腹腔镜辅助改良Soave术治疗成人先天性巨结肠症

目的 评价腹腔镜辅助改良Soave术治疗成人先天性巨结肠症（HD）的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2005年3月至2009年12月间行腹腔镜辅助改良Soave术的28例术前诊断为成人HD患者的临床资料.结果 本组28例患者均成功实施了腹腔镜辅助改良Soave术,无中转开腹.手术时间135～185（165±12）min,术中出血量50～250 ml,无一例术中输血.术后病理诊断示：19例符合HD,9例符合先天性巨结肠类缘病.术后直肠肌鞘感染2例,肛门口轻度污粪3例,平均住院时间（17.5±1.0）d.术后随访无排粪失禁及便秘复发.结论 腹腔镜辅助改良Soave术治疗成人HD安全、有效.     

腹腔镜辅助改良Soave术治疗成人先天性巨结肠症

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopy-assisted modified Soave procedure for Hirschsprung disease in adults.Methods Twenty-eight patients with a preoperative diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease underwent laparoscopy-assisted modified Soave procedure between March 2005 and December 2009.Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were no conversions to open surgery.The mean operative time was (165±12) minutes (range:135-185 minutes).Estimated blood loss ranged from 50 to 250 ml,and no patients required intraoperative blood transfusion.Postoperative pathologic examination showed Hirschsprung diseases in 19 patients and Hirschsprung allied diseases in 9.Only two patients developed rectal cuff infection and three mild seepage.Other patients had no postoperative complications.The mean hospital stay was (17.5±1.0)days.No fecal incontinence or recurrent constipation occurred during follow-up.Conclusion Laparoscopyassisted modified Soave procedure is safe and effective for Hirschsprung disease.     

Duhamel operation vs. transanal endorectal pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

To compare treatment outcomes in children with Hirschsprung's disease who underwent treatment using the Duhamel or TERPT surgical procedures.

The problematic Soave cuff in Hirschsprung disease: Manifestations and treatment

Purpose

Following a Soave pull-through for Hirschsprung disease (HD), some children struggle with obstructive symptoms. We hypothesized that these symptoms could result from a functional obstruction of the pull through caused by the Soave cuff, and that cuff resection might improve bowel emptying.

Methods

We reviewed patients referred to our center from 2008 to 2012 with obstructive problems following a Soave pull-through for HD (CCHMC IRB # 2011–2019). Only patients with an obstructing Soave cuff were analyzed. Patients with other reasons for obstruction (anastomotic stricture, transition zone, aganglionic segment) were excluded.

Results

Thirty-six patients underwent reoperation at our center for obstructive symptoms after an initial Soave pull-through. Seventeen of these patients had a Soave cuff only as the potential source of obstruction. Pre-operative symptoms included enterocolitis (10), constipation (6), and failure to thrive (1). Nine patients (53%) required irrigations to manage distension or enterocolitis pre-operatively. 14/17 patients (82%) had a palpable cuff on rectal exam. Eight patients (47%) had radiographic evidence of a cuff demonstrated by distal narrowing (4) or a prominent presacral space (4). Four children (23%) underwent excision of the cuff only. Thirteen (76%) had removal of the cuff and proximally dilated colon [(average length 7.2 cm) (12 performed transanally, and five needed laparotomy as well.)] Post-operatively, episodes of enterocolitis were reduced to zero, and need for irrigation to treat distension was reduced by 50%. Nine patients have voluntary bowel movements, and five are clean on enemas. 3/6 patients with pre-operative constipation or impaction now empty without enemas. (Follow up 1–17 months, mean 7 months.)

Conclusions

Recurrent enterocolitis, constipation, or failure to thrive can indicate a functional obstruction due to a Soave cuff when no other pathologic cause exists. Physical exam or contrast enema can identify a problematic cuff. Reoperation with cuff resection can dramatically improve bowel emptying.     

