高效液相色谱法测定SHR尿液中犬尿喹啉酸含量的变化

目的 建立高效液相色谱荧光法测定尿液中犬尿喹啉酸(KYNA)含量的方法,观察不同周龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)及其正常对照大鼠(WKY)的尿KYNA含量变化.方法 高效液相色谱荧光法采用的色谱柱为ODS色谱柱,流动相为10mmol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(pH4.5)和乙腈(体积95:5),激发波344 nm,发射波398nm.选择4周龄WKY大鼠和SHR各4只、16周龄WKY大鼠和SHR各6只检测24h尿液中的KYNA含量,并进行统计学分析.KYNA浓度检测的线性范围0.220～33.000nmol/mL(R2=0.999 1),回收率为(90.37±8.47)%,日内差异为4.70%～9.40%,日间差异为5.20%～7.50%.4周龄WKY组24h尿KYNA含量为(41.251±22.663)μg/24h尿,SHR组为(35.387±10.814)μg/24h尿,两组问无统计学差异(P＜0.05);16周龄SHR尿KYNA含量为(39.511±15.985)μg/24h尿,较WKY组(90.690±42.189)μg/24h尿明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 高效液相色谱荧光方法具有灵敏、稳定、特异性高等特点,可用于临床检测尿KYNA.成年SHR尿KYNA含量较WKY大鼠减少,提示可能与高血压的发生发展有关.     

高效液相色谱法测定草酸钙结石大鼠尿中草酸含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测大鼠尿液中草酸含量。方法将SPF级雄性健康Wistar大鼠24只采用随机数字表法分为空白对照组(n=12)和乙二醇组(n=12)。空白对照组给予去离子水喂养,每天以1 ml生理盐水灌胃;乙二醇组给予1%乙二醇自由饮水喂养,每天2%氯化铵2 ml灌胃。造模28 d后收集两组大鼠24 h尿液,采用HPLC法测定尿中草酸含量,并与铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法的结果进行比较。HPLC法采用色谱柱Aglient 5TC-C18(250×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇(0.1 mol/L)、醋酸铵水溶液(15∶85)为流动相,流速为1.2 ml/min,紫外检测波长为314 nm,柱温20℃。结果大鼠尿液中高、低浓度草酸标准曲线分别为y=5909.1x+378730,R2=0.9984和y=7810.5x-16635,R2=0.9967;最低检测浓度为5μg/ml,大鼠尿液中草酸高浓度线性范围为62.50~2000.00μg/ml,低浓度线性范围为6.25~100.00μg/ml。平均回收率为95.1%,日内及日间精密度分别为3.4%~10.8%和3.8%~9.4%。HPLC法和铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法均显示乙二醇组大鼠尿草酸浓度和24 h尿草酸含量显著高于空白对照组[尿草酸浓度:(736.35±254.52)μg/ml比(51.56±36.34)μg/ml,(687.35±234.53)μg/ml比(50.24±42.34)μg/ml;24 h尿草酸含量:(11.23±4.12)mg比(0.87±0.45)mg,(9.89±3.55)mg比(0.77±0.65)mg;P均<0.01];两种方法检测出的尿草酸浓度和24 h尿草酸含量差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 HPLC法简单快速、回收率高、精密度好,与铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法检测结果一致,适用于大鼠尿中草酸含量的测定。     

p-MEK1/2与原发性高血压大鼠左心室肥厚关系的研究

目的动态观察p-MEK1/2在原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室表达,进一步探讨MEK1/2-ERK1/2通路在高血压左心室重构中的作用。方法对比观察各周龄SHR大鼠与WKY大鼠血压,心脏/体重比值变化;免疫组织化学方法检测左心室p-MEK1/2的表达。结果整个实验过程中,WKY血压保持在正常水平,SHR16、SHR24组动脉收缩压均明显高于同周龄WKY组(P<0.05);与同周龄WKY相比SHR24组的心脏/体重比值增加明显(P<0.05);SHR24左心室相对壁厚度明显高于SHR8和WKY24大鼠(P<0.05);WKY和SHR大鼠左心室p-MEK1/2蛋白表达量均随着周龄的增加而增加,但SHR16、SHR24明显高于同周龄WKY(P<0.05)。结论 MEK1/2-ERK1/2通路可能有促进高血压左心室心肌肥厚发展的作用。     

