MMPI与MMPI-2对精神分裂症患者的一致性测试

目的:考察精神分裂症患者的MMPI与MMPI-2结果的一致性程度,以便为MMPI-2的使用者参考MMPI临床与研究经验提供更多的实证依据.方法:采用MMPI与MMPI-2复合问卷,对97名精神分裂症患者在临床量表上的测试结果进行统计分析.结果:单一量表分数的相关分析以及量表编码类型的符合率分析结果提示,尽管MMPI-2对临床量表项目内容作了一定的修改,但MMPI-2与MMPI对应临床量表分数仍具有很高的相关;另外,MMPI-2与MMPI间编码类型的总体符合率达到93.8%,其它多点编码符合率也都达到了美国人所报告的同类符合率水平,如两点编码符合率为62.9%,若给以限制性定义,则该符合率可达80.8%.结论:中文版MMPI-2的临床量表与MMPI具有较高的延续性,在精神分裂症患者群体的临床使用上具有一定的类推性.     

MMPI-2评估心理创伤后适应不良

目的：在经历创伤事件的人群中检验MMPI-2中适应不良量表的效度。方法：研究对象为43名入院治疗的应激障碍（SD）患者和44名适应良好的创伤幸存者（TS）。以8个临床量表的T分数均值（M8）为适应不良效标，与MMPI-2中的7个适应不良量表进行比较。结果：SD患者有6个量表显著高于TS；两组研究对象的大多数量表均与M8显著相关：尽管F和PK增加了对SD患者或TS适应不良方差变异的解释，Pt在两组被试中均显著增加了其他变量对适应不良的预测作用。结论：MMPI-2中多数适应不良量表的效度较满意。Pt对创伤后适应不良具有普遍较好的预测作用。     

大学新生MMPI结果与分析

目的：探讨大学新生的个性特征和心理问题特征，为高校有效开展大学生心理健康教育提供参考依据；方式：采用MMPI量表，以问卷的形式，连续对4届2674名大学生进行了调查；结果：原始分值总体呈下降的趋势，效度量表中F为高T分点，临床量表中Sc为高T分点，男生的TSc在70－80之间，女生的TSc在60－70之间。男生临床量表高分两点编码分别为85／58、89／98、82／28、82／28，女性临床量表高分两点编码分别为85／58、86／68、89／98、85／58。大学新生存在着焦虑紧张、情绪不稳、敏感多疑、胆小退缩、与现实脱节等倾向；结论：大学生的心理健康教育应始于新生入学教育，并广泛开发新生心理测查工作。     

婚姻质量与个性的相关性研究

目的：探讨婚姻质量与个性的关系。方法：使用Olson的婚姻质量问卷及明尼苏达个性测量（MMPI）作为研究工具，对69名被试婚姻质量各因子与MMPI的181个量表进行相关性分析。结果：Olson婚姻质量问卷的11个因子与MMPI的44个量表有显著的相关。结论：婚姻的满意度受个性独立性及移情能力的影响较大。     

MMPI-215临床量表的相关因素分析

目的：对MMPI-215中的3个临床量表进行相关因素分析。方法：采用MMPI-215对全国14028名男性青年进行测试。结果：各临床量表的区域间和区域内都存在显著性差异；Pa、Pt、Sc得分在文化程度上存在显著性差异，随着文化程度的升高，分数逐渐降低；农村青年得分均高于城镇；汉族和少数民族在Pt量表上有显著差异，汉族高于少数民族。逐步回归显示，文化程度和城乡都对Pa、Pt、Sc三个量表的T分数有显著影响。结论：MMPI-215中的Pt、Pa、Sc量表在制定检测标准时，需要考虑文化程度和城乡的差异。     

大数据视域下人体心理灵活性与健康人格的相关性

目的运用MMPI-399量表中的不同因子分和中国常模资料作为健康人格的相关指标来考察它们与AAQ-Ⅱ量表总分和CFQ-F量表总分的相关性,将MMPI-399与SCL-90量表总分的相关性程度的作为比较指标,探讨心理灵活性与MMPI-399各因子的相关程度及其对健康人格的预测作用。方法采用心理灵活性模型中的认知融合问卷(CFQ-F)、接纳与行动问卷第2版(AAQ-Ⅱ);以及MMPI-399人格量表、SCL-90量表、自编人口学调查表,对黄山学院全体在校大学生进行心理健康普测,按照MMPI量表中疑问量表原始分小于22分,谎言量表原始分小于10分的标准,收回有效问卷8 235份。结果大数据视域下,心理灵活性在不同年级和性别的人中有差异;相较于SCL-90总分,心理灵活性相关量表与MMPI-399各因子均有较高的相关性(P0.01);AAQ-Ⅱ和CFQ-F在控制了性别和年级后,偏相关仍显著(r=0.785,P0.01);回归分析结果显示,心理灵活性对抑郁人格均有显著地预测作用(P0.01)。结论个体心理灵活性存在差异,与健康人格形成相关性显著,心理灵活性对健康人格有很好的预测作用。     

