无端猜疑的人

无端猜疑,在精神病学上称为“偏执”,是一种歪曲的信念、病态的推理和判断。由于猜疑偏离现实,对人、对事预先设置框框去取舍材料,总是主观地假定他人对自己有歹心,然后把一些互不相关的事情生拉硬扯在一起,这种无中生有、主观虚构的猜测的处世态度,定导致荒谬的结论。当其行为和情感等方面与现实状     

浅谈咨客中心疗法

近年来心理治疗也大力开展起来。咨客中心疗法,又名患者中心疗法,就属于心理治疗的一种方法,它的疗效可喜,有待积极推广。 我们先从咨客中心疗法的理论基础说起。存在主义认为:人是有意识、有自由和能够为改变自己或他人的生活而做出选择的存在物。人本主义心理疗法就是在这种基本观念指导下形成的。这些疗法把人的意愿、选择和决策置于治疗的中心地位,强调建立医患之间的相互交流关系,重视患     

梦见吃东西意味什么?

“吃”是人与生俱来的一种本能活动,如果梦到“吃”或者说“与吃相关的行为”究竟象征什么?它和现实中的“吃”有什么相似之处?这就是我们接下来要探讨的话题。“吃”最基本的象征含义就是获得满足,而获得满足的内容是因人而异、因梦而异的。有这样一个关于“三角关系”的梦例,     

南京监狱服刑人员心理健康问卷调查专家分析

触犯法律是一种社会适应不良的行为,因为法律是社会对人的行为的强制性规范,而犯罪意味着一个人不能将自己的个人需求与社会规范协调起来,他通过社会不允许的方式来达到个人目标,并因此而受到惩罚。从这个角度看,罪犯矫治的目的就是要提高其社会适应功能,促进个人健康发展和社会的和谐稳定。要想消除一个现象必先了解其根源。犯罪的原因是多方面的,从心理上看主要有以下几个方面:第一,犯罪者的基本需要没有得到满足,包括生理需要、安全感、爱、尊重等等。有的人很少得到他人的关心和温暖,从没有被人爱过,不知道什么是爱,也不知道怎么爱别人…     

生活意义疗法有利于癌症患者的康复

一、序言我们对一些疑难病症,如癌症施以生活意义疗法,并选择了5例予以分析。日本伊丹仁朗医师把它称做“有意义的生活疗法”,这种疗法,患者必须做到:1.把自己当作治病的主治医师,积极与病魔作斗争。2.把一天当中的事情要有意义地去完成。3.要有为他人做点好事的诚意。4.锻炼与死的威胁共存的坚强意志。5.生与     

“小心眼”:“心病”之因

古人云:“心大则百物皆通,心小则百物皆病。” “小心眼”,指的是气度过于狭窄,不宽宏,经常猜疑他人,容易为他人的一句话、一件事生闷气,斤斤计较,有时甚至会“无事生非”。从心理学角度看,“小心眼”是个人由于某些生理缺陷及其它原因而产生的轻视自己,认为自己在各方面不如他人的情绪体验。“小心眼”是影响人际交往的严重心理障碍,它直接阻碍了一个人走向社会,去与他人交往。     

拒绝的礼仪

<正>拒绝,就是不接受。在言语方面来说,拒绝既可能是不接受他人的建议、意见或批评,也可能是不接受他人的恩惠或赠予的礼品。从本质上讲,拒绝亦即对他人意愿或行为的间接性否定。在人际交往中,有时尽管拒绝他人会使双方一时有些尴尬难堪,但“长痛不如短痛”,“当断不断,反受其乱”,需要拒绝时,就应将此意以适当的形式表达出     

自闭症儿童的感觉统合训练疗法研究

目的了解儿童自闭症的发病特点及感觉统合训练的疗效。方法查阅相关文献,就儿童自闭症的临床表现、发病特点以及感觉统合训练的理论基础和在中国儿童中的疗效进行综述。结果儿童自闭症是一种严重的广泛性精神发育障碍,发病率较高,感觉统合训练在改善患儿语言、社交、感知觉和行为方面都具有令人满意的疗效。结论感觉统合训练是中国自闭症儿童治疗的一个有效方案。     

小学儿童校园欺凌行为调查

目的:了解小学儿童校园欺凌行为的现状,为校园欺凌行为的干预提供理论依据和现实参考。方法:采用欺凌行为调查问卷对西安市某小学688名学生进行调查。结果:小学儿童校园欺凌行为普遍存在,男女生均有欺凌他人的行为,且男生比女生更易受到欺凌(χ~2=25.573,P0.001);男生身体欺凌的发生率高于女生(χ~2=19.068,P0.001),而女生语言欺凌的发生率高于男生(χ~2=5.017,P0.05),但并无年级差异;欺凌他人行为的发生率随结伴人数的增加明显上升;被欺凌发生场所从高到低依次是教室(52.8%)、学校其它地方(47.7%)、操场(44.8%)、走廊或大厅(20.7%);自己被欺凌后,小学儿童保持沉默和选择告知他人的比例相当,告知对象的选择由高到低的排列顺序分别为朋友(53.0%)、父母(48.7%)和老师(43.6%);他人被欺凌时,70.93%的儿童有制止倾向;家长或老师对小学儿童欺凌行为的态度参差不齐,有2/3慎重其事,还有1/3不以为然。结论:小学儿童校园欺凌行为客观存在,且有其特点,欺凌教育的开展应充分考虑过程及对象的全面性和针对性。     

现实疗法的治疗技术

现实疗法是由美国的William Glasser博士提出来的,他认为现有的心理治疗方法无法使患者的心理症状获得迅速、持久的改变。现实疗法的要义是要求个体接受自己的行为,并为自己的行为负责,从而帮助他们获得成功和快乐。它强调的是:在积极卷入和支持性的对质中,个体能够学会更具建设性的、负责任     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.