肾上腺髓质素对自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构的影响及与ERK1/2活化关系研究

目的:对比研究肾上腺髓质素(Adrenomedullin ADM)对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat SHR)心脏重构的影响及与ERK1/2活化的关系。方法:4周龄雄性SHR随机分为SHR组和SHR-T组,同周龄WKY大鼠作为正常对照。SHR-T组皮下注射ADM(每周5天,1.0nmol/(kg.d)),SHR组皮下注射等体积生理盐水,WKY组不作处理。在第4、8、16和24周龄时间点分别处死动物(每组4只),提取心脏做H.E染色和P-ERK1/2免疫组化染色。结果:SHR组和SHR-T组从8周龄开始血压显著升高,明显高于WKY组(P<0.01),ADM治疗至24周龄时,血压明显低于SHR组;随着大鼠周龄增加,SHR组和SHR-T组大鼠心脏/体重比值逐渐增大。16周龄后,SHR组和SHR-T组的心脏/体重比值大于WKY组(P<0.05),24周龄SHR-T组大鼠的心脏/体重比值小于SHR组(P<0.05);随着大鼠周龄增加,SHR和SHR-T组大鼠相对左心室壁厚度呈增加趋势,24周龄SHR组大鼠相对左心室壁厚度大于同周龄WKY组(P<0.05)。SHR-T组大鼠相对左心室壁厚度在16周龄后增幅放缓,24周龄时小于SHR组(P<0.05);随着大鼠周龄的增加p-ERK1/2在大鼠心肌中的阳性表达逐渐增加,24周龄SHR组大鼠心脏p-ERK1/2的表达率显著高于WKY组(P<0.01),24周龄SHR-T组大鼠心脏p-ERK1/2的表达率显著低于SHR组(P<0.05)。结论:ADM可一定程度减缓自发性高血压大鼠血压的升高和心脏重构,p-ERK1/2的表达量的降低可能参与了ADM发挥其保护作用。     

二氧化硫对自发性高血压大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞内质网应激的影响

目的探讨二氧化硫(sulfur dioxide,SO2)对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)主动脉平滑肌细胞内质网应激的调节作用。方法4周龄正常血压WKY(wistar-kyoto rat)大鼠7只作为WKY对照组。4周龄SHR大鼠12只分为SHR(spontaneously hypertensive rat)对照组及SHR+SO2供体(Na2SO3/NaHSO3)组,每组6只。5周后检测大鼠血压,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定血浆SO2水平,采用免疫组织化学方法检测主动脉平滑肌细胞GRP78和caspase-12的蛋白表达。结果9周时SHR对照组血压明显高于WKY对照组,血浆SO2水平显著低于WKY对照组,主动脉平滑肌细胞GRP78和caspase-12蛋白表达显著增高。与SHR对照组比较,SHR+SO2供体组大鼠血压明显降低,血浆SO2含量升高,主动脉平滑肌细胞GRP78和caspase-12蛋白表达降低。结论SO2可能抑制高血压大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内质网应激反应的激活。     

108例健康成人血清犬尿喹啉酸含量测定

目的测定健康成人血清犬尿喹啉酸(KYNA)含量,初步建立其参考值范围。方法随机选取108例18～58岁健康人,采用高效液相色谱-荧光法(HPLC-FLD)检测其血清KYNA及色氨酸(TRP)含量,同时计算KYNA与TRP(KA/T)比值,并探讨其与年龄和性别的关系。结果健康成人血清KYNA含量为11.85～45.32nmol/L,(x±s)=(23.30±8.31)nmol/L,KA/T比值为(0.22～1.03)×10-3,(x±s)=(0.51±0.20)×10-3。血清KYNA含量与TRP含量成正相关关系(rs=0.192,P=0.046),与年龄无关;KA/T比值与年龄成正相关关系(rs=0.333,P=0.000);性别之间,KYNA含量及KA/T比值差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论该研究在国内首次测定了健康成人的血清KYNA含量及KA/T比值,为该项目的临床及科研应用提供基础性数据。     