4～6年级多重成就测验的编制

目的：编制4～6年级多重成就测验（MATs），为教育、临床和社会评估提供测评工具。方法：在多次试测基础上形成预测本，2002名被试作条目分析，对768名被试作各种信度估计，对227名被试性向测验和646名被试学科成绩作同时效度，5位专家作内容效度评定。结果：77．5％的条目难度为．20～.80，77％条目鉴别力达优良水平，分测验及分量表D值在.30以上。两题本分量表和总量表重测信度．91～．95，复本信度．87～．94．重测复本信度．82～．89，分半信度．79～．90，α系数．90～．96，评分者信度．94～．98，真分数变异．82和．86；概化分析表明分测验条目15个左右为宜，分量表与总量表条目量50与100即可。专家评定语数非常符合条目82％和86％，两题本分量表和总赶表与学科成绩相关．23～．60，与学业能力倾向测验相关．39～．66，不同学校、年级间存在显著性差异，语文分测验存在性别差异：因素分析抽2因素时为语、数因子，与分量表吻合；提取多个因子时，表明可能存存言语、记忆、数算、数形和数理五因子。结论：MATs难度适中，鉴别力优良；各种信度考验结果基本符合测量学的标准并具有良好的内容效度和同时效度，结构效度较理想；两题本基本平行。     

神经症MMPI—2的测量分析

目的:分析神经症患者MMPI-2的测定结果:探讨编码模式特点,临床应用意义及与SDS,SAS的相关性,方法:对70例抑郁性神经症患者在住院两周内进行MMPI-2和SAS,SDS测试,对其中31例进行MMPI-2重复测试,结果:男女性患者的剖析图走势相似,男性高分点编码序列为72831,女性为28763,低自尊,工作,障碍,治疗反感等内容量表存在性别差异,焦虑,抑郁内容量表评分与SAS,SDS评分存在显著正相关,治疗前后的重复测试,说明MMPI-2的分值下降与临床症状的缓解相伴随.结论:不同性别神经症患者MMPI-2编码模式相似,内容量表能较好地反映患者的精神病症状,其分值下降与临床症状的缓解相伴随.     

正常人MMPI-2测图的特点分析

目的 了解正常中国人MMPI—2测图特点以便更好地使用MMPI—2。方法 对正常人1245例(男675例．女570例)进行了MMPI—2测查结果分析。结果 L、F、D、Pd、Mf、Sc、Ma、Si、ANX、FRS、BIZ、CYN、ASP量表男性和女性存在显著性差分。大部分MMPI—2量表与美国常模存在显著差异。结论中国人与美国．人性格特征有很大的差异；MMPI—2可能比MMPI更适合在中国使用；临床量表双高点合并F量表高分作为判定心理异常的指标，可使正常人划入异常范围的错误率低于14％。     

网络游戏行为偏好调查问卷的编制

目的：编制网络游戏行为偏好调查问卷，为网络心理学的研究提供测评工具。方法：在玩家访谈的基础上形成网络游戏行为偏好凋查问卷的预问卷。对422名被试实施预问卷测试，对其中324名玩家同时进行网络成瘾问卷测试。根据测试结果，形成网络游戏行为偏好调查问卷，并进行问卷的项目分析、信度和效度的评定。结果：网络游戏行为偏好调查问卷所有项目难度均在0．2—0．7，70．18％的项目鉴别力达到优良水平。通过探索性因素分析得到5个因素。整体量表内部一致性为0．93，而分量表的内部一致性在0．70—0．92之间。玩家在各分量表上的得分和网瘾量表上的得分均显著正相关。结论：网络游戏行为偏好调查问卷难度适中，鉴别力优良；具有良好的信度、结构效度和效标关联效度。     

The fragile nature of MMPI code types

The percent of code type agreement with the original MMPI is compared with the new MMPI-2, an earlier re-norming of the MMPI by Colligan, Osborne, Swenson, and Offord (1983), the MMPI-168, and test/retest comparisons of the MMPI with itself. Code type agreement ranges from lows of 31 to 41% for the test/retest comparability of the original MMPI with itself to 40 to 67% hit rates for the MMPI-2, the MMPI 1983 norms, and the MMPI-168. The effect of this on interpretation is discussed in the context of previous studies on the MMPI code types in relation to broadband diagnosis and comparisons of clinical accuracy of computerized reports that have utilized various MMPI versions.     

Criterion-related validity and stability: Equivalence of the MMPI and the MMPI-2

The differential criterion-related validity of the MMPI and MMPI-2 and their stability over a 4-month period of time were examined in a university population by correlating the clinical scales with their counterpart SCL-90-R factors. Fair to moderate correlations were found on all eight paired MMPI scales and SCL-90-R factors, while only two of eight MMPI-2/SCL-90-R pairings were found to be correlated significantly. Further analyses, however, found no significant differences between these MMPI/SCL-90-R and MMPI-2/SCL-90/R correlations. Adequate stability was found between MMPI-2 and SCL-90-R pairs over 4 months, except for the MMPI-2 D scale with SCL-90-R Depression factor. Several issues related to the equivalency between the MMPI and the MMPI-2 were discussed.     

