening among at-risk men

OBJECTIVE: To examine the level of knowledge regarding prostate cancer and screening, to investigate prostate cancer illness perceptions, and to test the efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) for understanding intentions to attend prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, when offered by a doctor or self-initiated. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty three men completed the PROCASE knowledge scale, the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire and a questionnaire developed to assess attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control over intentions to attend for PSA testing. RESULTS: Participants had a high level of knowledge and accurate perceptions of prostate cancer. Controlling for knowledge and experience with prostate cancer, the TPB accounted for 49% (p<0.001) of the variation in intentions to attend if recommended by a doctor. CONCLUSION: The sample of at-risk men were characterised by good knowledge, accurate mental representation of prostate cancer, and positive beliefs towards the PSA test. Components of the TPB accounted for statistically significant amounts of variation in intentions to attend for testing. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Beliefs about prostate cancer do not appear to influence PSA testing intentions; healthcare providers' recommendations may have the strongest influence on decisions to attend for PSA testing.     

尿微量白蛋白与妊娠期高血压疾病早期肾损伤关系的研究

目的探讨尿微量白蛋白（尿mALB）与妊娠期高血压疾病患者早期肾损害的关系,评价临床诊断价值。方法采用免疫散射比浊法检测40例孕32-34周孕妇尿微量白蛋白（尿蛋白定性均为阴性）,其中20例妊娠期高血压孕妇作为观察组,另20例正常孕妇为对照组。结果观察组尿微量白蛋白（25.36-8.15）mg/L,超过参考值阳性率60.00%。对照组尿微量白蛋白（8.18-3.85）mg/L,超过参考值阳性率10.00%。两组统计学差异有均有显著性。结论妊娠期高血压疾病早期肾损伤患者尿微量白蛋白明显升高,检测尿微量白蛋白可用于及早发现妊娠期高血压疾病的早期肾损伤,对及时干预,阻止病情发展有其重要的临床意义。     

The relationship between anxiety and depression

This article raises the question as to whether the constructs of anxiety and depression can be meaningfully separated. Through a review of the literature focusing on the mood states, trait models, and clinical syndromes of anxiety and depression, it is shown that the distinction may be more conceptually satisfying than empirically demonstrated. Implications of the equivocal empirical separation of anxiety and depression, and areas of research requiring further examination are defined, and a developmental model of anxiety and depression is suggested as a means of reconciling the confusion in the relationship between anxiety and depression.     

The relationship between mental disorders, quality of life, and pregnancy: findings from a nationally representative sample

BACKGROUND: The present study examined health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the prevalence of mental disorders in pregnant and past-year pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. METHOD: Data came from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Three groups of women (ages 18-44) were compared: currently pregnant (n=451), past-year pregnant (n=1061), and not pregnant (n=10,544). Past-year mood, anxiety and substance use disorders were assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV version. HRQOL was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-12). All analyses included sociodemographics as covariates. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that pregnant women were less likely than non-pregnant women to have depression and alcohol abuse or dependence; and less likely than past-year pregnant women to have depression and mania. Past-year pregnant women were less likely than non-pregnant women to have social phobia and alcohol dependence or abuse. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that pregnant and non-pregnant women had higher mental component scores than past-year pregnant women. Physical component scores were lower in pregnant women than in non-pregnant and past-year pregnant groups. LIMITATIONS: This was a cross-sectional survey and the causality of relationships cannot be inferred. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that pregnant women have a lower likelihood of mental disorder than both non-pregnant and past-year pregnant women.     

正常体重指数孕妇孕期体重增长与妊娠结局的关系

目的总结2009年1月至2010年1月我院产检的正常体重指数孕妇妊娠期体重增长的情况,并对其妊娠结局按不同体重增长情况进行分析,得出体重增长与妊娠结局的关系。方法对2009年1月至2010年1月在我院检查及分娩单胎的1382名正常体重指数的孕妇进行分析,按2009年Institute of Medicine(IOM)体重增长指南将孕妇进行分组,分为过少增长、正常增长及过多增长组,并随访妊娠结局。结果 1382名正常体重指数的孕妇体重过少增长、正常增长及过多增长的比率分别为11.43%、37.63%、50.94%。体重增长情况与孕妇受教育程度及社会职务存在相关性,三组妊娠结局进行比较,剖宫产率、妊娠期高血压(PIH)、巨大儿、低体重儿的发生率存在显著性差异,而妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、产后出血的发生率无显著性差异。结论尽管孕前体重指数正常,仍有超过一半的孕妇体重增长超过标准,且过多或过少的体重增长均会导致不良的妊娠结局,故妊娠期提供正确的体重增长指导对正常孕妇仍很重要。     

妊娠糖尿病规范化治疗与妊娠结局的临床分析

目的观察妊娠糖尿病患者经规范化治疗后母婴患病率及不同血糖水平对妊娠结局的影响。方法对86例妊娠糖尿病患者采用规范化治疗后,分析其妊娠结局。结果妊娠糖尿病规范化治疗后与正常孕妇母婴患病率无显著性差异;空腹血糖在4.0~4.8mmol/l、餐后2h血糖在4.8~7.0mmol/l、糖化血红蛋白在5%~6.2%范围内妊娠糖尿病患者母婴患病率最低。结论妊娠糖尿病经规范化治疗能减少母婴并发症,妊娠结局与血糖及糖化血红蛋白水平密切相关。     