腹腔镜辅助经肛门Soave拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠症及同类性疾病

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助经肛门Soave手术治疗先天性巨结肠症及同类性疾病的可行性和效果.方法 2010年3月至2011年12月,对31例先天性巨结肠症及同类性疾病的患儿实施腹腔镜辅助经肛门Soave手术,作者改进这种技术,在经脐或经肛门腹腔镜监视下联合直肠肌鞘入路游离左半结肠或全部结肠,然后拖出体外完成直肠乙状结肠或次全结肠切除术. 结果 本组31例患儿均顺利完成手术,16例行直肠乙状结肠切除,15例次全结肠切除术,平均手术时间(117 ±13) min,切除肠段35 ～ 80 cm,术中估计出血5～20 ml,1例因小肠梗阻开腹探查.随访无吻合口狭窄和便秘复发,仅1例出现小肠结肠炎.结论 经脐或经肛门腹腔镜辅助Soave手术治疗先天性巨结肠及同类性疾病安全、有效,手术创伤更小.     

One-stage transanal Soave pullthrough for Hirschsprung disease: a multicenter experience with 141 children

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) has evolved from the original 3-stage approach to the recent introduction of minimal-access single-stage techniques. We reviewed the early results of the transanal Soave pullthrough from 6 of the original centers to use it. METHODS: The clinical course of all children with HD undergoing a 1-stage transanal Soave pullthrough between 1995 and 2002 were reviewed. Children with a preliminary stoma or total colonic disease were excluded. RESULTS: There were 141 patients. Mean time between diagnosis and surgery was 32 days, and mean age at surgery was 146 days. Sixty-six (47%) underwent surgery in the first month of life. Forty-seven (33%) had the pathologic transition zone documented laparoscopically or through a small umbilical incision before beginning the anal dissection. Mean blood loss was 16 mL, and no patients required transfusion. Mean time to full feeding was 36 hours, mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.4 days, and 87 patients (62%) required only acetaminophen for pain. Early postoperative complications included perianal excoriation (11%), enterocolitis (6%), and stricture (4%). One patient died of congenital cardiac disease. Mean follow-up was 20 months; 81% had normal bowel function for age, 18% had minor problems, and 1% had major problems. Two patients required a second operation (twisted pullthrough, and residual aganglionosis). One patient developed postoperative adhesive bowel obstruction. CONCLUSION: To date, this report represents the largest series of patients undergoing the 1-stage transanal Soave pullthrough. This approach is safe, permits early feeding, causes minimal pain, facilitates early discharge, and presents a low rate of complications.     

腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠(附73例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析2002~2010年应用腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗73例新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床资料。结果:73例手术均获成功,患儿腹胀、便秘等临床症状消失,大便每天5~19次,腹部切口均愈合良好。术后小肠结肠炎6例,肛周皮炎23例,污粪5例,无复发、肠粘连、吻合口瘘、结肠回缩等并发症发生。术后随访,随小儿年龄增长,大便次数逐渐减少,术后3个月大便呈糊状,6~12个月后大便接近正常,排便功能优良率98%。结论:腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠具有患儿创伤小、操作简单、安全、有效、并发症少等优点,特别是对长段型巨结肠、全结肠型巨结肠优势明显。     

Laparotomic versus laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through for Hirschsprung disease in infants and children

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the results from laparotomic and laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through in the treatment of Hirschsprung disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our department, the Duhamel pull-through technique was adopted in most patients and the laparoscopic technique used since 1999 follows the original Duhamel procedure. Patients were identified retrospectively and followed up in our outpatient clinic. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Between January 1992 and March 1999, 21 children with Hirschsprung disease underwent primary surgical correction using the classic open Duhamel pull-through. The mean age at operation was 14 months, the median operating time was 297 minutes, and the average postoperative stay was 10 days. From April 1999 to December 2003, 22 children underwent laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through. The mean age at operation was 14.6 months, the mean operative time was 253 minutes, and the mean postoperative stay was 6.8 days. The rates of early (4.7% vs. 4.7%) and late (19% vs. 23.8%) complications were similar in the two groups, but in the laparoscopic group the mean operative time and postoperative hospital stay were lower. CONCLUSION: With these encouraging results, laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through has become our procedure of choice in the surgical management of Hirschsprung's disease.     