Correspondence of MMPI and MMPI-2 with chemically dependent patients

One hundred (39 women and 61 men) hospitalized substance abusers were administered the MMPI and MMPI-2. The correspondence of T-Scores, Code-types, and MAC/MAC-R scores were analyzed. Results showed that the MMPI-2 produced profiles that were consistent with previous research on the MMPI with substance abusers. However, the relationship between MMPI and MMPI-2 T-scores appeared complex and varied across individual scales for both men and women. Codetype congruence was 38% for one, two, and three-point code-types. Well-defined codetypes accounted for 30% of the profiles. MAC/MAC-R raw scores were different for men but not for women. Codetypes established for the MMPI may not be fully transferable to the MMPI-2 in a substance abusing population. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A comparison of MMPI-2 and MMPI T-scores for men and women

The original MMPI linear T-score norms are compared with the new linear and uniform T-score norms for the MMPI-2 across basic validity and clinical scales for both men and women. The comparison indicated more pronounced normative changes for certain scales and somewhat more pronounced changes for men than for women. Relationships between MMPI-2 and MMPI T-scores across scales are complex; a few MMPI-2 scales show enhancement, others show attenuation across the full range of the scale, and other scales show attenuation in the middle and lower ranges of the scale with enhancement in the upper ranges. Possible implications and effects of the new MMPI-2 T-score norms on original MMPI scale high-point elevation and high-point codes are discussed.     

Development of a three-scale MMPI: The MMPI-TRI

A 60-item short form of the MMPI with very high content validity and items that appear on both the MMPI and MMPI-2 was developed and named the MMPI-TRI. It contains three 20-item scales—the Subjective Distress, Acting-Out, and Psychosis scales. These three scales have excellent internal consistency and sufficient independence from each other. An anxiety and depression group of patients, prison inmate group, and a schizophrenic and other psychotic group had the highest mean scores on Subjective Distress, Acting-Out, and Psychosis, respectively. Correlations with the 13 regular scales of the MMPI and MMPI-2, their content and supplementary scales, and four other psychometric instruments provided very strong evidence for validity. Norms are provided.     

A comparison of MMPI profile types with corresponding estimated MMPI-2 profiles

Changes in mean elevation, dispersion, overall configuration, and code type of well-defined MMPI profiles were examined after transformation to estimated MMPI-2 profiles. A total of 34 MMPI profiles from both Gilberstadt and Duker (1965) and Marks, Seeman, and Haller (1974) were analyzed using contemporary MMPI-2 T-scores. Results yielded a reduction in mean elevation and both increases and decreases in scatter about the mean upon transformation to MMPI-2 norms. The total configuration of linear MMPI and estimated MMPI-2 T-score profiles correlated highly with each other and manifested a similar pattern of correlation with the total configuration of Skinner and Jackson's (1978) three modal MMPI types.     

What's in a name? The MMPI-2 PTSD scales

The MMPI-2 post-traumatic stress disorder scales (PK and PS) were examined with a sample of 96 outpatient anxiety disorder and 97 outpatient traffic accident subjects. PK and PS correlated 0.96 and showed highly similar correlations with MMPI-2 validity, clinical, content and supplementary scales for both groups, which indicated that these scales are indices of MMPI first-factor variance. This was supported by separate principal components analyses for each group, in which PK and PS contributed the most variance to the first component. Although the groups showed different MMPI-2 mean profiles, neither PK nor PS contributed to discriminant function classification of group members. It is suggested that PK and PS are indices of general emotional distress and maladjustment; implications for their use in diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder were discussed.     

“Profile” analysis of the personality characteristics of child molesters using the MMPI-2

Identification of child sexual molesters has been attempted for at least half a century without success. This is due, in part, to the heterogeneity of child molesters. Child sexual molesters were studied in three ways. First, a discriminant function analysis was conducted to evaluate how well the MMPI-2 would distinguish child molesters from controls. Hit rates of 81% and 88% were found for clinical scales alone and the clinical and supplemental scales, respectively. Second, a cluster analysis of MMPI-2 data identified four groups that resembled clusters found previously with the MMPI. Third, when followed in treatment, all subgroups achieved significant progress ratings and no significant difference in treatment progress was found between clusters. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 53 : 575–586, 1997.     

MMPI-2 patterns in African-American females

Researchers have reported conflicting conclusions about the relation of the MMPI (MMPI-2) clinical scale elevations and race. Consequently, this study examined the concurrent validity of the MMPI-2 in evaluating African-American females. Seventy-eight (78) African American college student volunteers were administered the MMPI-2, along with other measures of personality, achievement, and coping style. Scores revealed 76% of the sample had elevated profiles. Subjects were divided into three groups based on frequency of clinical scale code type. Subjects with the 5/9 profile elevations functioned as well as normals on measures of coping skills and mood disorders. Discussion emphasizes the importance of clinical interpretation of MMPI data in research programs and the relationship of the data to coping style. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.