rhEPO联合蔗糖铁治疗27例血液透析患者肾性贫血的临床观察

目的观察重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)联合蔗糖铁治疗血液透析患者肾性贫血的临床效果。方法选择在我科住院的维持性血液透析患者56例,随机分为试验组27例和对照组29例,对照组在rhEPO治疗的基础上给予硫酸亚铁口服,试验组在rhEPO治疗的基础上给予蔗糖铁静滴。观察2组治疗前后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、网织红细胞计数(Ret)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)。每月监测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、C反应蛋白(CRP)变化。结果试验组在改善患者Hb、Hct、Ret、SF、TSAT方面明显优于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),2组治疗前后ALT、AST、CRP比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 rhEPO联合蔗糖铁治疗血液透析患者肾性贫血效果明显,安全性好。     

左卡尼汀与促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血38例临床分析

目的:观察左卡尼汀与促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)治疗肾性贫血临床分析.方法:将20例血液透析患者为试验组和20例对照租,试验组给以左卡尼汀及rhEPO治疗,对照组单用rhEPO,疗程12周.观察血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、rhEPO用量变化及高血压发生率.结果:试验组的Hb及Hct上升水平高于对照组,rhEPO用量低于试验组,且高血压发生率低.结论:左卡尼丁联合促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)治疗肾性贫血安全有效.     

重组人类红细胞生成素预防早产儿贫血临床观察

目的:观察重组人类红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)对早产儿贫血的预防作用。方法:选择4 2例胎龄≤34周,出生体重≤2 0 0 0克早产儿,随机分为预防组(2 2例)和对照组(2 0例) ,预防组自生后第7天起给予rHuEPO 2 0 0IU/kg·次,皮下注射,隔日一次,共6周,余治疗同对照组。两组患儿均从第二周末开始予3～6mg/kg·天元素铁口服。分别于生后第7天(治疗前)及第2、3、4、5、6、7周(治疗时)和8周(治疗后)测定两组早产儿血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、网织红细胞(Ret)、白细胞(WBC)及血小板(Plt)计数。结果:两组早产儿生后Hb、Hct均逐渐下降,但预防组下降明显小于对照组,经t检验,两组之间差异有统计学意义;对照组有5例输血,而预防组仅1例输血,经精确χ2 检验差异有统计学意义(P =0 .0 19) ;预防组治疗一周后Ret较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 )。结论:rHuEPO辅以铁剂治疗可安全有效预防早产儿贫血,减少输血需要。     

重组人类促红细胞生成素治疗早产儿贫血

目的　应用重组人类促红细胞生成素 (recombinanthumanerythropoietin ,rhEpo)防治早产儿贫血。方法　rhEpo 3 5 0IU/ (kg·次 ) ,2次 /周 ,皮下注射。治疗 18例胎龄 3 4周以下、出生体重小于 2 0 0 0g的早产儿 ,并与 2 3例早产儿对照。结果　两组早产儿出生后血红蛋白 (Hb)、红细胞压积 (Hct)逐渐下降 ,但治疗组下降程度低 ,对照组下降程度高 ,其差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 0 1) ;治疗组网织红细胞 (Ret)较对照组明显升高 (P <0 0 0 1)。治疗组输血次数明显少于对照组。结论　rhEpo可提高血红蛋白、红细胞压积及网织红细胞 ,可减少甚至替代输血需要 ,治疗早产儿贫血安全有效。     

重组人类促红细胞生成素防治极低出生体重儿贫血的临床研究

目的 :评价国产重组人类促红细胞生成素 (rh EPO)防治极低出生体重儿 (VLBW)贫血的效果和安全性。方法 :30例 VL BW随机分为治疗组及对照组各 1 5例。治疗组用国产 rh EPO750 IU· kg-1·周 -1 ,每周分 3次皮下注射 ,共 6周 ;对照组未用 rh EPO治疗。两组 VLBW同时补充铁剂 ,根据输血指征必要时予红细胞输注。观察两组 VLBW的血液学参数、输血率及输血量、热卡摄入、体重增长等指标。结果 :治疗组用药后血清促红细胞生成素 (EPO)极显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;治疗组血红蛋白 (Hb)、红细胞压积 (Hct)、网织红细胞 (Ret)均极显著高于对照组 (P<0 0 1 ) ;治疗组的输血率较对照组明显减少 (P<0 .0 5) ;血清铁蛋白 (SF)水平在用药后治疗组极明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 0 1 )。观察期间 ,治疗组的体重增长指标较对照组高 (P<0 .0 5)。结论 :国产 rh EPO能有效提高 VLBW的 Hb、 Hct、 Ret,减轻VLBW贫血 ,且用药安全 ,无明显副作用     

