喷墨标记型直丝弓托槽定位器的研制

目的开发一种能在牙面上准确定位的喷墨标记型直丝弓托槽定位器。方法定位器由刻有各个牙齿倾角的中部刻度盘及进气孔、二条交叉的空心杆及垂直向的高度标尺组成;空心纵杆能以中心轴为圆心旋转运动,两空心杆下方均带有小裂隙,内置特制喷嘴,喷嘴内贮无毒油墨。操作时根据不同牙冠倾角调好交叉杆角度,连接中心进气孔到牙椅的气枪上,然后使纵杆与牙临床冠面轴一致,根据高度标尺调整好托槽中心位置,按动气枪,小裂隙内的喷嘴即可喷出油墨完成定位标记。结果喷墨标记型直丝弓托槽定位器能标记出托槽在牙面的垂直高度,近远中位置及牙冠倾角。结论喷墨标记型直丝弓托槽定位器的应用能明显提高托槽粘接的准确性。     

标记型直丝弓托槽定位器的开发研究

目的开发一种能在牙面上准确定位的标记型直丝弓托槽定位器。方法定位器由刻有各个牙齿轴倾角的中部刻度盘,横、纵杆及高度标尺组成;横杆、高度标尺固定,纵杆可旋转运动,横、纵杆下方均带有可更换油墨标记头。操作时根据不同牙轴倾角预先调好交叉杆角度,然后使纵杆与牙临床冠长轴一致,根据高度标尺调整好定位器中心位置,定位器压向牙面,油墨标记头即可完成定位标记。结果标记型托槽定位器能标记出托槽在牙面的垂直高度、近远中位置及冠长轴。结论标记型托槽定位器的应用能明显提高托槽黏接的准确性。     

托槽定位夹持器的制作与临床应用

目的:使用一种新型托槽的定位夹持器粘接正畸托槽,评价应用该定位器后,能否提高托槽粘接的准确性,并与传统粘接法比较在操作时间、托槽脱落率等方面的差别。方法:选择恒牙期错畸形患者35例,随机选择其一侧牙齿为实验组,另一侧为对照组,分别使用托槽定位夹持器和传统方法粘接托槽,统计粘接时间。粘接完成后取印模并在翻制的石膏模型上观测实验组与对照组托槽粘接误差,统计其中30例患者6个月内的托槽脱落情况,统计脱落率。结果:实验组托槽粘接准确率(95.26%)高于对照组(85.26%),平均粘接时间实验组(5.4 mm)短于对照组(10.8mm),实验组托槽脱落率(3.16%)小于对照组(8.07%)。经统计学分析差异有统计学意义。结论:托槽定位夹持器能明显缩短托槽粘接时间,减少托槽脱落率,提高托槽粘接的准确性。     

直丝弓矫治器托槽定位准确性的改进措施

近二十年来,随着直丝弓矫治器的广泛应用,人们对其托槽定位准确性的要求越来越高,为了提高正畸临床质量,实现“一根平直的弓丝,弯制成基本弓形,借助于不同设计的托槽,完成牙列中每一个牙控制”的直丝弓矫治理念,有必要采用以下改进直丝弓托槽定位准确性的措施。 １、医生应做到直视粘接的牙面,避免从牙的侧方或其上、下方粘接托槽,这样可以减少托槽各方向上的粘接误差。为了保证直视粘接,尤其是双尖牙或磨牙的直视粘接,患者应改变头位,医生则相应改变体位。 ２、采用光固化树脂粘接托槽 光固化粘接托槽技术之所以未被许多正畸…     

正畸计算机辅助设计的托槽定位方法

固定矫治技术要求托槽粘结在牙面时应有正确的位置，尤其是近年来广泛应用的直丝弓矫治技术，更加强调托槽粘结位置的准确性。传统粘结托槽时采用的托槽定位器和目测法。存在其局限性和误差，特别是对于初学者更是如此。正畸计算机辅助设计的托槽定位方法（the Ortho CAD bracket placement solution，Ortho CAD）基于其独特的硬件和软件，通过托槽位置参数设置，帮助正畸医生准确而快速的确定托槽位置。     

数字化技术在直丝弓托槽间接粘接中的应用

直丝弓矫治减少了弓丝弯制,强调托槽粘接的精准性,而托槽间接粘接技术较直接粘接具有定位精准、椅旁操作时间短的优点,因此间接粘接技术在直丝弓矫治领域受到青睐.然而传统间接粘接方法实验室操作过于繁琐.近几年数字化技术的应用和发展促使直丝弓托槽间接粘接趋向于精准化和个性化,并极大地简化了操作步骤,带来了质的改变.本文将就数字化...     

