五灵胶囊药效作用的有效成分

目的:探讨五灵胶囊产生药效作用的活性成分. 方法:分离肝细胞并建立肝细胞损伤模型,血清药效学试验证实五灵胶囊药效作用,HPLC色谱和紫外光谱分析含药血清中五灵胶囊化学成分,同时采用细胞药效学试验观察4种对照品的药效作用. 结果:模型组培养上清ALT,AST,MAO,MDA酶活性分别升高至(881.8±231.7) nkat/L, (1256.9±265.1) nkat/L, (32.3±2.3) nkat/L,(1.0±0.6) μmol/L,与正常组比较(P<0.05);五灵胶囊含药血清能有效地拮抗D-GlaN对肝细胞损伤,细胞上清液中ALT,AST,MAO,MDA酶活性分别降低至(421.8±288.4) nkat/L,(980.2±113.4) nkat/L,(21.7±5.5) nkat/L,(1.5±1.0) μmol/L,显著低于模型组(P<0.05);4种对照品能明显降低由D-GlaN诱导肝细胞损伤时所致升高的酶谱活性水平,对D-GlaN损伤的肝细胞有显著的修复和保护作用. 结论:醇甲、乙素、隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA是五灵胶囊阻滞肝细胞损伤的有效活性成分.     

五灵胶囊对LPS诱导枯否细胞释放细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨五灵胶囊对枯否细胞(Kupffer cells, KC)释放细胞因子介导肝细胞(hepatocellular cells, HC)损伤的作用. 方法:分离并纯化HC与KC并建立LPS及D-GlaN损伤肝细胞模型,观察五灵胶囊对2种损伤模型的作用以及对LPS诱导KC释放细胞因子介导肝细胞损伤的作用. 结果:五灵胶囊2个剂量能有效地阻滞LPS,D-GlaN损伤肝细胞以及降低LPS诱导KC释放TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8水平,抑制KC释放细胞因子损伤肝细胞. 结论:五灵胶囊遏制KC大量释放细胞因子是治疗慢性肝炎作用机制之一.     

复方五仁醇胶囊含药血清指纹图谱与保肝作用的谱效关系

目的：阐明复方五仁醇胶囊保肝作用的药效物质基础．方法：将大鼠灌胃给药分别制备复方五仁醇胶囊及五味子、三七、柴胡、叶下珠4味药的阴性制剂和单味制剂含药血清,对获得的9组含药血清按已经建立的指纹图谱条件进行HPLC测定,同时考察它们对CCL4诱导的损伤肝细胞的增值（MTY法）及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）泄漏的影响,最后进行谱效关系分析．结果：指纹图谱显示,单味五味子及三七、柴胡、叶下珠阴性制剂含药血清中均检测到大鼠灌服全方制剂后血液中产生的13个药源性成分,而五味子阴性制剂及单味三七、柴胡、叶下珠含药血清中均未检测到药源性成分;药效结果显示,全方、单味五味子及三七、柴胡、叶下珠阴性制剂含药血清对肝细胞损伤均具有明显的保护作用,而单味三七、柴胡、叶下珠含药血清及五味子阴性制剂含药血清作用不明显,且单味五味子与全方制剂含药血清组之间药效无显著差异．谱效之间具有很好的相关性．结论：复方五仁醇胶囊保肝作用的药效物质基础主要来自君药五味子所含有的木脂素类成分．     

丹参酮ⅡA等活血化瘀类中药抗内毒素作用的筛选

目的探讨丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参总酮、隐丹参酮、盐酸川芎嗪、阿魏酸、姜黄素、莪术油8种活血化瘀类中药成分抗内毒素的作用。方法实验分为药物组、细胞模型组（LPS诱导的细胞模型）、正常对照组、地塞米松组（阳性对照）。采用WST-8试剂盒测定丹参酮ⅡA等对内毒素模型细胞增殖的抑制作用;采用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中TNF-α和IL-1β产生的影响。结果丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参总酮抑制细胞增殖效果较好,对细胞增殖的抑制率分别为36.7%,33.2%,40.8%。隐丹参酮、丹参酮ⅡA和丹参总酮对模型细胞产生TNF-α有明显抑制作用,丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮和姜黄素对模型细胞产生IL-1β有明显抑制作用,与细胞模型组比较差异显著（P〈0.01）。结论丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮Ⅰ和隐丹参酮可不同程度抑制内毒素炎症过程中的炎症因子变化以及巨噬细胞的过度活化增殖。     

