应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤

目的 探讨应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复各型拇、手指脱套伤的临床疗效.方法 根据不同损伤类型,采取4种方式修复18例28个脱套拇手指:①单侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复9例9个拇指近节中段以远脱套及3例3指近侧指间关节以远脱套;②单侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复2例2指全指脱套;③双侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复1例双侧拇指脱套;④双侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣与带感觉的超薄股前外侧皮瓣修复3例12指脱套.(躅)甲瓣切取时携带全部趾甲,保留(躅)趾趾底偏胫侧三角形皮瓣.结果 18例22块(躅)甲瓣及3块超薄股前外侧皮瓣均一期完全成活.15例获随访8～25个月,再造拇、手指外观接近健侧指体,运动及感觉恢复满意,供区无增生性瘢痕,跖底三角形皮瓣显著增宽,所有患者步行、跑、跳均无明显受限.结论 应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤,不但受区可以获得接近健侧的良好外观和功能,而且可使供区损伤减少到最低限度,是目前显微重建拇、手指脱套伤的最佳术式之一.     

第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指脱套伤

目的探讨第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指皮肤脱套伤的临床效果。方法对23例26指（食、中指）全指皮肤脱套伤,采用第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积最大11．5cm×12．0cm,最小8．0cm×10．0cm。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,随访10-24个月,平均12．4个月,伤指外形及屈伸功能均满意,两点辨别觉为5-8mm。结论采用第2趾甲皮瓣及足背皮瓣修复全指皮肤脱套伤,可最大限度地恢复伤指的外形和功能。     

多角形姆趾腓侧皮瓣塑形第二足趾中段再造拇手指

目的 探讨多角形姆趾腓侧皮瓣塑形第二足趾再造拇、手指的效果.方法 切取第二足趾的同时游离并切取四角或八角形带翼状组织瓣的姆趾腓侧皮瓣,将姆母趾腓侧皮瓣嵌入第二足趾跖侧,多角形姆趾腓侧皮瓣分别嵌入第二足趾趾腹侧的相应位置,翼状组织瓣嵌入两角之间的皮下.方果 再造10例11指全部存活,嵌入的姆趾腓侧皮瓣也全部存活.术后随访时间为3～12个月,再造拇、手指的外形较传统方法移植的第二足趾有不同程度的改善,外形与健侧的拇、手指接近.方论 多角形姆趾腓侧皮瓣嵌入第二足趾,不仅改善了第二足趾中部的狭细外形,也改善了第二足趾的屈曲畸形.     

踇甲瓣切取术后创面的处理

目的 探讨踇甲瓣切取术后创面的覆盖办法.方法 对34例病例其中踇甲瓣再造拇指8例;踇趾腓侧半趾甲瓣移植22例(再造拇指8例、示指10例、中指2例);踇趾背侧甲瓣移植4例,对供区创面采用了带蒂皮瓣(第一跖背皮瓣、第二足趾趾动脉岛状瓣、第二足趾趾背邻趾皮瓣、跗外侧皮瓣):游离皮瓣(跖底内侧皮瓣、腓动脉皮瓣、跗外侧皮瓣)等覆盖. 结果 术后2个月内随访12例,步态正常;4个月随访6例(4例为第一跖背皮瓣、1例腓动脉皮瓣、1例跖底内侧皮瓣).2例皮瓣有保护性的感觉,颜色略黑;跖底内侧皮瓣和第二趾动脉皮瓣,感觉正常.对供区创面用皮瓣修复其外形丰满有弹性,踇趾腓侧半趾甲瓣用皮瓣修复的踇趾外形酷似原踇趾.趾甲皮瓣移植修复外形佳,形成瘢痕少;步态正常;供趾无不适感. 结论 踇趾切取甲瓣、踇趾腓侧半侧甲瓣、踇趾背侧甲瓣后遗留创面采用皮瓣修复既可避免疼痛、破溃等并发症.又使供足有满意的外形,因此是一种理想的修复方法.     

