肺腺癌组织中MACC1和c-Met蛋白的表达及其与患者术后复发的关系

目的 检测MACC1、c-Met蛋白在肺腺癌组织中的表达,及其在患者术后复发中的预测价值。方法 收集完全性切除的肺腺癌患者术后病理标本102例和癌旁组织57例,采用免疫组织化学技术检测MACC1和c-Met蛋白在肺腺癌和癌旁组织中的表达,对患者行定期随访,分析MACC1和c-Met 蛋白的表达与患者术后复发的关系。结果 MACC1和c-Met在癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为59.80%、54.90%,明显高于癌旁组织中的7.01%、10.53%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。MACC1、c-Met蛋白的表达与性别年龄无关,与肿瘤T分期、淋巴结转移、病理TNM分期有关（P<0.05）。MACC1与c-Met 的表达之间呈正相关（r=0.262, P=0.008）。MACC1阳性组2年内复发率为73.77%,明显高于阴性组的31.71%（χ²=17.686, P<0.001）。c-Met阳性组2年内复发率为76.79%,高于阴性组的34.78%（χ²=18.272, P<0.001）。Cox回归多因素提示MACC1和c-Met蛋白的表达、术后病理分期、肿瘤T分期及淋巴结转移情况是腺癌患者复发转移的危险因素。结论 MACC1和c-Met蛋白在肺腺癌组织中表达与肿瘤T分期、淋巴结转移、病理分期有关,影响肺腺癌患者术后无瘤生存期,是复发转移的危险因素。     

HIF-1α、OPN及c-Met在胆管癌中的表达及其临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）及c-Met在胆管癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 采用免疫组化SP法检测HIF-1α、OPN及c-Met在56例胆管癌、30例癌旁正常胆管组织中的表达情况,并分析其与临床病理特征关系及三者的相关性。［结果］ HIF-1α、OPN及c-Met在胆管癌组织中的表达均明显高于癌旁正常胆管组织,并且在胆管癌组织中表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、分化程度无相关性（P＞0.05）,而与肿瘤分期、有无淋巴结转移有关（P＜0.05）。HIF-1α、OPN及c-Met在胆管癌组织样本中表达均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。［结论］ HIF-1α、OPN及c-Met在胆管癌组织中高表达,与肿瘤侵袭转移关系密切。     

胃癌组织MACC1表达及其临床意义分析

目的:研究结肠癌转移相关基因1(MACC1)在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:采用RT-qPCR检测胃癌组织株和67例胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织中MACC1mRNA的表达,免疫组化技术检测67例胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织中MACC1蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理资料的关系。结果:BGC823、SGC7901和MGC803 3种胃癌细胞株中MACC1mRNA的相对表达量分别为3.458 4±0.047 9、4.768 5±0.100 6和4.257 5±0.029 5,差异有统计学意义,F=295.131,P<0.05。癌组织MACC1mRNA表达量(5.560 0±2.853 1)较癌旁正常组织(2.190 1±1.675 9)显著增高,t=6.907,P=0.000。肿瘤组织中MACC1蛋白的阳性率为64.18%(43/67),显著高于癌旁正常组织5.97%(4/67),χ2=49.844,P<0.05,且MACC1蛋白的异常高表达与分化程度(χ2=14.492,P=0.000)、腹膜转移(χ2=4.251,P=0.039)、淋巴转移(χ2=11.978,P=0.001)、临床分期(χ2=11.024,P=0.001)密切相关,而与年龄(χ2=0.129,P=0.720)、性别(χ2=0.407,P=0.523)、肿瘤大小(χ2=0.017,P=0.897)、部位(χ2=3.021,P=0.082)及远处转移(χ2=0.000,P=1.000)无关。结论:MACC1可以作为预测腹膜转移、淋巴转移,评价胃癌进展的有效指标,可为胃癌患者的临床诊疗提供依据。     