VOSviewer软件绘制经皮穿刺椎体成形和经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形领域的文献计量学科学知识图谱

文题释义： 经皮穿刺椎体成形：通过经皮通道向椎体内注入骨水泥,是一种治疗椎体压缩性骨折、脊柱原发性肿瘤和脊柱转移性肿瘤等疾病的微创手术方式。 VOSviewer：是一种文献计量学分析的软件,可进行共被引分析、共词分析和文献耦合分析等,并可以将其结果可视化展示,进行科学知识图谱的绘制。 背景：经皮穿刺椎体成形和经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形是治疗椎体压缩性骨折、脊柱原发性肿瘤和脊柱转移性肿瘤等疾病的微创术式,自发明至今,在临床上广泛应用。目前尚无对上述2种术式的相关文献进行文献计量学分析和科学知识图谱绘制的研究。 目的：总结和分析经皮穿刺椎体成形和经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形领域文献进行文献计量学分析,并绘制科学知识图谱。 方法：对Web of Science数据库进行检索,检索时间设定为1985至2018年,检索式设定为TS= vertebroplasty OR kyphoplasty。将数据导入Microsoft Excel 2016和VOSviewer,分析文献发表数目、发表年份、发表国家、发表机构、发表期刊、作者、被引总次数(包括和不包括自引)、平均被引次数和H指数等。采用VOSviewer软件进行参考文献的共被引分析、作者的共被引分析和共词分析,并对其进行科学知识图谱的绘制。 结果与结论：①此领域研究是脊柱外科研究的热点内容之一;②美国在文献计量学各项指标均排名第一,提示了美国在此研究领域的统治地位;瑞士和英格兰在此领域发表论文质量较高,中国和意大利在此领域发表论文质量相对较低;③发表研究数目较多和质量较高的机构包括梅奥诊所、苏州大学、约翰霍普金斯大学、克利夫兰医学中心和伯尔尼大学等;④发表研究数目较多和质量较高的期刊包括《SPINE》《EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL》《AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY》《JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY》等;⑤发表文献数目较多和质量较高的作者包括YANG HL、KALLMES DF、PFLUGMACHER R、DERAMOND H、CHIRAS J、FERGUSON SJ和MASALA S等;⑥骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折、肿瘤、骨水泥、手术、生物力学和再骨折分别是此领域研究的重点内容。 ORCID: 0000-0002-8004-6687(黄天霁) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

The clinical relevance of human papillomavirus testing: relationship between analytical and clinical sensitivity

Given the fact that infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is causally involved in cervical cancer, addition of high-risk HPV testing to a cervical smear may improve the efficacy of cervical cancer screening programmes, the triage of women with equivocal or borderline Pap smears, and the monitoring of women who have been treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3). Compared to a cervical smear HPV tests revealed a superior sensitivity (ie clinical sensitivity) for lesions >/= CIN 3, and a negative predictive value approaching 100%. However, a potential complication is the availability of several HPV testing methods, all displaying a different sensitivity and specificity to detect HPV-positive women (ie analytical sensitivity and specificity). There is now compelling evidence that the clinical sensitivity and specificity of HPV tests are not simply synonymous to their analytical sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In fact, a distinction between so-called clinically relevant and irrelevant high-risk HPV infections should be made when considering HPV tests for primary screening, triage policies, or post-treatment monitoring. Here, we discuss the potential importance of HPV load in the context of currently widely applied HPV detection methods, to distinguish clinically relevant from irrelevant HPV infections. From this it can be concluded that it is of utmost importance to define criteria, involving viral load threshold and the type of HPV detection method that should be fulfilled by an HPV test before implementation of such a test in clinical practice and population-based cervical cancer screening programmes.     

肥胖与甲状腺癌的关系及其分子机制的研究进展

目的 总结肥胖与甲状腺癌的关系及分子机制研究的最新进展。方法 以“肥胖”“甲状腺癌”“促甲状腺激素”“脂肪因子”“胰岛素抵抗”“脂联素” 及“obesity” “thyroid cancer” “thyroid stimulating hormone” “adipokines” “insulin resistance” “adiponectin”等作为中英文关键词在中国知网、万方数据库以及PubMed等中英文数据库中检索 2021年之前发表的肥胖与甲状腺癌关系及分子机制的相关文献共901篇,剔除与内容不符、无法获得全文、重复性研究的文献,对最终纳入的37篇文献进行总结和分析。结果 流行病学方面的研究已证实,肥胖是甲状腺癌发病的风险因素。近些年研究结果表明,肥胖与甲状腺癌的临床不良病理特征存在相互关联性。肥胖与甲状腺癌预后方面的关系存在争议,其原因可能与随访时间的长短以及甲状腺癌外科干预的预后情况等有关。肥胖与甲状腺癌发生、发展的相关分子机制,目前仍存在较大争议,需进一步研究。结论 肥胖是甲状腺癌发病的重要风险因素,并且与甲状腺癌的不良临床病理因素相关,但肥胖与甲状腺癌预后的关系,以及肥胖与甲状腺癌发病的具体相关分子机制尚不明确,仍需进一步深入研究。