新型直丝弓托槽定位器的开发研究

目的开发一种适合于直丝弓托槽的定位器,为其精确定位提供测量工具。方法定位器由3.0mm×6.0mm不锈钢制成,先将不锈钢弯成规定的形态,然后采用数控机床机械加工,以线切割方式,一次整体加工成形,经打磨、电化学抛光处理,使其表面光洁。定位器分为3部分:中间直柄部、远离牙弓的弯曲部及反向的测量弯头。定位器全长146mm,直柄部与弯曲部呈145°夹角,弯曲部分测量弯头为105°夹角,定位器弯头由牙合向置入端与槽沟置入端组成,牙合向置入端长10mm,厚2mm,槽沟置放端长2mm,厚0.4mm。定位器一套由8根组成,其测量范围在2.0～5.5mm之间,反映不同的牙合缘至槽沟中点的垂直距离。结果新型直丝弓托槽定位器可用于确定直丝弓托槽的垂直位置。结论新型直丝弓托槽定位器结合个体直丝托槽定位表,可明显提高托槽垂直置入的精度。     

托槽周围牙面菌斑体内蔗糖反应的研究

目的本文对托槽周围牙面菌斑体内蔗糖反应的变化进行了研究,探讨了正畸矫治中牙面菌斑致龋能力的变化。方法随机选择18例患者作为受试者。采用随机数字法,在其牙弓一侧使用0.20mm不锈钢丝结扎,另一侧使用弹力结扎圈结扎。应用钯微电极测定不同的托槽粘接时间漱糖前后各时间点菌斑的原位pH值。结果托槽粘结后牙面菌斑漱糖前pH值有下降的趋势,在丝侧粘结三周组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。托槽粘接三周组pH值在漱糖后各时间点均有降低的趋势,但粘接前后牙面菌斑体内蔗糖反应无显著差异。丝侧与圈侧牙面菌斑之间也不存在显著差异。结论托槽粘接后有机酸有在菌斑中滞留的趋势,提示牙面菌斑致龋能力有增强的趋势,正畸中的口腔卫生维护应加强。     

自锁托槽结合种植支抗对关闭拔牙间隙速度影响的实验研究

目的:在Typodont模型上,模拟临床应用自锁托槽结合微种植体支抗关闭拔牙间隙的过程,研究新方案对关闭间隙速度的影响。方法:制作24个安氏I类双颌牙齿前突的标准Typodont模型,随机分成实验组和对照组各12个。实验组使用自锁托槽结合微种植体支抗牵引关闭拔牙间隙,牵引力为75g;对照组则使用直丝弓托槽结合口外弓支抗关闭拔牙间隙,牵引力为150g。结果:实验组的平均间隙关闭速度为(1.37±0.03)mm/h,显著高于对照组的(0.87±0.03)mm/h(P<0.001)。实验组的上颌中切牙平均舌侧移动距离为(6.27±0.44)mm,显著大于对照组的(4.34±0.38)mm(P<0.001)。实验组的上颌第一磨牙平均近中移动距离为(0.11±0.08)mm,显著小于对照组的(2.34±0.24)mm(P<0.001)。结论:应用自锁托槽结合微种植体支抗关闭拔牙间隙速度显著快于传统的直丝弓托槽结合口外弓支抗,支抗丧失更少。     

双丝弓个性化舌侧托槽的计算机辅助设计

目的实现一种个性化托槽的计算机辅助设计,以便在临床矫治中显著减小前牙控根力,并且能够应用于拔牙病例。方法在包括患者牙根的整合牙颌模型上进行虚拟排牙,在排牙后的模型上绘制直丝弓和设计双丝直丝弓托槽,托槽通过托槽体的厚度补偿来实现弓丝的直丝化,在托槽上设计双槽沟,主槽沟为方槽沟,辅槽沟为圆槽沟,在主槽沟用方丝虚拟定位托槽后,用计算机辅助设计和制作的个性化托槽,将托槽的虚拟位置转移到患者牙齿上的实际粘接位置进行矫治。结果与方丝控根相比,双丝控根矫治力显著减小;唇侧或舌侧矫治时可以使用直丝弓,简化了临床弓丝弯制;虚拟排牙基于3D整合牙颌模型,可以在虚拟排牙中避免牙根的骨开裂、骨开窗和明显不平行。结论本研究为双丝弓个性化托槽的临床应用奠定了基础。     

