Sixty Cases of Dizziness Due to Blood Stasis in the Collaterals of Brain Treated by Acupuncture with the Manipulation Method of Reinforcement and Reduction

All the cases enrolled in this series were from the outpatients between 2000 and 2001. Of the 60 cases in the treatment group, 37 cases were male and 23 cases female. Of the 30 cases in the control group, 19 cases were male and 11 cases female. All the cases ranged in age between 60 and 70 years with duration of disease of 1-2 years in 57 cases and 2-3 years in 23 cases. There were no significant differences in age, sex, and duration of disease between the two groups.     

For the health of the people—commemorating the 135thanniversary of the founding of the Chinese Medical Journal

<正>The year (2022) marks the 135th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Medical Journal. Over the past 135 years, the journal has witnessed tremendous changes in the health conditions of the Chines     

The Different Expression of PPARγ in the Artery Tissues of Hypertensive Patients with Different Ages

Objective: To study the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) in the artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients, and the different changes with different ages, especially to the hypertensive patients more than 65 years old.Methods: Collected the mesenteric artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients( ＞65 years old group and ＜65 years old group)and patients with normal blood pressure,using immunohistochemical analysis and image acquiring and analysis system to detect the expression of PPARγ in the artery tissues. Results: the expression of PPARγ in the artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients is higher than that in the patients with normal blood pressure( P ＜ 0.05), and to the group of hypertensive patients, the expression of PPARγ in ＞ 65 years old group is higher than that in ＜ 65 years old group ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: the expression of PPARγ in artery tissues is increased in hypertensive patients than in the patients with normal blood pressure, and increased with aging in hypertensive patients, suggesting that PPARγhas great relationship with hypertension.     

The Different Expression of PPARγ in the Artery Tissues of Hypertensive Patients with Different Ages

Objective： To study the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ（PPARγ） in the artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients, and the different changes with different ages, especially to the hypertensive patients more than 65 years old. Methods： Collected the mesenteric artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients（ 〉 65 years old group and 〈 65 years old group）and patients with normal blood pressure, using immunohistochemical analysis and image acquiring and analysis system to detect the expression of PPARγ in the artery tissues. Results： the expression of PPARγ in the artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients is higher than that in the patients with normal blood pressure（ P 〈 0.05）, and to the group of hypertensive patients, the expression of PPARγ in 〉 65 years old group is higher than that in 〈65 years old group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： the expression of PPARγ in artery tissues is increased in hypertensive patients than in the patients with normal blood pressure, and increased with aging in hypertensive patients, suggesting that PPARγ has great relationship with hypertension.     

Strategies of surgical treatment of the spinal metastatic tumors

Objective To study the clinical features, surgical treatments and the prognosis of the 103 patients with the metastatic tumors in the spine. Methods From Jan. 1996 to Dec. 2001,103 cases were treated by operation in our department, there were 62 males and 41 females, aging from 33 to 79 years old (average,59 years). The lesions were located at cervical spines in 34 cases, thoracic spines in 39,lumbar spines in 25 and sacrum in 5. The patients underwnet anterior, prosterior,combined or staged antero-posterior operations based on the location of lesions in the spine. Most of the patients were adopted vertebral reconstruction and internal fixation depending on the conditions. Preoperative clinical evaluation included of general conditions,X-ray films,CT scan.MRI and ECT in odrer to decide the endurance of the patient to the surgical treatment. The operation was only considered when the patient could have the expected survival time more than 6 months. Operative indications, surgical methods and prognosis we     

Analysis of long-term effects of the double strut bone graft for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head

Objective To analyze the long-term effect of the double strut bone graft for the treatment of osteoneerosis of femoral head （ONFH）. Methods The 366 adult patients with 466 hips suffered from the osteoneerosis of femoral head underwent by the surgery of the double strut bone graft from Mar 1988. The mean age is 32.2 years （20- 60）. According to classifying from etiological factors, the steroidinduced ONFH was in 68 hips, alcohol-induced ONFH was in 96 hips, steroid and alcohol-induced ONFH was in 32 hips,and the traumatic ONFH was in 10 hips.     

Experience of Dr.Zhu Peiting in Treating Cholelithiasis from the Aspect of the Liver

Dr. Zhu Peiting of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has devoted himself to the study of disease in biliary tract for more than 40 years. He thinks cholelithiasis should be treated as a disease with its origin in the liver, and his treatment has always resulted in good curative effects. The authors have the honor to follow him in his clinical practice and would like to introduce his experience in the treatment of cholelithiases as follows.     