Duhamel pull-through for Hirschsprung disease: a comparison of open and laparoscopic techniques

PurposeVarious pull-through techniques, both open and laparoscopic, have been performed for Hirschsprung disease. Our study compares open and laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through.MethodsAfter ethical approval, we reviewed all children (n = 181) with Hirschsprung disease admitted to our institution between 1999 and 2009. We excluded total colonic aganglionosis (n = 14), previous pull-through done elsewhere (n = 33), or follow-up performed abroad (n = 58). Open and laparoscopic pull-through were done in the same period according to surgeon preference. Data were analyzed using χ² or Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsSeventy-six children had a Duhamel pull-through for rectosigmoid aganglionosis. Operative time, time to full feeds, and length of hospital stay were similar in each group.Open (n = 41)Fifteen children (37%) required 33 further procedures. Fourteen had procedures for persistent constipation, including redo Duhamel (n = 2), stoma formation (n = 2), spur division (n = 2), and dilatation/stretch/Botox/rectal biopsy/manual evacuation (n = 23). Three children had other procedures (adhesiolysis [n = 2] and incisional hernia repair [n = 1]).Laparoscopic (n = 35)Fourteen children (40%) required 30 further procedures. Eleven had procedures for persistent constipation, including redo Duhamel (n = 1), stoma formation (n = 4), spur division (n = 9), and dilatation/stretch/rectal biopsy (n = 8). Three children had other procedures (adhesiolysis [n = 1] and incisional hernia repair [n = 2]). There were 4 conversions.ConclusionOpen and laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through have similar outcomes. We show that the techniques have comparable operative times and hospital stay.     

One-stage Soave pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease: a comparison of the transanal and open approaches

PURPOSE: The authors reviewed their experience using the transanal Soave technique, to determine (1) if it offers any advantages over the standard open approach and (2) whether routine laparoscopic visualization is necessary. METHODS: The case reports of 37 consecutive children less than 3 years old undergoing Soave pull-through were reviewed. Patients were excluded from analysis if they had total colon disease or had a previous colostomy. The patients were divided into 3 groups: open Soave (OS, n = 13), transanal Soave with routine laparoscopic visualization (LVS, n = 9), and transanal Soave with selective laparoscopy or minilaparotomy (TAS, n = 15). Cost was calculated based on hospital stay, operating room time, and use of laparoscopic equipment. RESULTS: In the TAS group, suspicion of a longer segment led to the selective use of laparoscopy with or without biopsy in 2 children, and the use of a small umbilical incision for mobilization of the splenic flexure in 2. There were no differences among groups with respect to age, weight, gender, transition zone, operating time, blood loss, intraoperative complications, enterocolitis, or stricture or cuff narrowing. Hospital stay was significantly longer in the OS group (median, 7 days; range, 3 to 47) than the LVS (median, 1; range 1 to 6) or TAS (median, 1, range, 1 to 3) groups. Cost (in thousands of dollars) was also higher in the OS group (median, 6.9; range, 3.9-25.7) than the LVS (median, 3.9; range, 3.6 to 6.4) or TAS (median, 3.4; range, 2.2 to 9.4) groups. Repeat surgery was necessary for 4 OS patients: 2 adhesive small bowel obstructions (1 of whom died), 1 twisted pull-through, and 1 recurrent aganglionosis. Three TAS patients required repeat surgery: 1 twisted pull-through, 1 anastomotic leak, and 1 cuff narrowing. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the transanal pull-through is associated with a significantly shorter hospital stay and lower cost than the open approach, without an increased risk of complications. Because there is no intraabdominal dissection, there probably is a lower incidence of adhesive bowel obstruction. Routine laparoscopic visualization or minilaparotomy is not necessary but should be used in children who are at higher risk for long segment disease.     