Free great toe wrap-around flap combined with second toe medial flap for reconstruction of completely degloved fingers

Surgical procedure of great toe wrap-around flap combined with second toe medial flap free transfer for reconstructing completely degloved fingers was introduced. The treatment outcomes were evaluated. 10 fingers in 7 cases were involved in this series. The great toe wrap-around flap with dorsalis pedis skin covered the dorsal and most palmar side of the injured finger. The second toe medial flap covered the proximal palmar portion of the finger. The combined flap was revascularized with nerve repair. Rehabilitation started two weeks postoperatively. All flaps survived except one was partial failure due to distal phalange necrosis. Recipient areas achieved primary wound healing in 9 fingers. Skin graft at donor site achieved primary survival except delayed healing in one case. All patients were followed-up from 34 to 76 months. The appearance of reconstructed fingers was satisfactory. Nail growth well except that one nail was the atrophic and another was defect. Range of active motion in the metacarpophalangeal joint was from 60° to 80° and the proximal interphalange joint was 40° to 70°. Two-point discrimination was between 8 mm and 12 mm. All patients walked with no interference. There was no pain and no swelling at donor site. According to the results, this procedure is recommended to reconstruct total degolving finger which has intact phalanges and tendons.     

游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损

目的 报告应用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣移植修复手指指腹缺损的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对70例76指手指指腹缺损的患者,采用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为1.5 cm×1.0 cm～4.0 cm×2.5 cm.皮瓣的供血动脉采用第二足趾胫侧趾底固有动脉60指,采用第一跖背动脉一趾背动脉供血16指.足部供区采用全厚皮片加压植皮.结果 70例76指皮瓣全部存活,其中4指皮瓣在术后3 d内发生动脉危象,经手术探查后动脉危象解除.所有患者经过5～24个月(平均8个月)的随访,皮瓣质地、外形满意,手指功能恢复优良,远侧指间关节活动度为0°～60°,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm.足部供区创面Ⅰ期愈合71趾,植皮中央区部分坏死5趾,经换药后愈合.远期随访植皮区耐磨,不妨碍行走,无破溃发生.结论 应用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损.具有手术操作相对简单、手术时间短、修复后的手指指腹饱满且外形逼真等优点,是一种理想的方法.     

用趾腓侧皮瓣修饰第二足趾移植再造拇指

目的　介绍用趾腓侧皮瓣修饰第二足趾移植再造拇指的方法。方法　利用第一跖背动脉、第一跖底动脉与趾底固有动脉之间在趾蹼处相互吻合的特点 ,在切取第二足趾的同时携带趾腓侧皮瓣 ,并将其嵌入第二足趾跖侧 ,以消除第二足趾中段狭细的外形。临床应用 12例 12指。结果　 12个再造拇指及携带的皮瓣全部成活 ,再造拇指外形非常满意 ,感觉恢复良好。结论　用该方法再造的拇指 ,克服了传统足趾移植后拇指外形较细的缺点 ,形态更逼真。术后对趾供区的外形及功能无明显影响     

Reconstruction of the severe Achilles tendon and soft-tissue loss with the bi-pedicled conjoined flap and vascularized fasciae latae: A consecutive case series of 15 patients

BackgroundHistorically, the segmental loss of the Achilles tendon with overlying soft-tissue defects had been frequently reconstructed with the composite anterolateral thigh (ALTP) flap, including the iliotibial tract or fasciae latae. This study aimed to present our modified combination using the bi-pedicled conjoined flap with vascularized fasciae latae, for the approximately total reconstruction of the Achilles tendon and extensive soft tissue.MethodsFrom May 2015 to March 2018, 15 patients (9 male and 6 female) with a mean age of 36 years (ranged, 18–52 years) underwent microvascular Achilles tendon reconstruction. Harvested on the abdomen and groin, the conjoined flap was chimeric with the vascularized fasciae latae. Primary donor-site closure was accomplished in all patients. A standard assessment of the functional and esthetical outcomes was completed.ResultsMean follow-up time was 42 months (ranged, 32–48 months). The average dimension of the conjoined flap was 25 × 14 cm (ranged, 18 × 10–35 × 18 cm), and the average size of the folded fasciae latae was 15 × 6 cm (ranged, 12 × 5–25 × 8 cm). At the last follow-up, the Thompson test was negative in all patients. The mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 91.0. The mean Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) was 18.5. The mean Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score was 3.0.ConclusionsThe composite bi-pedicled flap including vascularized fasciae latae provides an alternative approach with great functional and esthetic outcomes, in selected patients who suffered severe Achilles tendon and skin defects. The one-stage procedure facilitates better rehabilitation postoperatively.     