Promoting the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the New Century

Reviewing the past,traditional Chinesemedicine(TCM)in the 20th century experiencedvicissitude.Since the founding the People's Republicof China,especially for the past twenty years,traditional Chinese medicine undertaking,full ofvigor and vitality,has made an unprecedenteddevelopment in China.The legal status and scientificstatus of traditional Chinese medicine and     

Clinical Application of the Du Channel

The authors have,in recent years,obtained quitegood therapeutic results in their acupuncturetreatment of mental diseases,heat syndromes andcerebrovascular diseases through treating mainlythe Du Channel with the methods of resuscitatingand regulating the mind,and clearing and activatingthe channels and collaterals.The illustrative casesare reported below.     

Study of the Effect of Two New Types of IUDs,TCu380A and GyneFix on the Positive Rate of Chlamydia Trahmatis

Among the agents causing sexually transmitted disease( STD) in the urogeniteltract,Chlamydia Trahmatis( CT) is the most common one. About three fourths ofpatients contracted by CT show no symptoms and it is just this character thatleadsto its persistent infection,covert spreading and the association with many kinds ofdiseases such as urethritis,cervicitis,perihepatitis,ectopic pregnancy and infertili-ty.In the recent years,researchers in the world have made an advance in investigating the r…     

Adolescent childbearing

The concern for the consequences of adolescent pregnancy are discussed. Childbirth among unmarried teenagers results in a higher incidence of low birth weight babies, a higher infant mortality and morbidity rate, a higher percentage of childbirth complications, a decreased likelihood of completing school, a higher risk of unemployment and welfare dependency, limited vocational opportunities, larger families, and vulnerability to psychological problems and distress. In 1988, 66% of all births to teens occurred outside of marriage. Out of wedlock live births to teens 14 years rose from 80.8% in 1970 to 92.5% in 1986, and for teens 15-19 years, 29.5% to 60.8%. 70% have a repeat pregnancy within the 1st year following their 1st childbirth. 50% have a 2nd child within 3 years. Most 2nd pregnancies occur in teenagers who are not using effective contractive methods, and the pregnancy is frequently unplanned and unwanted. The factors affecting the rate of 2nd pregnancy are age, race, marital status, education, and economic status. Teenage mothers tend to come from disadvantaged backgrounds, and childbearing compounds the poverty. Aid to families with dependent children 50% of payments were to teen mothers for the birth of their 1st child. Teen fathers are usually low income providers. The public costs are high. Some teen fathers abandon their children after birth, but many are interested in supporting their child. Specific programs to help prepare fathers are needed. Teenage mothers are stressed by child care arrangements, living arrangements, employment, school, relationships with peers, relationships with parents, housework and errands, health, finances, job counseling, community services, and child care information. Parents play an important role in guiding sexual involvement and early childbearing, and need to understand why teens get pregnant and to keep channels of communication open. Teens are influenced by media, peer pressure, lack of self-esteem, unhappiness, parents teen problems, lack of information, and drugs and alcohol use. Suggestions for a parent who thinks a daughter is pregnant are to know the symptoms, advise the daughter to go to take her to a clinic or doctor, use local resources for education and intervention, talk to the boyfriend about his responsibilities, seek peer counselors, provide role model for good parenting skills, provide support, and help the girl make informed decisions about parenthood by positing real questions. Many supportive publications are available from state and federal agencies (a list is included).     

先天性心脏病子代再显情况初步调查

作者等报道经上海医科大学中山医院直视手术确诊并矫治,其后生育子女的237例各种类型先天性心脏病的子代再显情况。先证者的子代先心病患病率为4.23％。不同性别亲代先心病者子代总的再显率无显著性差异,仅父亲患动脉导管未闭和房间隔缺损的子代再显率高于母亲患者的子代。亲子代先心病类型的一致率为41.7％,性别一致率为58.3％。     