减数矫治中个体直丝托槽定位值的测量研究

目的：建立拔牙病例个体直丝托槽定位值。方法选择拔除上双尖牙、矫治后符合Ａｎｄｒｅｗｓ正常Ｈｅ的６０例患者,男女各３０例,平均年龄１３．５岁。直丝托槽在上下切牙部均位于临床牙冠中点,且矫正保持弓丝不含任何第二序列弯曲。于患者口腔内用Ｄｏｕｇｈｅｒｔｙ托槽定位器测量每一牙齿切缘或Ｈｅ缘至托槽中心的距离,并将以上数据按最近０．５ｍｍ舒入作数值修正,得出托槽定位的均值,将其上下移动０．５ｍｍ和１．０ｍｍ（     

正常(牙合)人牙(牙合)特点在固定矫治器中的应用

目的　探讨使用固定矫治器治疗中国错畸形患者时的注意事项。方法　比较恒牙列正常中国人与 白种人的牙冠突距、冠角、牙冠转矩及磨牙补偿角的差异,以及测量正常中国人牙冠唇颊面中心区的近远中向、 龈向轮廓形态和牙弓形态。结果　正常的特征、牙弓形态以及牙冠唇颊面中心区的近远中向和龈向轮廓形 态,在中国人与白种人间存在人种差异。结论　使用方丝弓、直丝弓矫治器治疗中国错畸形患者时,弓丝弯制中 应进行必要的调整,有必要设计适合于中国人使用的直丝弓矫治器。     

正常人牙特点在固定矫治器中的应用

目的　探讨使用固定矫治器治疗中国错畸形患者时的注意事项。方法　比较恒牙列正常中国人与白种人的牙冠突距、冠角、牙冠转矩及磨牙补偿角的差异,以及测量正常中国人牙冠唇颊面中心区的近远中向、龈向轮廓形态和牙弓形态。结果　正常的特征、牙弓形态以及牙冠唇颊面中心区的近远中向和龈向轮廓形态,在中国人与白种人间存在人种差异。结论　使用方丝弓、直丝弓矫治器治疗中国错畸形患者时,弓丝弯制中应进行必要的调整,有必要设计适合于中国人使用的直丝弓矫治器。     

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目的研究MBT直丝弓矫治器治疗成年人安氏Ⅱ类1分类并开的临床疗效。方法选择2006年湛江中心人民医院口腔科就诊的24例成年人安氏Ⅱ类1分类并开患者,随机分为两组,试验组(12例)采用MBT直丝弓矫治器治疗,对照组(12例)采用传统直丝弓矫治器治疗。两组均在治疗前后拍摄头颅侧位片,对治疗前后效果的对比及组间比较采用t检验。结果治疗后两组均有效。尤以试验组为优。治疗后试验组U1-Y平均减小5.48mm,U1-SN平均减少6.67°,U1-L1平均增加5.36°,其变化具有统计学意义,SNA、SNB、MP-SN、L1-Y等指标改变不明显。治疗时间平均24.2个月。结论MBT直丝弓矫治器能更有效地矫正上颌前突、前牙开牙合,纠正上唇紧张外翻,协调上下唇软组织关系,改善面型。     

Colony forming unit levels of salivary Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients

The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of Lactobacilli (LB) and Streptococcus mutans (SM) colony forming units (CFU) in the saliva of subjects before and after orthodontic appliance placement. This was a controlled, prospective two-group, two-measurement, clinical trial performed on 64 study patients, 12-15 years old. Subjects in the experimental group were sampled for LB and SM in stimulated saliva collected on the same day but prior to band and bracket placement. The subjects in the control group were sampled on their first screening appointment two months prior to band and bracket placement. The second samples of LB and SM were taken from the experimental and control groups after two months. Saliva was transferred to a selective agar carrier and incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees C / 99 degrees F. LB and SM colonies forming units were compared with standard densities. The experimental group wearing orthodontic appliances had significantly higher mean LB CFU counts than the control group at the 2 month follow-up (3.25 vs. 2.57, p = 0.0036). The two groups, however, did not show any difference in mean SM CFU counts at the 2 month follow-up (3.0 vs. 3.1, p = 0.66). The results of this study showed that a higher number of CFUs of LB were associated with the group wearing orthodontic appliances after two months and may play a role in the increased levels of plaque seen in many orthodontic patients.     

