右美托咪定联合布托啡诺对剖宫产术后镇痛和恢复的作用

目的观察右美托咪定联合布托啡诺用于剖宫产术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的效果,以及对患者术后恢复的影响。方法择期硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产术初产妇84例,随机分为对照组:术后行PCIA,给予布托啡诺10 mg;实验组:胎儿娩出夹闭脐带后即刻静脉泵注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,术后行PCIA,给予右美托咪啶200μg+布托啡诺10 mg。监测并记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和脉搏血氧饱和度(Sp O2);术后对疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分和不良反应观察记录;术后对24 h镇痛泵总按压次数以及追加补救镇痛药种类、次数记录。采用QoR-40量表(QoR-40)和FSS疲劳量表(FSS)评估产妇术后恢复情况。结果与对照组比较,实验组患者各时间点VAS评分、不良反应发生率和术后FSS疲劳量表评分均显著降低(P<0.05);镇痛泵按压次数显著减少(P<0.05);术后第3天QoR-40量表评分显著增高(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定联合布托啡诺用于剖宫产术后PCIA可以减少布托啡诺的使用量,并且能够缓解患者术后疲劳,促进术后恢复。     

全自动气囊仿生助产联合硬膜外自控镇痛对自然分娩产妇产后盆底功能的影响

目的：观察全自动气囊仿生助产联合硬膜外自控镇痛在自然分娩产妇中的应用效果,及对产妇盆底功能的影响。方法：前瞻性选取200例接受自然分娩的产妇为研究对象,并随机分为对照组和观察组,各100例。两组患者均给予硬膜外自控镇痛,观察组在此基础上给予全自动气囊仿生助产。比较两组产妇自然分娩率、妊娠结局和新生儿结局的差异。结果：观察组产妇顺产率为98.00%,对照组顺产率为93.00%,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(校正χ²=1.862,P=0.172);两组新生儿出生后1 min和5 min的Apgar评分无差别(P>0.05);观察组产妇产后出血量为(143.09±7.52)mL,低于对照组的(187.52±10.34)mL,且尿潴留和尿失禁发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者满意率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：全自动气囊仿生助产联合硬膜外自控镇痛在自然分娩产妇中的应用较好,可降低产后尿失禁等并发症的发生率,改善产妇的盆底功能,具有应用价值。     

Effect of combined single-injection femoral nerve block and patient-controlled epidural analgesia in patients undergoing total knee replacement

Purpose

Total knee replacement is one of the most painful orthopedic procedures, and effective pain relief is essential for early mobility and discharge from hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether addition of single-injection femoral nerve block to epidural analgesia would provide better postoperative pain control, compared to epidural analgesia alone, after total knee replacement.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-eight patients received a single-injection femoral nerve block with 0.25% levobupivacaine (30 mL) combined with epidural analgesia (femoral nerve block group) and 40 patients received epidural analgesia alone (control group). Pain intensity and volume of patient-controlled epidural analgesia medication and rescue analgesic requirements were measured in the first 48 hours after surgery at three time periods; 0-6 hours, 6-24 hours, and 24-48 hours. Also, side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and pruritus were evaluated.

Results

Median visual analog scale at rest and movement was significantly lower until 48 hours in the femoral nerve block group. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia volume was significantly lower throughout the study period, however, rescue analgesia requirements were significantly lower only up to 6 hours in the femoral nerve block group. The incidences of nausea and vomiting and rescue antiemetic requirement were significantly lower in the femoral nerve block group up to 6 hours.

Conclusion

The combination of femoral nerve block with epidural analgesia is an effective pain management regimen in patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement.     

剖宫产术后早期子宫瘢痕部位妊娠11例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠（CSP）早期诊断及治疗方法。方法对2002年至2008年我院收治的11例剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠患者资料进行回顾分析。结果11例病例临床表现缺乏特异性,4例误诊为宫内早孕;1例误诊为滋养细胞疾病而给以化疗。阴道大出血4例给予子宫动脉栓塞后行清宫术;氨甲喋呤联合米非司酮治疗6例,4例成功,2例失败后行开腹局部病灶切除术。所有患者均痊愈出院,随诊HCG值至正常。结论超声检查是诊断CSP的简单可靠方法;子宫动脉栓塞可以迅速止血,栓塞后联合药物或手术治疗是安全有效的治疗方法,刮宫术前需用氨甲蝶呤联合米非司酮进行有效地杀胚治疗。     

Beneficial effects of adding ketamine to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl after the Nuss procedure in pediatric patients

Purpose

The aim of this prospective, double-blind, randomized study was to investigate the analgesic effects of low-dose ketamine on intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) with fentanyl for pain control in pediatric patients following the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum.