足背动脉逆行岛状筋膜瓣联合植皮在甲皮瓣切取后创面修复中的应用

目的 报告应用足背动脉逆行岛状筋膜瓣联合植皮修复甲皮瓣切取后创面的方法及临床疗效.方法 对8例拇指套脱伤应用甲皮瓣移植修复后,供区创面缺损面积最大为3.5 cm×6.8 cm,最小为2.5 cm×4.9 cm.以足背动脉足底穿支为旋转点,足背动脉体表投影为轴线,在踝前设计足背动脉岛状筋膜瓣,切取足背动脉周缘筋膜组织,结扎足背动脉近端分支,逆行转移至趾切取后的创面,并在筋膜上植全厚皮片、不打包.结果 8例甲皮瓣、筋膜瓣及植皮创面全部存活,对足部血供无影响.术后随访时间为3～18个月,修复后的趾保留正常长度,外形良好,植皮区无挛缩,恢复保护性感觉,趾屈伸活动及下肢行走正常.结论 足背动脉逆行岛状筋膜瓣切取简单,便于旋转,血供丰富,且保留了趾的长度,是修复甲皮瓣切取后遗留创面理想的修复方法.

Abstract：

Objective To report the method and clinical outcomes of covering big toe defects after wrap-around flap transfer with dorsalis pedis artery reversed fascial island flap combined with skin graft. Methods Wrap-around flap transfer was used to reconstruct degloved thumbs in 8 cases,which left soft tissue defects of the big toe ranging from 2.5 cm×4.9 cm to 3.5 cm×6.8 cm. The reverse fascial island flap pedicled by the dorsalis pedis artery was designed at the anterior ankle with the plantar perforator as pivot point and the surface projection of dorsal pedis artery as axis. The fascia around the dorsalis pedis artery was included in the flap. Proximal branches of the dorsalis pedis artery were ligated and the flap was lifted and rotated to cover the big toe defect. Full-thickness skin was grafted on top of the fascial flap. Results All flaps and skin grafts survived. Blood supply of the foot was not compromised. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 18 months. The length of the donor big toes was preserved. The contour of toes repaired by flaps was good. There was no contracture of skin grafts. Protective sensation was restored. Walking and motion of the toes was normal. Conclusion Dorsalis pedis artery reversed fascial island flap is easy to harvest and rotate. It has rich blood supply. Transfer of this flap can preserve the length and contour of the big toe and therefore is an ideal method to cover donor site defects left by wrap-around flap harvest.     

第二、三趾联合局部转移皮瓣整形第二趾再造拇手指

目的 介绍以第二、三趾联合局部转移皮瓣整形第二趾再造拇、手指的新方法.方法 对26例再造拇、手指的患者,利用第二跖背动脉或第二趾底总动脉在第三足趾发出的分支血管,设计局部转移皮瓣,将其嵌入第二趾中节的腓侧,以增加第二趾的周径;利用趾背动脉之间、趾背与趾足底动脉之间、趾足底动脉之间存在的吻合,设计趾腹皮瓣,将其嵌入第二趾跖侧,消除再造手指狭细的形态.将第二趾整形后,再移植于手部,再造拇、手指.结果 26例38指,76块局部转移皮瓣全部存活,对供区第三趾血运无影响,再造手指外形非常满意.结论 以第二、三趾局部转移皮瓣对第二趾整形,再进行拇、手指再造,此法是改善再造手指外形的良好方法.     

Reconstruction of a neurocutaneous defect of the proximal phalanx with a heterodigital arterialised nerve pedicle flap

BackgroundComplex digital injuries involving soft-tissue loss and digital nerve defect pose a challenging problem for hand surgeons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transferring the heterodigital arterialised nerve pedicle flap for reconstructing the digital neurocutaneous defects and to compare the results with those of transferring the cross-finger flap and secondary nerve grafting.MethodsFrom March 2008 to September 2011, the nerve pedicle flap was used in 12 patients who had a combination of soft-tissue and digital nerve defects. The injured fingers included four index, four long, three ring and one little finger. The mean size of the soft-tissue losses was 2.4 × 1.9 cm (range, 2.3 × 1.3 to 3.2 × 2.0 cm). The mean flap size was 2.6 × 2.1 cm (range, 2.5 × 1.5 to 3.4 × 2.2 cm). The length of the nerve defects ranged from 1.5 to 3.8 cm (mean, 2.8 cm). The nerve defect was reconstructed with transfer of the digital nerve dorsal branch. For comparison, we collected a series of 24 patients with similar defects treated with the cross-finger flap and secondary free nerve grafting.ResultsSignificant differences were found between the two groups in static two-point discrimination (p < .01) and pain (p = .03) in the reconstructed finger. In comparison, the study group presented better discriminatory sensation on the finger pulp and lower incidence of pain sensibility in the injured finger. There was no significant difference in cold intolerance and Semmes–Weinstein monofilament. In the study group, the total active motion of the donor fingers was similar to that of the opposite hands.ConclusionsThe heterodigital arterialised nerve pedicle flap is useful and reliable for reconstructing the neurocutaneous defects in the proximal phalanx. Comparable sensory recovery and lower pain incidence can be achieved using our nerve pedicle flap instead of conventional nerve grafting.Type of study/level of evidenceTherapeutic II.     