MACC1、c-Met蛋白在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与盆腔淋巴结转移的相关性

目的 研究结肠癌转移相关基因(MACC1)和人原癌基因编码蛋白(c-Met)在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与盆腔淋巴结转移的相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学法对MACC1和c-Met蛋白在不同宫颈组织中的表达情况进行检测,分析其表达情况与盆腔淋巴结转移之间的关系.结果 MACC1和c-Met蛋白在宫颈癌组、CINⅡ~Ⅲ组和正常宫颈组中的阳性表达率比较有明显差异(P<0.05);3组间MACC1和c-Met蛋白阳性表达率进行两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).Spearman等级相关性检验结果表明,MACC1和c-Met蛋白的表达呈正相关关系(γ=0.632,P=0.000).肌层浸润深度及MACC1和c-Met蛋白阳性表达是影响宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 MACC1和c-Met蛋白可能参与了宫颈癌的发生、发展,并与宫颈癌的侵袭转移有关,是宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的独立高危因素,有重要的临床价值.     

乳腺癌组织中核仁纺缍体相关蛋白1表达与腋窝淋巴结转移的关系

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨乳腺癌组织中核仁纺缍体相关蛋白1（nucleolus spinosa-related protein 1,NuSAP1）的表达与腋窝淋巴结转移的关系。［方法］ 采用免疫组织化学染色法检测100例乳腺癌组织（浸润性导管癌）及其配对的癌旁组织（距离肿瘤边缘＞3cm）中NuSAP1、Hedgehog信号通路相关蛋白（Smo和Gli-1）表达水平。采用Logistic多因素分析影响乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的影响因素。［结果］ 乳腺癌组织中NuSAP1高表达率为65%（65/100）,明显高于癌旁组织的18%（18/100）（χ2=45.945,P＜0.001）。NuSAP1高表达组中WHO分级Ⅲ级、TNM Ⅲ期、腋窝淋巴结转移率均高于低表达组（P＜0.05）。WHO分级Ⅲ级（OR=1.689,95%CI：1.240~3.333）、TNM Ⅲ期（OR=1.543,95%CI：1.345~3.602）、三阴性乳腺癌（OR=2.786,95%CI：1.764~4.002）和NuSAP1高表达（OR=2.507,95%CI：1.684~3.971）是乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。NuSAP1表达水平与腋窝淋巴结转移数目呈正相关（r=0.561,P＜0.001）。NuSAP1表达与Smo、Gli-1表达水平呈正相关（r分别为0.748和0.528,P均＜0.001）。［结论］ NuSAP1可能通过激活Hedgehog信号通路参与腋窝淋巴结的转移。     

CD47在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

摘 要： ［目的］ 通过检测CD47在非小细胞肺癌中的表达,了解CD47在非小细胞肺癌表达的意义及其与预后的相关性。［方法］ 采用免疫组化EnvisionTMplus法检测52例非小细胞肺癌患者癌及癌旁组织中CD47的表达,分析CD47与非小细胞肺癌患者临床病理参数及预后的关系。［结果］ CD47在非小细胞肺癌及癌旁组织中表达阳性率分别为80.8%(42/52),34.6%(18/52),癌组织CD47阳性率明显高于癌旁组织(P＜0.05)。CD47与非小细胞肺癌患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05)。CD47阳性患者术后3年总体生存率低于阴性患者(χ2=4.314,P=0.038)。［结论］ CD47与非小细胞肺癌侵袭、转移和预后密切相关,有可能成为非小细胞肺癌的参考指标。     