声言自杀儿童少年的家庭和临床特征及社交能力调查

目的分析声言自杀（TAKS）儿童少年的家庭和临床相关因素及其与社交能力的关系。方法多阶段分层随机整群抽取武汉地区12所学校（小学、初中和高中各4所）的1975名在校7—17岁学生自评完成自编一般情况问卷和儿童抑郁量表,学生家长自评完成Achenbach儿童行为（CBCL）量表;根据CBCL量表91条目（声言要自杀）判定TAKS行为,用多因素Logistic回归筛选儿童少年TAKS的相关因素。结果儿童少年父母报告的近半年TAKS行为的检出率（95％CI）为4．1％（3．2％,5．0％）;TAKS与父母婚姻状况不良（OR=2．29）、父亲无业（OR=2．07）、父母经常吵架（OR=2．23）、父母曾很厉害地打架（OR=2．00）、经常被同学欺负（OR=2．11）、内向性行为问题（OR=2．28）、外向性行为问题（OR=2．50）和有抑郁症状（OR=4．83）显著关联;TAKS儿童少年的社交能力总分显著低于非TAKS儿童少年[（18．8±7．6）分vs．（20．9±6．9）分,P=O．007]。结论伴有不良的家庭因素、行为问题和抑郁情绪的儿童少年TAKS检出率偏高,TAKS儿童少年的社交能力也较差,TAKS值得临床关注。     

番禺区儿童家长免疫规划知识认知现状调查

目的了解广州市番禺区儿童家长对免疫规划知识的认知情况,为促进免疫规划工作和实施健康教育提供依据。方法自行设计问卷,采用随机抽样的方法对儿童家长进行免疫规划知识与信息来源调查。结果共调查962名儿童家长,其中母亲660人、父亲302人。小孩年龄、家长文化程度和家庭人均收入是影响家长对免疫规划知识掌握程度的3个重要因素。89.6%的家长通过医生告知获得免疫规划知识。本地户籍儿童家长在邻居(朋友)告知、宣传资料、村委(居委)通知和电视广播4个获知途径中均比外地儿童家长有较大的优势。结论应针对不同的人群制订出不同的宣传策略,加大大众传媒的宣传力度,提高家长的免疫规划知识知晓率,从而提高疫苗接种率。     

流出地校外青少年艾滋病相关危险行为及其影响因素

目的：了解流出地15~24岁未婚校外青少年艾滋病相关危险行为发生情况及影响因素,为对此人群开展相关健康教育提供参考。方法：采用整群抽样方法,抽取某县某所劳务培训和输出机构所有15~24岁未婚校外青少年进行问卷调查。以理性行为理论为基础设计结构式问卷,匿名,在调查员的指导下填写后当场装入信封回收。共收回问卷1 800份,有效问卷1 712份。利用Epidata 3.0建立数据库用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果： (1)流出地校外青少年艾滋病危险行为发生率较高,婚前性行为的发生率为18.0%,其中过去3个月中性行为从未使用过安全套的占27.3%,有多性伴者占30.8%,有过商业性行为者占31.0%,有过使用毒品经历占9.7%;艾滋病知识知晓率仅为25.1%;同伴环境较差;(2)性行为中使用安全套与艾滋病知识得分、性关系中能谈论安全套相关;发生多性伴行为与年龄、朋友中有多性伴者、对多性伴的态度、主观规范相关;发生商业性行为与艾滋病知识得分、家庭住址、朋友中有发生商业性行为、主观规范、商业性行为意向相关;静脉吸毒与年龄、艾滋病知识得分、朋友吸毒、主观规范、吸毒意向相关;(3)理性行为理论框架中主观规范和行为意向对校外青少年艾滋病危险行为的发生影响较大。结论：流出地校外青少年感染艾滋病的危险性主要表现为缺乏相关知识和应对不良的伙伴压力的能力,应帮助他们树立良好的行为规范,外出打工前期是对校外青少年进行相关健康教育的“关键期”。     

Child sexual abuse--children and families referred to a treatment project and the effects of intervention

The characteristics of a series of 274 families who were referred to a sexual abuse treatment programme were analysed. Information was obtained on 411 abused children and 362 non-abused children. Different forms of sexual abuse were noted, with 77% of girls and 23% of boys affected. Boys tended to be abused at a younger age, more severely, and for longer periods than girls. There was a predominance of lower social class groups among the parents, and a wide variety of family structures, with reasonable stability over time. Ninety six per cent of perpetrators were men, and biological and step-parents predominated. Contributing factors in both the family history and the current perpetrators and their wives included sexual abuse, violence, chaotic families, marital problems, sexual difficulties, alcoholism, and subnormality. Follow up of 120 families, 180 victims, and 226 siblings showed that prosecution occurred in 60% of cases, with a high percentage of perpetrators being imprisoned. Treatment was offered to 87% of families, but because the treatment programme was in the early stages of development a variable number of children and parents were offered family treatment or treatment in groups for parents and children separately. There was an improvement in the victim's circumstances in 61% of cases, and a noticeable reduction in "sexualised" and general emotional difficulties among victims, but there was reabuse rate of 16%. Protection of children was achieved through changes of family attitude and changes in family structure including divorce and separation: 14% of victims were rehabilitated to both parents, 33% to mothers only, and 26% to new families or other residences. Consensus in the family that abuse had occurred was seen as an important factor in determining which children could be rehabilitated with both their parents, with their mothers only, or with new families; which families could be offered or accepted treatment; and whether positive changes in the family occurred.     