Effect of text message follow-up on patient's self-reported level of pain and anxiety

Objectives:To determine whether a text message reduces the severity of patient self-reported levels of pain and anxiety following initial placement of orthodontic appliances.Materials and Methods:Thirty-nine orthodontic patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups and matched for age, gender, and bracket type (self-ligating vs conventional). The subjects completed baseline questionnaires to ascertain their levels of pain and anxiety before initiating orthodontic treatment. Following the initial appointment, subjects completed the pain questionnaire and anxiety inventory at the same time daily for 1 week. One group received a structured text message showing concern and reassurance, while the second group served as a control and received no postprocedural communication.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in pain in relation to time between the text message group and the control group as it was demonstrated that demonstrated that compared with the text message group, mean pain intensity increased and selfreported discomfort was longer in the control group. Anxiety was determined to be at its peak the day following initial orthodontic appliance placement and gradually tapered off from that time point. No intergroup difference was noted when analyzing anxiety.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that a text message sent from an orthodontic office following initial appliance placement resulted in a lower level of patient''s self-reported pain. Additionally, patient anxiety is at its peak the day following the initial appointment and decreases from that point forward.     

Nickel, chromium and iron levels in the saliva of patients with simulated fixed orthodontic appliances

OBJECTIVE: To assess the in vivo release of nickel, chromium, and iron ions into saliva by different metallic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty volunteers wore removable appliances with bonded brackets and were divided according to the brand of brackets: group A, 3M/Unitek (AISI 303); group B, American Orthodontics (AISI 316L); and group C, Dentaurum (AISI 316L). The appliances were worn for 60 days, and saliva samples were collected at the following time points: T1, before placement of the appliance; T2, after 10 minutes; T3, 24 hours; T4, 7 days; T5, 30 days; and T6, 60 days after insertion of the removable appliance. Saliva samples were analyzed for nickel, chromium, and iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric tests (Friedman, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis). RESULTS: Saliva evaluation revealed a large variation in concentration of these ions between individuals. The results also appeared to indicate an increase in nickel and chromium ions immediately after placement of the appliance (T2), but this was statistically significant only for groups B and C. There was no increase in iron levels. A tendency for increases in nickel and chromium concentrations was verified immediately after placement of the appliance, but these values are probably reduced because of biofilm formation regardless of the bracket used. CONCLUSION: Nickel and chromium ion concentrations increased immediately after placement of the appliance in the mouth for all study groups. There were no significant differences in the nickel, chromium, and iron levels released by the three groups of appliances at all study periods.     

The effect of two different bracket types on the salivary levels of S mutans and S sobrinus in the early phase of orthodontic treatment

Objective:To determine the difference in the levels of Streptococcus mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated saliva in orthodontic patients with different bracket types (stainless steel and esthetic brackets) using polymerase chain reaction and cultivation method.Materials and Methods:Thirty-two patients, aged 13 to 30 years, were selected following these criteria: 1) orthodontic treatment indication, 2) systemic health, and 3) no tobacco and antibiotic consummation for three months prior to the commencement of the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the bracket type; 16 patients formed the conventional bracket group (stainless steel brackets), and 16 patients formed the esthetic bracket group (plastic brackets). The levels of S mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated whole saliva samples were collected prior to fixed orthodontic appliance placement (T1) and 12 weeks after placement (T2), as were the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surface Index (DMFS) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:Statistical analysis (chi-square test) showed no difference in S mutans and S sobrinus counts among patients with different brackets at either T1 or T2. There was no difference in total bacteria counts after fixed orthodontic appliance placement.Conclusion:The number of colony-forming units of S mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated saliva samples does not seem to be significantly different between patients with stainless steel brackets and patients with plastic brackets.     

无托槽隐形矫治器和直丝弓矫治器对切牙牙根吸收的影响

目的:评估使用无托槽隐形矫治器和直丝弓矫治器的患者切牙牙根吸收情况.方法:分别选取28例使用无托槽隐形矫治器(实验组)和直丝弓矫治器(对照组)的患者,分析患者术前、术中6个月及术后的锥形束CT(CBCT)影像.通过测量各时间段的牙根长度,比较2组患者牙根吸收有无差异.对于牙根长度未见变化的患牙,通过CBCT检测其有无单纯唇腭侧和近远中骨质吸收.采用SPSS16.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:术后6个月,实验组患者47.3％的牙出现牙根吸收,显著少于对照组的68.8％ (P＜0.05).2组患者上颌中切牙牙根吸收的发生率均高于其他牙(实验组为55％,对照组为75％).矫治完成后,对照组牙根吸收的发生率上升到85.3％,而实验组上升到68.3％(P＜0.05).部分牙根长度未见减少的牙也存在局部根吸收,骨吸收最常发生在牙根的腭侧面(实验组为18％,对照组为14％).结论:与传统直丝弓矫治器相比,使用无托槽隐形矫治器的患者切牙牙根吸收程度较小.