中药丹参药理的研究进展

中药丹参(SalviamiltiorrhizaBge.)为齿形科植物的干燥根及根茎,具有祛瘀止痛,活血通经,清心除烦之功[1],能显著增加冠脉流量[2]。由于它所显示出来的这些疗效,使它成为许多常用于心脑血管疾病中成药的一个重要成分。对它的药理研究也越来越深入。1丹参药材中有效成分的研究目前一般认为,丹参中具有活血化淤活性的有效部位有两类:脂溶性丹参酮类和水溶性丹参酚酸类。1.1脂溶性丹参酮类包括丹参酮ⅡA ,隐丹参酮,丹参酮Ⅱ,去氢丹参酮Ⅱ等成分。药理研究表明丹参酮ⅡA具有抗血小板聚集作用[3],抗血栓作用[4]和对实验性心肌缺血和再灌注损伤具有保护作用。丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠能通过钙拮抗作用减少或抑制异丙基肾上腺素引起的心肌线粒体钙超载,从而起到保护线粒体和心肌细胞因遭受高钙冲击而致细胞坏死作用,并能促进缺血心肌ATP的合成[5]。体内药代动力学实验表明静注隐丹参酮在猪体内分布较快,较广,消除较快,并可迅速代谢为丹参酮ⅡA[6]。1.2水溶性丹参酚酸类包括丹酚酸A -C、迷迭香酸及其甲脂、丹参素、原儿茶醛和原儿茶酸等成分。药理研究表明丹参酚酸类成分具有抗血小板聚集作用[7],抗血栓形成作用[8],改善微循环作用...     

丹参酮ⅡA药理作用的研究进展

丹参酮ⅡA具有多种药理作用,能对抗心肌急性缺氧损伤、抗心律失常、改善血管平滑肌功能,对缺血/再灌注引起的组织损伤具有保护作用。丹参酮ⅡA通过对肿瘤细胞的杀伤、诱导分化和凋亡、抑制侵袭和转移的机制发挥抗肿瘤作用。丹参酮ⅡA还具有神经保护作用,将对神经系统疾病防治有重要意义。     

复方五仁醇胶囊保肝作用的血清药理学研究

目的:建立复方五仁醇胶囊血清药理学研究方法。方法:建立CCl4诱导的原代培养大鼠肝细胞损伤模型,大鼠为含药血清供体,以含药血清对损伤肝细胞增殖(MTT法)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)泄漏的影响两个指标,结合含药血清中五味子乙素的含量测定,分别采用单因素考察、多因素的正交试验,优选含药血清的制备方法,并确定体系中血清添加量。结果:每天以成人等效剂量10倍的甲醇提取物间隔8h分两次给正常大鼠灌胃给药,连续3天,末次给药后2h采血制备含药血清比较合理,体系中加入10%该条件下制备的含药血清能明显提高损伤肝细胞的增殖能力、降低细胞ALT泄漏。结论:适宜条件下制备的复方五仁醇胶囊含药血清对肝细胞损伤具有明显的保护作用,血清药理学研究方法可以用于该制剂的药效评价。     

复方五仁醇胶囊含药血清药源性成分分析

目的:分析大鼠服复方五仁醇胶囊后血清中的药源性成分。方法:以已经建立的高效液相色谱指纹图谱分析方法,比较复方五仁醇胶囊含药血清色谱图和空白血清色谱图,分辨该制剂给药后血清中产生的药源性成分,并通过对照品比对部分成分进行鉴定。结果:灌胃给药后血清中产生药源性成分13个,其中8个为制剂原形成分,包括五味子醇甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素,其余5个为代谢产物。结论:复方五仁醇胶囊体内直接作用物质很可能出自血清中的13个药源性成分,结合血清药理学对其作进一步研究有助于阐明该制剂药效物质基础。     

RP-HPLC法测定芪参胶囊中丹参酮ⅡA的含量

芪参胶囊主要由黄芪、丹参、人参、茯苓、三七、玄参、水蛭等组成，具有益气活血、化瘀止痛功效，用于冠心病稳定型心绞痛证属气虚血瘀者。丹参为主要君药，主要成分为丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹参素、原儿茶醛等，其中丹参酮ⅡA为主要活性成分。丹参酮ⅡA的测定方法有高效液相色谱法、超临界流体萃取联用毛细管气相色谱法等。芪参胶囊原质量标准中采用薄层扫描法测定丹参酮ⅡA的含量。为了提高其标准，本实验采用HPLC法测定丹参酮ⅡA的含量，结果符合有关规定，可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定不同产地丹参中丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量

丹参为唇形科植物丹参SalviamiltiorrhizaBunge 的干燥根茎 ,是中医常用的活血化瘀药。丹参的有效成分可分为脂溶性的菲醌类成分和水溶性的丹酚酸类成分。菲醌类成分包括丹参酮ⅡA、ⅡB,隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ等四十多种成分 ,统称为丹参酮类。其中以丹参酮ⅡA 隐丹参酮含量较高。丹参酮具有抗菌消炎、治疗冠心病的药理作用 ,有丹参酮ⅡA及其磺酸钠盐应用于临床治疗冠心病的报道[1] 。中国药典2 0 0 0年版一部对丹参的品质要求作出了具体规定 ,即用HPLC法测定丹参酮ⅡA 的含量 ,含丹参酮ⅡA(C19H18O3 )不得少于 0 .2 0 %。1　药品、试剂…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.