自发性高血压大鼠心肌重构与p38MAPK关系的研究

目的探讨高血压对心脏的影响及可能的分子机制。方法测量不同周龄Wistar-kyoto大鼠(WKY)和自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压值及心脏重量,显微镜测微尺观测不同周龄SHR心脏构型,透射电子显微镜观察心肌细胞的改变,免疫组化和Western-blotting方法观察p38MAPK和磷酸化p38MAPK在高血压心脏重构中表达情况。结果 8周龄开始,SHR组血压逐渐升高,并随着周龄的增加而增加(P<0.05),SHR组动脉收缩压明显高于同周龄WKY组(P<0.05)。16、24周龄SHR大鼠的心脏/体重比值明显高于4周龄SHR,同时明显高于同周龄WKY大鼠(P<0.05)。16、24周SHR组左心室壁厚度明显高于4周龄SHR也明显高于16、24周WKY大鼠(P<0.05)。SHR组,磷酸化p38在左心室肌表达随周龄的增加逐渐增加,在SHR24表达明显高于SHR4周龄组(P<0.05)。磷酸化p38在SHR组左心室表达明显高于同周龄WKY大鼠(P<0.05)。结论长期高血压可导致心脏重构,心脏重构改变随周龄增加逐渐加重,p38MAPK信号通路磷酸化可能参与了高血压心脏重构。     

精神分裂症患者血清犬尿氨酸和犬尿喹啉酸水平及临床意义

目的 研究精神分裂症(SZ)患者血清犬尿氨酸(KYN)和犬尿喹啉酸(KYNA)的浓度变化以及不同临床分型患者之间二者浓度的差异性.方法 采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)检测SZ患者和正常对照人群以及不同临床分型患者血清KYN和KYNA含量并计算KYN/KYNA比值.结果 SZ患者血清KYN水平[(2.148±0.605)μmol/L]与正常对照组[(2.108±0.592)μmol/L]比较差异无显著性意义( t =0.675,P >0.05),血清KYNA水平[(24.231±6.831)nmol/L]低于正常对照组[(29.420±7.595)nmol/L]( t =1.657,P <0.05), KYN/KYNA比值(111.496±23.797)高于正常对照组(80.330±17.639)( t =1.654,P <0.05).偏执型SZ患者血清KYN含量低于青春型,血清KYNA含量高于单纯型和青春型;青春型KYN/KYNA比值高于偏执型和未分型,均差异有显著性( P <0.05).结论 SZ患者血清KYNA水平和KYN/KYNA比值可为SZ的临床诊断和治疗提供实验室依据.     

高效液相色谱-荧光法在婴幼儿血清苯丙氨酸测定中的应用

目的探讨高效液相色谱-荧光法测定血清苯丙氨酸的临床应用价值.方法采用不经荧光衍生化处理的高效液相色谱-荧光法直接检测健康婴幼儿、拟诊和排诊苯丙酮尿症患儿的血清苯丙氨酸含量.结果51例1月～5岁的健康婴幼儿的血清苯丙氨酸含量为32.09～133.59μmol/L(x±s=93.1±24.1μmol/L).45例临床拟诊和排诊PKU的1月～5岁的的婴幼儿中,30例血清苯丙氨酸含量＜150μmol/L,排除PKU诊断,15例患儿血清苯丙氨酸含量为1070.8～2302.6μmol/L(x±s=1696.4±415.1μmol/L),诊断为经典型PKU患者.结论不经荧光衍生化处理的高效液相色谱-荧光法简便、快速、灵敏、特异,适用于苯丙酮尿症的诊断和疗效监测.     

卡托普利对SHR大鼠eNOS、iNOS表达的影响

目的 探讨自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHR)在高血压发展进程中,卡托普利对SHR内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)表达的改善作用。方法 以WKY(Wistar-Kyoto)大鼠为空白对照,SHR为模型进行分组实验,7～24周龄SHR灌服卡托普利(3.375 g/(kg·d)),后停药观察至32周龄。测量血压、左室质量指数(left ventricular mass index, LVMI)、主动脉舒张功能、血清亚硝酸根离子(NO₂^-)含量、iNOS、eNOS mRNA以及蛋白含量变化。结果 (1)不同周龄的SHR左室质量指数、血清NO₂^-浓度均高于WKY,主动脉的舒张度均显著低于WKY。(2)mRNA表达含量变化：与WKY相比,不同周龄的SHR的心肌和动脉eNOS和iNOS mRN...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.