Lambeau hétéro-digital selon le principe du « doigt banque » prélevé chez un orteil dupliqué pour le traitement d’un flessum cutané d’une clinodactylie associée

IntroductionThe correction of cutaneous deficiency encountered in clinodactyly is an important aspect of its treatment. The use of the skin lining of an adjacent duplicated toe as a « spare-part » flap may be of interest in providing good quality tissue.Clinical caseWe report the case of a child with complete duplication of the 5th toe associated with clinodactyly. The use of a heterodactyl flap taken from the amputated toe allows the release of a plantar cutaneous flange of the preserved toe.DiscussionThe concept of « spare-part » flap is mainly used in hand surgery in traumatic lesions of the fingers. Its application in the treatment of clinodactyly on the occasion of the regularization of a polydactyly is also interesting because some fingers or toes are intended to be amputated to render a classical anatomy of five-toed foot. It is necessary for the realization of this type of flap on malformative toes to verify the existence of a distinct viable pedicle of the amputated toe, which can be done only intraoperatively.ConclusionThe surgery for congenital malformations of the toes requires perfect management of the skin capital. The use of a « spare-part » toe flap taken from the toe to be amputated is a viable solution for the treatment of a cutaneous flessum encountered in a clinodactyly of the adjacent finger.     

趾部游离皮瓣修复指腹缺损的临床应用

目的 总结应用趾部游离皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损的临床效果.方法 对手指指腹缺损采用第一足趾腓侧或第二足趾胫侧游离皮瓣修复25例,皮瓣切取面积大小为2.0 cm×3.0 cm～3.5 cm×4.5cm,进行趾底动脉.指固有动脉,皮下静脉-指背静脉吻合重建皮瓣血液循环,趾底神经-指同有神经重建感觉.结果 25例皮瓣全部成活,术后出现血管危象2例,行手术探查后重新吻合血管成活,3个月后行皮瓣整形手术12例.术后随访2个月～2年,平均10个月,手指功能与外观均满意,指腹饱满,感觉及运动恢复正常,两点辨别觉为4～6 mm.结论 应用趾部游离皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损可获较好的临床效果.     

足部皮瓣治疗多指指背复合组织缺损

目的 介绍足部皮瓣治疗多指指背复合组织缺损的临床应用.方法 临床应用7例19指,均为2～4指指背复合组织缺损伤,并伴有伸肌腱缺损及指骨或指间关节外露,并指后指背创面大小为5.0 cm×1.5 cm～9.0 cm×2.5 cm.以(足母)趾腓侧、跖侧界线及第一、二跖骨间隙为轴线设计皮瓣,形状同并指后指背创面,面积稍大.皮瓣切取时携带大隐静脉、趾背静脉和第一跖背、跖底动脉及神经,分别与相应患指指背静脉及指固有动脉、神经吻合.保留趾短或趾长伸肌腱于皮瓣内,以修复指背缺失的伸肌腱.结果 术后皮瓣全部存活,皮瓣质地及外形好,皮瓣两点分辨觉为6～8mm.患指伸指功能得到重建,主、被动屈伸活动恢复满意.足部供区瘢痕轻微,功能良好,外形美观.结论 足背、趾蹼及(足母)趾腓侧复合皮瓣是治疗多指指背复合组织缺损较好的方案之一.     