先天性巨结肠经肛-期直肠内拖出手术疗效与术后排粪情况研究

目的探讨经肛-期直肠内拖出术（TOSEPT）治疗先天性巨结肠的安全性、有效性及术后排粪情况。方法回顾性分析2005年4月至2011年4月间在广州医学院第三附属医院接受TOSEPT的56例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料。将患儿按手术年龄分为新生儿组（2l例,手术年龄在出生后1个月以内）和非新生儿组（45例）,比较两组患儿的术中及术后情况。结果56例患儿手术时间（121．5±39．2）min,切除肠段（17．6±4．2）cm,术中出血（34．6±5．2）ml,术后住院时间（7．2±3．6）d．术后6例（10．6％）患儿出现并发症（小肠结肠炎4例,便秘复发2例）,其中接受再次手术的2例和长期便秘尚未解决的1例患儿视为手术失败。手术成功的53例患儿术后经（9．2±5．8）周的排粪过渡期均最终恢复正常排粪。与非新生儿组相比．新生儿组患儿手术时间和术后住院时间均明显缩短,但术后排粪过渡期显著延长（均P〈0．05）;两组患儿术中出血量和术后并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论TOSEPT治疗先天性巨结肠安全、有效,但术后需要一个排粪过渡期来恢复正常排粪。尽管相对于婴幼患儿．新生患儿手术时间和术后住院时间均明显缩短．但在疗效评价时应同时考虑其显著延长的排粪过渡期。     

Stabilization period after 1-stage transanal endorectal pull-through operation for Hirschsprung disease

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative outcomes and to find the period required for normal stooling pattern after the 1-stage transanal endorectal pull-through operation (TERPT).

Method

The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and postoperative courses of 61 patients who had the aganglionic bowel confined to rectosigmoid and underwent TERPT between 2001 and 2007.

Results

Thirty-three patients (54.1%) were neonates, and 56 patients (91.8%) were less than 6 months old at operation. The mean age at TERPT was 90 ± 216 days, and the mean body weight at TERPT was 4.5 ± 2.8 kg. The average operating time was 189 ± 49 minutes, and mean length of bowel resection was 11.1 ± 3.2 cm. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.0 ± 3.6 days. Postoperatively, 5 (8.2%) patients were considered as failure of TERPT because of persistent problems in defecation. Fifty-six (91.8%) patients finally had normal stooling patterns and normal findings in abdominal radiography after 9.4 ± 6.2 weeks of the mean postoperative stabilization period. Neonatal cases had significantly longer postoperative stabilization periods than nonneonatal cases (11.3 ± 6.9 weeks vs 7.3 ± 4.6 weeks, P = .016). The postoperative stabilization period significantly decreased by age at operation as the patient's age increased (P = .018).

Conclusion

Clinical outcomes after TERPT are satisfactory, but a postoperative stabilization period is required for a normal stooling pattern to develop. The outcome of TERPT should consider a postoperative stabilization period.     

先天性巨结肠症腹腔镜Soave改良根治术的体会

目的:总结腹腔镜Soave改良根治术治疗新生儿及小婴儿先天性巨结肠症的临床经验。方法:为患儿施行腹腔镜Soave改良巨结肠根治术。结果:全组无中转开腹病例,平均手术时间125m in。患儿均在术后第1天开始喂水,术后应用抗生素2~5d,平均3d。输液3~5d,平均4d,腹部小戳孔,愈合好,无感染,术后6~10d出院,平均7d。近期随访效果良好。结论:腹腔镜手术后患儿进食早,输液及抗生素应用时间短,住院时间短,创伤小,康复快,腹部疤痕小,外观美观,与开腹手术相比有一定的优越性,新生儿及小婴儿同样适用。     

