抚触护理干预早产儿喂养不耐受的临床研究

目的观察新生儿抚触、口服红霉素两种方法治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效比较。方法将2009年1月至2011年1月在我院出生的82例喂养不耐受早产儿随机分为新生儿抚触组41例和红霉素治疗组41例。两组均在早产儿常规治疗护理基础上遵医嘱针对喂养不耐受而采用的改善喂养策略及静脉营养供给。红霉素治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用红霉素治疗,每次2.5mg/kg,每6小时口服一次,连续4~6d。新生儿抚触组在常规治疗基础上给予每日2次抚触,连续4~6d。结果两组患儿在住院时间和呕吐时间,胃残余量,日增加奶量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新生儿抚触组与红霉素治疗组在治疗早产儿喂养不耐受方面疗效相当,在临床中对早产儿喂养不耐受合理适度的用药提供临床依据。     

小剂量红霉素治疗新生儿喂养不耐受30例疗效观察

目的:探讨小剂量红霉素治疗喂养不耐受新生儿的疗效.方法:将收治的60 例喂养不耐受的新生儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30 例.两组均采用综合治疗,治疗组在此基础上将小剂量红霉素3～5 mg·kg-1·d-1加入5%葡萄糖注射液中静脉滴注.结果:治疗组在改善症状以及体质量增加方面均优于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:小剂量红霉素治疗新生儿喂养不耐受有良好疗效.     

静脉滴注小剂量红霉素治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效观察

目的研究小剂量红霉素治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效。方法将我院2009年8月至2013年8月诊断喂养不耐受的早产儿56例,随机分为两组,治疗组在给予早产儿常规治疗外,予以静脉滴注小剂量红霉素,疗程1周,比较两组患儿症状缓解时间、全胃肠道喂养时间。结果治疗组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05),且未发现明显不良反应。结论静脉滴注小剂量红霉素可以有效治疗早产儿喂养不耐受,不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。     

小剂量红霉素治疗新生儿喂养不耐受的疗效观察

目的探讨小剂量红霉素治疗新生儿喂养不耐受的疗效及安全性。方法对46例出现喂养不耐受新生儿随机分为两组,对照组22例,行常规处理;治疗组24例,在常规治疗基础上加小剂量红霉素5--10 mg/（kg.d）,分2次口服,用药至能耐受肠道营养1周。治疗后比较两组的喂养患儿耐受情况及体重增长情况。结果两组在残奶量、呕吐、胃潴留及腹胀消失、用药7 d体质量增加及恢复至出生体质量所需日龄方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。用药组未出现药物相关性肝功能损害。结论小剂量红霉素治疗早产儿喂养不耐受有显著疗效，未见有不良反应发生。     

小剂量红霉素治疗早产儿极低出生体质量儿喂养不耐受40例效果观察

目的 观察小剂量红霉素治疗早产儿极低出生体质量儿喂养不耐受的临床疗效.方法 随机将早产极低出生体质量儿80例分成治疗组和对照组各40例,2组均给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用小剂量红霉素静脉滴注.观察2组临床疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论小剂量红霉素治疗早产儿极低出生体质量儿喂养不耐受临床疗效满意.     

小剂量红霉素预防早产儿喂养不耐受疗效观察

目的观察小剂量红霉素预防早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效及安全性。方法将62例早产儿随机分为观察组32例和对照组30例,两组早产儿均给予保暖、静脉营养等综合治疗,观察组在综合治疗基础上加用红霉素5mg/（kg.d）静脉滴注7d。对两组患儿的生长发育与胃肠耐受、并发症进行监测。结果患儿体重开始恢复时间、恢复至出生体重时间、达足量喂养时间、住院时间、对喂养耐受情况相比均差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量红霉素可促进胃肠成熟和新生儿的生长发育,改善喂养不耐受,减少喂养并发症,安全有效,适合临床使用。     

小剂量红霉素口服和静脉给药治疗新生儿喂养不耐受76例

目的:探讨小剂量红霉素口服和静脉给药治疗新生儿喂养不耐受的疗效差别.方法:将符合新生儿喂养不耐受诊断标准的76例惠儿分为两组各38例,两组均给予治疗原发病、对症治疗和补充水电解质平衡的常规治疗.口服组和静脉给药组均在此基础上加用小剂量红霉素[3～5 mg/(kg·d)]口服或静脉滴注,10 d为一疗程,比较两组疗效、转归和不良反应.结果:口服组和静脉给药组总有效率为86.8%和92.1%,每日喂奶量分别为(125±28)mL/kg和(123.4±30)mL/kg,体重增加0.35(0.14～0.58)kg和0.34(0.16～0.55)kg,上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组未见明显不良反应发生.结论:小剂量红霉素口服或静脉滴注对新生儿喂养不耐受疗效相似,口服方便,值得临床应用     

小剂量红霉素联合微生态制剂治疗早产儿喂养不耐受临床疗效观察

目的：探讨小剂量红霉素联合微生态制剂治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效。方法：将本院NICU科2005年1月～2010年10月152例出现喂养不耐受早产儿随机分为对照组、微生态制剂治疗组、小剂量红霉素治疗组、两药联合治疗组各38例。4组均给予常规治疗,治疗组分别给予微生态制剂口服、小剂量红霉素静滴及二药联合应用。结果：小剂量红霉素治疗组总有效率为71.1%,微生态制剂治疗组总有效率为65.8%,两药联合治疗组总有效率为92.1%,均高于对照组（P〈0.01）,而联合治疗组总有效率分别高于微生态制剂组及小剂量红霉素组（P〈0.05）。结论：小剂量红霉素联合微生态制剂治疗早产儿喂养不耐受疗效确切,安全可靠。     

不同方法对早产儿喂养不耐受的研究

目的:探讨不同方法对早产儿喂养不耐受的临床效果. 方法:选取本科室诊断喂养不耐受患儿60例,随机分为两组,治疗组在基础治疗基础上给予早期微量喂养+非营养性吸吮+小剂量红霉素联合治疗, 统计分析两组患儿接受不同干预治疗后临床疗效及并发症发生率. 结果:治疗组呕吐停止时间、腹胀好转时间、恢复出生体重时间及使用静脉营养时间明显短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组总并发症发生率明显小于对照组. 结论:早期微量喂养+非营养性吸吮+小剂量红霉素联合治疗可缓解早产儿喂养不耐受临床症状,降低并发症,值得临床推广.     

非营养性吸吮联合小剂量红霉素对早产儿喂养不耐受的效果观察

目的评估非营养性吸吮（NNS）联合小剂量红霉素对早期预防治疗早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效。方法选择住院喂养不耐受早产儿76例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各36例,对照组给予保温、抗感染、维持水电解质平衡、营养支持和对症治疗,鼻胃管喂养,治疗组在此基础上,给予红霉素3～5mg／kg·d加入10％葡萄糖注射液20ml中静脉滴注,同时在每次喂养前15min给予吸吮未开孔橡皮奶头10min,对吸吮力欠佳者用橡皮奶头缓慢、辐轻地来回刺激口腔,或用手指轻轻刺激口角、口唇,诱发吸吮反射出现。两组疗程均为5—7d。结果治疗组早产儿喂养不耐受的临床症状明显改善,病程、奶量与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组患儿体质量增长相近（P〉0．05）。治组患儿用药前后肝功能无变化。结论非营养性吸吮纪合小剂量红霉素治疗新生儿喂养不耐受能提高肠道喂养的成功率,避免完全静脉营养的弊端,安全、实用。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.