足内侧远端筋膜蒂皮瓣修复？？及前足背皮肤缺损

目的：探讨足内侧远端筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复及前足背皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法2007年8月-2012年12月,采用足内侧远端筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复及前足背皮肤缺损29例,皮肤缺损面积为2.0 cm×3.0 cm～5.0 cm×8.0 cm,供区直接拉拢缝合或行全厚皮片移植修复。结果本组29例皮瓣全部顺利成活,术后随访6～24个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形及色泽良好,不臃肿,耐磨性好,恢复正常行走功能。供区植皮全部成活,愈合较满意。结论足内侧远端筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣血供可靠、操作简单、质地柔软、耐磨性好,是修复及前足背皮肤缺损的一种较好的手术方法。     

趾腓侧皮瓣嵌入第二足趾改形法再造拇手指

目的　研究第二足趾改形方法 ,使再造后的手指外形更美观。方法　切取第二足趾的同时游离并切取带翼状组织瓣的趾腓侧皮瓣 ,将趾腓侧皮瓣嵌入第二足趾跖侧 ,趾腓侧皮瓣上的翼状组织瓣嵌入第二足趾中部两侧皮下。结果　再造 3 6例 46指全部成活 ,嵌入的趾腓侧皮瓣也全部成活。术后随访 6～ 2 4个月 ,再造的拇指及 2～ 4指 (第二足趾 )的外形 ,较传统的第二足趾移植有了不同程度的改善。结论　趾腓侧皮瓣嵌入第二足趾 ,能较好地改变第二足趾外形 ,使之更接近正常的拇指与手指     

Transversely‐inset great toe hemi‐pulp flap transfer for the reconstruction of a thumb‐tip defect

Thumb‐tip defect is a common traumatic disease, and replantation of an amputated thumb‐tip is the first choice of treatment when available. When an amputee is not available, local flaps such as volar advancement flap are used for reconstruction. However, it is difficult to cover whole defect area by a local flap when a defect is relatively large. In this report, we present a case of the use of a free great toe hemi‐pulp flap transfer to reconstruct a thumb‐tip defect. A 69‐year‐old right‐handed male suffered from the right thumb‐tip crush amputation in Tamai Zone 2. The distal phalanx and the nail matrix were preserved, and the defect size was 5 cm × 4 cm. The thumb‐tip was reconstructed with a free great toe hemi‐pulp flap under local anesthesia. The flap included extended subcutaneous adiposal tissue (skin size 4.5 cm × 3 cm; fat size 4.5 cm × 5.5 cm) to reconstruct the nail bed, and was transversely inset at the recipient site to cover the whole area of the defect. The donor site could be primarily closed without skin grafting. At postoperative 6 months, the patient was satisfied with good results of the reconstructed thumb‐tip and the donor site. Transversely‐inset great toe hemi‐pulp flap may be useful to reconstruct a thumb‐tip defect, which allows relatively wide defect reconstruction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:235–238, 2015.     

双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤

目的 探讨双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤的方法.方法 2005年1月至2008年3月,对28例28指末节脱套伤患者,应用双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣修复,其中示指10指,中指13指,环指5指,缺损平面均在远侧指问关节以远,脱套末节长度0.8～2.2 cm.急诊手术24指,末节皮肤坏死二期手术4指.结果 28例28指皮瓣.除3例皮瓣远端部分张力性水泡形成表皮坏死结痴经换药愈合外,余全部成活.25例经4～27个月随访,外形、感觉和功能恢复满意,静态两点辨距觉达6.0～9.0 mm,平均7.6 mm.结论 双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤,手术简便、安全,疗程短,效果满意.     

双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤

目的 探讨双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤的方法.方法 2005年1月至2008年3月,对28例28指末节脱套伤患者,应用双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣修复,其中示指10指,中指13指,环指5指,缺损平面均在远侧指问关节以远,脱套末节长度0.8～2.2 cm.急诊手术24指,末节皮肤坏死二期手术4指.结果 28例28指皮瓣.除3例皮瓣远端部分张力性水泡形成表皮坏死结痴经换药愈合外,余全部成活.25例经4～27个月随访,外形、感觉和功能恢复满意,静态两点辨距觉达6.0～9.0 mm,平均7.6 mm.结论 双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤,手术简便、安全,疗程短,效果满意.     

双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤

目的 探讨双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤的方法.方法 2005年1月至2008年3月,对28例28指末节脱套伤患者,应用双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣修复,其中示指10指,中指13指,环指5指,缺损平面均在远侧指问关节以远,脱套末节长度0.8～2.2 cm.急诊手术24指,末节皮肤坏死二期手术4指.结果 28例28指皮瓣.除3例皮瓣远端部分张力性水泡形成表皮坏死结痴经换药愈合外,余全部成活.25例经4～27个月随访,外形、感觉和功能恢复满意,静态两点辨距觉达6.0～9.0 mm,平均7.6 mm.结论 双蒂掌背动脉逆行皮瓣治疗手指末节脱套伤,手术简便、安全,疗程短,效果满意.