腹腔镜辅助与单纯经肛门手术行一期Soave拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术行一期经肛门Soave拖出术的优点及常规腹腔镜探查的必要性。方法:回顾分析110例巨结肠患者行经肛门Soave拖出术的临床资料。分为两组:常规腹腔镜辅助经肛门Soave组(LTS,n=73),单纯经肛门并选择性应用腹腔镜手术组(TS,n=37)。分析两组手术过程,比较肠蠕动恢复时间、手术时间、并发症及近期排便情况。结果:TS组中3例因拖出结肠移行段不明确选择性应用腹腔镜,3例长段型巨结肠单纯经肛门游离系膜困难用腹腔镜游离系膜和脾曲。两组患者年龄、性别、移行区位置、小肠结肠炎、肛门狭窄、吻合口并发症、肠蠕动恢复时间、手术时间等无显著差异。LTS组肛门部解剖时间51～71min,平均61min,明显短于TS组;手术费用LTS组比TS组平均高约2 000元。LTS组2例患儿因吻合口瘘行肠造瘘术。TS组5例患者需再次手术,1例吻合口瘘行肠造瘘,1例肠扭转,1例肛门回缩、狭窄,2例便秘复发。术后随访3个月～8年,平均4年6个月,两组近期排便功能相似。结论:单纯经肛门Soave术能完成多数短段型和常见型巨结肠的诊治,费用低于腹腔镜Soave手术,近期排便功能良好,不需常规应用腹腔镜。但当拖出困难、疑为长段型时则应使用。腹腔镜辅助Soave术是更全面的技术,适于不同类型的患者。     

Clinical outcome in children after transanal 1-stage endorectal pull-through operation for Hirschsprung disease

Background/Purpose

Recently, the transanal 1-stage pull-through operation has been widely used in Hirschsprung disease (HD), and it is obviously superior to traditional approach in early term for its noninversion. However, the procedure is relatively so new that it makes assessment of the functional outcome and stooling patterns difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the transanal 1-stage endorectal pull-through operation in the management of rectosigmoid HD.

Methods

Fifty-eight children (39 boys and 19 girls) aged 12 months to 13 years (mean, 2 years) who underwent transanal 1-stage endorectal pull-through operation for HD were followed up from 6 to 24 months. Clinical outcome was assessed by interviews and questionnaires. All patients had an aganglionic segment confined to the rectosigmoid area which was confirmed by the preoperative barium enema and postoperative pathological examination.

Results

Forty-six patients had satisfactory results without complications. In all the children, the mean stool times were 1 to 2 per day; only 4 had mean stool times of 8 to 10 per day. Postoperative soiling was present in 9, constipation in 5, and HD-associated enterocolitis in 3. There were no incontinence, cuff infection, anastomotic leak, and mortality in any of the patients. In the 12 symptomatic patients, there were 4 children with length of aganglionic segment less than 30 cm, and 8 had 30 cm or more. In the 46 asymptomatic patients, 42 had length of aganglionic segment less than 30 cm, and 4 had 30 cm or more. There was a significant difference between the group with less than 30 cm and the group with 30 cm or more of aganglionic segment. For statistical analysis, the Fisher exact test showed P < .05.

Conclusions

The transanal 1-stage endorectal pull-through is a feasible and safe procedure in children with rectosigmoid HD. The clinical outcome is satisfactory. A gradual recovery could be noted in the stooling patterns along with the time after surgery. The younger the patient operated on and the shorter the aganglionic segment, the lower do the stooling disorders occur and the faster does the stooling function recover.     

Early and late outcomes of primary laparoscopic endorectal colon pull-through leaving a short rectal seromuscular sleeve for Hirschsprung disease

Aim

To report early and late outcomes of laparoscopic colon pull-through leaving a short rectal sleeve for Hirschsprung disease.

Methods

Laparoscopic endorectal colon pull-through was performed using 4 ports. The ganglionic and aganglionic segments were initially identified by seromuscular biopsies obtained laparoscopically. The rest of the procedure was carried out according to Georgeson's technique. However, we left a short rectal seromuscular sleeve of 1.5 to 2 cm above the dentate line.