Materials and Methods

Sixty pediatric patients undergoing the Nuss procedure were randomly assigned to receive fentanyl (Group F, n=30) or fentanyl plus ketamine (Group FK, n=30). Ten minutes before the end of surgery, following the loading dose of each solution, 0.5 µg/kg/hr of fentanyl or 0.5 µg/kg/hr of fentanyl plus 0.15 mg/kg/hr of ketamine was infused via an IV-PCA pump (basal rate, 1 mL/hr; bolus, 0.5 mL; lock out interval, 30 min). Fentanyl consumption, pain score, ketorolac use, nausea/vomiting, ondansetron use, pruritus, respiratory depression, hallucination, dreaming, and parent satisfaction with pain control were measured throughout the 48 hours following surgery.

Results

The pain scores, ketorolac use, and fentanyl consumption of Group FK were significantly lower than in Group F (p<0.05). The incidence of nausea/vomiting and ondansetron use in Group FK was significantly lower than in Group F (p<0.05). There were no reports of respiratory depression, hallucination or dreaming. Parent satisfaction with pain control was similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

We concluded that low-dose ketamine added to IV-PCA with fentanyl after the Nuss procedure in pediatric patients can reduce pain scores, consumption of fentanyl, and incidence of nausea/vomiting without increasing side effects.     

A randomised controlled trial comparing weight adjusted dose versus fixed dose prophylactic phenylephrine infusion on maintaining systolic blood pressure during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

BackgroundSpinal anaesthesia is the standard of care for elective caesarean delivery. It has advantages over general anaesthesia. However the sympathetic blockade induced by spinal anaesthesia results in an 80 percent incidence of hypotension without prophylactic management. Current evidence supports co-loading with intravenous fluids in conjunction with the use of vasopressors as the most effective way to prevent and treat the hypotension. Phenylephrine is the accepted vasopressor of choice in the parturient. A prophylactic phenylephrine infusion combined with a fluid co-load is proven to be an effective and safe method of maintaining maternal hemodynamic stability. While most published studies have assessed the effectiveness of a prophylactic phenylephrine fixed dose infusion, few studies have assessed the effect of a prophylactic phenylephrine weight adjusted dose infusion on maintaining maternal hemodynamic stability following spinal anesthesia for a cesarean delivery.ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of hypotension between women undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, receiving prophylactic phenylephrine infusion at a fixed dose of 37.5 micrograms per minute versus a weight adjusted dose of 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minute.MethodsOne hundred and eight patients scheduled for non-urgent caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomized into 2 groups; control group and intervention group using a computer generated table of numbers.Control group; Received prophylactic phenylephrine fixed dose infusion at 37.5 micrograms per minute.Intervention group; Received prophylactic phenylephrine weight adjusted dose infusion at 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minuteResultsThe two groups had similar baseline characteristics in terms of; Age, sex, weight and height. There was a 35.2% incidence of hypotension in the fixed dose group and an 18.6% incidence of hypotension in the weight adjusted dose group. This difference was found to be of borderline statistical significance p-value 0.05, and the difference in the incidence rates between the two groups was found to be statistically significant p= 0.03. The difference in the incidence of reactive hypertension and bradycardia between the two groups was not statistically significant: p-value of 0.19 for reactive hypertension and p-value of 0.42 for the incidence of bradycardia. There was also no statistically significant difference in the use of phenylephrine boluses, use of atropine, intravenous fluid used and the number of times the infusion was stopped.ConclusionAmong this population, the incidence of hypotension was significantly less in the weight adjusted dose group than in the fixed dose group. There was no difference in the number of physician interventions required to keep the blood pressure within 20% of baseline, and no difference in the proportion of reactive hypertension or bradycardia between the two groups. Administering prophylactic phenylephrine infusion at a weight adjusted dose of 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minute results in a lower incidence of hypotension compared to its administration at a fixed dose of 37.5 micrograms per minute.     