高效家庭经济困难学生认定参考因素的调查分析

目的了解认定参考因素中家庭经济困难学生的现实问题,为构建认定指标体系提供参考。方法对719名家庭经济困难学生进行问卷调查。结果86．0％的学生家庭人均月收入低于410元;57．2％的学生家庭收入来源以农业生产为主;70．1％的学生来自农村和一般乡镇;70．7％的学生家庭人口数为4-6人;91．2％（94．5％）的学生父亲（母亲）为高中以下文化程度;64．0％（67_3％）的学生父亲（母亲）是农民;76．1％的学生拥有电脑;61．2％的学生存在日常生活不节俭的现象;80．9％的学生认为不应该抽查校园卡}肖费情况。结论家庭经济状况可作为量化分级认定的重要参考;大部分家庭基本状况内容可作为量化分级认定的参考;在校基本情况难以作为量化分级认定的参考,可行性差。     

Influence of Parental Factors on Sex-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice in Unmarried Youth

Objective To explore the influence of parental factors on sexual and reproductive health awareness, attitudes to pre-marital sex, and pre-marital sexual activity among unmarried youth Methods Data were collected by anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey among eligible unmarried youth aged 15-22 in Chengdu City, Southwest China during 1998-1999 and the study comprised of 3 307 valid subjects. Results Awareness of safe sex and contraception among unmarried youth was limited and their attitudes towards pre-marital sexual activity appeared to be positive. Large proportions of dating subjects were sexually active and reported ever-using contraceptives, regular or appropriate use of contraceptives was likely to be limited. About two thirds of adolescents had communication with their parents frequently, but fewer had communicated with their parents on sex-related issues, but they did influence the sexual behaviours of adolescents. In fact, it appeared that coresidence and extensive communication with parents on sex-related issues could delay sexual activity among adolescents, and the sexually active youth co-resided with their parents were more likely to take contraceptive measures. Conclusion Programmes are needed not only for youth to encourage them to communicate with their parents on sex-related issues, but also for parents to know the current sexual health status of youth and realize the necessity to communicate with their adolescent children about sexual and reproductive health issues.     

乙型肝炎病毒父婴传播的流行情况研究

目的:了解乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染父亲的新生儿群体中,HBV的感染和流行情况。方法:对230例慢性HBV感染的父亲和母亲HBV标志物(HBVM)阴性的新生儿进行HBVM测定,另一组无HBV感染的父亲和母亲的新生儿为对照组。结果:44名新生儿HBV DNA阳性(阳性率19.1%),对照组阴性。结论:HBV感染的男性其子代中有较高的HBV感染率,HBV可通过父婴垂直传播给新生儿。     

Association between depressive symptoms and parental stress among mothers and fathers in early parenthood: A Swedish cohort study

Aim To determine whether there is an association between depressive symptoms and parental stress among mothers and fathers during early parenthood in Sweden.

Methods In this study, 401 mothers and 396 fathers (393 couples) were included; the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Sense of Coherence Scale were measured 3 months after childbirth, and the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire and the Sense of Coherence Scale after 18 months. Complete data for multivariable analysis were available for 264 mothers and 252 fathers.

Results The mothers estimated greater total depressive symptoms and parental stress than the fathers did. Both the mothers and the fathers had the greatest level of stress in the sub-area ‘Role restriction’. The mothers had the lowest level of stress in the sub-area ‘Social isolation’ and the fathers in the sub-area ‘Incompetence’. The mothers perceived greater levels of stress than the fathers did in all sub-areas except for ‘Social isolation’, where the fathers perceived higher stress. There was an association between the parents’ depressive symptoms and parental stress. The parents’ own depressive symptoms at 3 months and sense of coherence and the partners’ parental stress at 18 months were positively associated with the parental stress at 18 months in univariable and multivariable analyses.

Conclusions Understanding the relationship between depressive symptoms and parental stress is important for health professionals so they can offer parents adequate support in early parenthood to optimize the conditions for raising a child. This knowledge should also be communicated to the parents.