Results

From January 2001 to December 2007, 200 patients were operated upon by the same surgeon. Ages ranged from 14 days to 36 months old. The aganglionic segment was located in the rectum in 112 patients, in the sigmoid colon in 80 children, and in the left colon in 8 patients. The median operating time was 152 minutes. There were no perioperative deaths. Conversion to open surgery was required in four patients. There was minimal blood loss during the surgery. Oral intakes of clear fluid were started 12 hours after surgery and advanced to formula on the second day. In 1 patient, a small intestinal perforation occurred 3 days after surgery, requiring a diverting ileostomy. The mean hospital stay was 6.6 days (range, 4-12 days). Follow-up ranging from 5 to 85 months was obtained in 157 patients; 124 patients (79%) had 1 to 4 defecations a day, 17 (11%) had 5 to 6, and 8 had more than 6. Fecal incontinence occurred in 3 patients (2.0%), constipation in 5 patients (3.0%), and enterocolitis in 15 patients (9.5%). Anastomotic fistula occurred in 2 patients.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic endorectal pull-through leaving a short rectal seromuscular sleeve is a safe and effective procedure for Hirschsprung disease.     

腹腔镜结合肛门外离断术治疗先天性巨结肠的疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜结合肛门外离断术治疗先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2014年5月至2017年5月收治的60例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料,均行腹腔镜结合肛门外离断术,观察术后疗效、并发症及预后。结果:60例均顺利完成手术,手术时间平均(235.36±40.25)min,出血量平均(79.36±6.25)ml,肠蠕动恢复时间平均(28.69±5.24)h,恢复正常排便时间平均(3.69±0.12)个月,均未发生结肠缺血坏死、腹盆腔大出血、直肠肌鞘感染等严重并发症,术后3个月内发生2例(3.33%)切口感染,3例(5.00%)粘连性肠梗阻、2例(3.33%)直肠黏膜脱垂,1例(1.67%)小肠结肠炎;术后3~12个月发生2例污粪,2例小肠结肠炎。患者经药物、扩肛、抗炎输液等治疗均明显好转,逐渐恢复正常的排便频率,每日1~3次,平均排便频率(2.36±0.05)次。结论:腹腔镜结合肛门外离断术治疗先天性巨结肠安全、有效,操作简便,并发症发生率低。     

A follow-up study on postoperative function after a transanal Soave 1-stage endorectal pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung's disease

Objective

The aim of the study is to appraise bowel movements in children with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) after a transanal Soave 1-stage endorectal pull-through (TAS) procedure.

Methods

From October 2000 to October 2004, 44 patients with HD underwent a TAS procedure, 35 had a Soave operation via a laparotomy, 29 underwent a Soave procedure via laparoscopy, and 39 had an Ikeda-Soper procedure; the patients were followed up from 1 to 5 years after surgery. Evaluation of the perioperative therapeutic effect and postoperative bowel movements between the 4 groups were analyzed by Kelly's score and anorectal manometry.

Results

The TAS procedure required less operative time and costs than the Soave procedure via laparotomy or laparoscopy (P < .05) and less than that of Ikeda-Soper procedure for the duration of the preoperative preparation, the duration of the surgical procedure, intraoperative blood transfusions, days of postoperative fasting, antibiotic use, and days and cost of hospitalization (P < .01). There were no differences in short-term and long-term complications between the same Soave procedures; the Soave procedure exceeded the Ikeda-Soper operation in the incidence of enterocolitis 3 months postoperatively (P < .05), but there was no difference between the TAS procedure and the Ikeda-Soper procedure. There was no difference in bowel movements 12 months postoperatively and the rectal anal inhibitory reflex, high-pressure zone length, resting anal canal pressure, and the sensation threshold 1 year postoperatively between the TAS procedure and the Ikeda-Soper procedure, but the active contractile pressure was lower after the TAS procedure than the Ikeda-Soper procedure.

Conclusions

The TAS procedure is more suitable than the Soave operation via laparotomy or laparoscopy and Ikeda-Soper procedure and is feasible in infants with short segment type and common type HD.