连续髂筋膜阻滞和硬膜外阻滞下行全髋置换后镇痛的比较

背景：硬膜外持续镇痛曾被认为是下肢术后镇痛的金标准,其效果确切,全身不良反应较少,临床上普遍采用。但此法有低血压及尿潴留等不良反应,且患者在术后常规需应用低分子肝素抗凝,有增加硬膜外血肿的可能性,限制了硬膜外镇痛的临床使用。目前超声引导下连续髂筋膜腔隙阻滞技术的相关研究报道甚少。 目的：评价连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞和连续硬膜外阻滞两种不同镇痛方法对全髋关节置换后镇痛效果和关节功能恢复的影响。 方法：将60例择期行全髋关节置换患者分为2组：连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组和连续硬膜外镇痛组(n=30)。两组患者在全身麻醉诱导前均接受预注量,连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组经髂筋膜间隙注入0.25%罗哌卡因30 mL,连续硬膜外阻滞组经硬膜外导管注入0.20%罗哌卡因10 mL,均留置导管。待镇痛效果明确后,全麻插管。术毕两组分别经髂筋膜间隙、硬膜外连接镇痛泵持续给药,未使用术后自控镇痛单次给药。若疼痛难以忍受时,视其疼痛程度,予补救镇痛(帕瑞昔布20-40 mg/次)。记录目测类比评分、帕瑞昔布补救剂量、麻醉并发症、髋关节Harris评分、下床时间和住院时间。 结果与结论：目测类比评分、额外追加的镇痛药量、Harris评分、住院日两组无明显差别。但是下床时间连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组早于连续硬膜外阻滞组,而且连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组并发症明显低于连续硬膜外阻滞组。提示全髋关节置换后,两种镇痛方式均可提供满意的术后镇痛效果,髋关节功能可得到良好的恢复;但连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞并发症少且有利于患者早期下床活动,对于髋关节置换后镇痛是更好的选择。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

舒芬太尼用于腹部手术患者自控静脉镇痛的临床观察

目的探讨腹部手术病人自控舒芬太尼静脉镇痛的临床效果及安全性。方法选择气管内插管全身麻醉腹部手术患者计80例，ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，年龄18～86岁，高中以上文化程度。随机分为两组，每组40例，一组为舒芬太尼镇痛组（S组），术后镇痛药物配方：舒芬太尼2μg／kg＋格拉司琼6mg加生理盐水至100ml；另一组为芬太尼镇痛组（F组），术后镇痛药物配方：芬太尼20μg／kg＋格拉司琼6mg加生理盐水至100ml。镇痛泵参数均设置为：负荷剂量4ml，背景输注速度1ml／h，自控剂量0．5ml，锁定时间15min。观察S组与F组的镇痛效果及不良反应。结果S组在各个时段静态和动态VAS评分均低于F组（P〈0．05）；S组镇静效果较F组评分略高，但两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；S组不良反应发生率少于F组（P〈0．01）；两组患者均未见明显的呼吸抑制发生。术后随访两组患者对镇痛效果的总满意度均在90％以上。结论腹部手术病人自控舒芬太尼静脉镇痛，具有良好的镇痛和镇静作用及安全性，且心血管的稳定性好，不良反应低。     

体重指数对腹腔镜下妇科手术后舒芬太尼镇痛效果的影响

目的探讨不同体重指数(BMI)对使用舒芬太尼术后镇痛效果的影响。方法纳入我院2018年1~12月行腹腔镜下妇科手术后采用舒芬太尼镇痛的患者174例,根据BMI的不同将其分为3组:BMI<18.5 kg/m 2为偏瘦组,BMI 18.5~23.9 kg/m 2为正常体重组,BMI 24~27.9 kg/m 2为超重组,每组58例。所有患者均采用舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),配方为舒芬太尼2μg/kg+格拉司琼6 mg+生理盐水,总量为200 mL。比较分析术后各组患者疼痛NRS评分、镇痛泵按压次数、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)及不良反应发生情况[镇静状态评分≥1分,恶心、呕吐、瘙痒NRS评分>3分,呼吸抑制(呼吸频率≤8次/分钟或SpO2<90%)]。结果正常体重组和超重组术后6 h NRS评分均低于偏瘦组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),正常体重组和超重组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);正常体重组和超重组患者术后6、24 h镇痛泵的按压次数均少于偏瘦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3组患者恶心、呕吐、镇静状态、瘙痒及呼吸抑制发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3组患者MAP及HR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论BMI是影响舒芬太尼术后镇痛效果的因素之一。     

硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞在子痫前期孕妇剖宫产术中的应用效果观察

目的:探讨硬脊膜穿破硬膜外（DPE）阻滞在子痫前期孕妇剖宫产术中的应用效果。方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。纳入2019年3月—2021年3月安徽省妇幼保健院择期行剖宫产术的子痫前期孕妇90例,年龄21～38（27.4±3.8）岁,孕周36～41（38.2±1.3）周,孕次1～4（1.7±0.9）次,均为单胎且首次行剖宫产术...