Nm23-H1、CD44v6在60例下咽癌组织中的表达及临床意义

摘 要：［目的］分析下咽癌组织中肿瘤抑制基因 nm23-H1和转移相关基因 CD44v6的表达情况及其意义。［方法］ 60例下咽癌（其中30例有颈部淋巴结转移,30例无颈部淋巴结转移）及30例癌旁组织纳入分析,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测nm23-H1和CD44v6的表达情况。［结果］ Nm23-H1在下咽癌组的表达阳性率为53.33%,较癌旁组织组（90.00%）明显偏低(P＜0.05);有颈部淋巴结转移下咽癌组（40.00%)、无颈部淋巴结转移下咽癌组(66.67%)及癌旁组织各组间nm23-H1阳性率差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.05)。CD44v6在下咽癌组的表达阳性率为76.67%,较癌旁组（56.67%）明显高(P＜0.05);有颈部淋巴结转移组CD44v6阳性率(90.0%)较无转移组(63.33%)明显高(P＜0.05)。下咽癌组织中nm23-H1和CD44v6表达呈负相关(P＜0.05)。［结论］ 下咽癌中 nm23-H1表达下调可促使下咽癌发生、推动肿瘤发展及发生颈部淋巴结转移;CD44v6表达上调可使肿瘤的发展及转移加速。两者的表达失衡与下咽癌发生颈部淋巴结转移关系密切并且可能起协同作用。因此,联合检测nm23-H1和CD44v6对判断下咽癌的颈部淋巴结转移有指导意义。     

57例胃癌组织中Gankyrin表达的临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 研究gankyrin在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。［方法］ 采用免疫组化染色方法检测gankyrin在手术切除的57例胃癌及其癌旁组织中的表达水平,分析其临床意义。［结果］ Gankyrin在胃癌组织中表达水平显著高于癌旁组织（P<0.01）;gankyrin表达水平在不同年龄和不同性别患者间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而在不同病理分化程度（P= 0.033）、有无淋巴结转移（P=0.020）及不同TNM分期（P=0.022）患者间差异有统计学意义;Kaplan-Meier分析提示gankyrin高表达胃癌患者预后不良（P=0.029）。［结论］ Gankyrin高表达与胃癌恶性进展密切相关,可能是胃癌诊断与治疗的重要靶点。     

80例结肠癌患者血浆、组织中microRNA 100/200c表达水平与临床病理的相关性

摘 要：［目的］ 研究结肠癌患者血浆、组织中小分子非编码RNA (microRNA,miRNA) 100/200c表达水平与临床病理的相关性。［方法］ 用实时定量PCR方法测定确诊为结肠癌的80例患者血浆miRNA 100、结肠癌组织中miRNA 200c表达水平并与其在正常人群血浆及癌旁正常组织中的表达进行比较。［结果］ 结肠癌患者血浆中miRNA 100的表达水平显著性低于正常人群（P=0.014）,结肠癌组织中miRNA 200c表达量显著性低于癌旁正常组织（P=0.0002）;结肠癌患者血浆中miRNA 100相对表达量与肿瘤分化程度、发生转移、临床分期显著性相关（P＜0.05）,且miRNA 100表达高低与患者的肿瘤直径,临床分期、淋巴结转移相关（P<0.05）;结肠癌组织中miRNA 200c表达量与发生转移、临床分期显著性相关（P＜0.05）,miRNA2000表达高低与肿瘤直径大小相关（P＜0.05）。［结论］ 与在正常组织或血浆中相比,miRNA 100/200c在结肠癌中表达量降低,与肿瘤远处转移、淋巴结转移、临床分期等病理参数密切相关。     

胃癌组织中Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1的表达及临床意义

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨胃癌组织及其相应癌旁组织中Notch1及其配体Jagged1、下游信号Hes1的表达情况,并分析其临床意义。［方法］ 采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测胃癌组织及其相应的癌旁组织（距癌组织＞5cm）中Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1 mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学染色法检测Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1蛋白的表达,并分析三种蛋白的表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。［结果］ 免疫组织化学染色、qRT-PCR结果均显示Notch1、Jagged1在癌旁组织中的表达高于胃癌组织（P＜0.05）,Hes1在癌旁组织中的表达低于胃癌组织（P＜0.05）。Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1的表达与肿瘤脉管浸润、分化程度、浸润深度相关（P＜0.05）,而与年龄、性别、TNM分期、淋巴结转移无关（P＞0.05）。胃癌组织中Notch1与Jagged1的表达呈正相关（r=0.032,P＜0.05）,而Jagged1与Hes1的表达呈负相关（r=-0.862,P<0.001）。［结论］ Notch信号通路中Notch1受体及其配体Jagged1在胃癌组织中低表达,Hes1在胃癌组织中高表达,提示Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1的表达有望为胃癌诊断提供理论依据。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.