促红细胞生成素在脊柱外科围手术期的作用

目的：评价促红细胞生成素在脊柱外科围手术期应用的临床意义和安全性。方法：对两组条件相似的需脊柱手术患者共30例进行随机配对的前瞻性研究。其中治疗组于手术前7d开始使用重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)。采用10000IU／次，皮下给药，隔日1次共两周。对照组不给予rhEPO处理，其他处理同治疗组。将两组的检测结果进行研究分析。结果：两组间Ret，Hb，Hct手术后有明显差异，而生命体征，Plt无明显差异。结论：在手术前应用rhEPO进行人红细胞动员，可促进红细胞的发育和生成，并提高Hb的含量，减少输血的机会，并且未发现有明显与其相关的不良反应。     

γ射线辐照对红细胞生化性质的影响

目的 :观察γ 射线辐照对红细胞 (RBC)质量的影响 .方法 :以 2 7Gy的γ射线对RBC进行辐照并于标准条件下保存 ,对辐照前后RBC进行细胞计数 ,Hct,MCV ,MPV及血浆K+ ,血糖及游离Hb ,2 ,3 DPG ,ATP含量进行检测 .结果 :辐照前后标本RBC计数、Hct,MCV ,MPV和血糖浓度无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但是辐照组在贮存 7d后游离Hb及血钾浓度明显高于对照组 (mg·L-1 :0 .35± 0 .70vs 0 .2 5±0 .0 7;mmol·L-1 :4 0 .7± 5 .3vs 1 9.4± 2 .7,P <0 .0 5 ) .结论 :γ射线 2 7Gy照射后 ,RBC的生化性质无显著改变 ,但随保存时间的延长血钾及血浆游离Hb浓度有明显改变 ,提示γ射线照射的RBC ,不宜长期保存     

左旋卡尼汀联用促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血30例

目的观察左旋卡尼汀联合重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）治疗肾性贫血的临床疗效。方法30例维持性血液透析（MHO）分为两组,对照组15例采用rhEPO治疗;治疗组15例透析后静脉应用左旋卡尼汀,同时应用rhEPO治疗。结果治疗后治疗组和对照组Hb、Hct和血浆白蛋白？前白蛋白均升高;治疗组Hb、Hct和血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、血清转铁蛋白升高明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。治疗组rhEPO用量明显低于对照组。结论左旋卡尼汀与促红细胞生成素联合治疗肾性贫血能改善维持血液透析患者的状态,提高rhEPO的疗效。     

围手术期应用重组人红细胞生成素的多中心随机对照研究

目的 观察围手术期贫血患者使用重组人红细胞生成素（rhEPO）对纠正贫血和减少异体输血的临床效果.方法 74例胃肠道肿瘤伴贫血患者,随机分成治疗组A、治疗组B和对照组C,A组患者术前每天皮下注射rhEPO 1万IU,连续4 d,术后第1、3 d分别皮下注射rhEPO 1万IU;B组患者术前7 d始隔天皮下注射rhEPO 1万IU,连续6次;C组患者不给予rhEPO.观察所有患者贫血纠正及异体输血情况.结果 治疗组患者用药后血红蛋白（Hb）、网织红细胞（Ret）及血细胞比容（Hct）水平高于对照组、用药前,术中及术后异体输血少于对照组.B组疗效优于A组.结论 围手术期使用rhEPO对于纠正贫血和减少异体输血是有效的.     

促红细胞生成素治疗早产儿贫血65例

目的:探讨重组人类促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)防治早产儿贫血的临床效果。方法:将65例早产儿按入院顺序随机分为治疗组33例,对照组32例,治疗组用rhEPO每次250U/kg皮下注射,隔日1次,每周3次,持续6周,同时每天口服铁剂5mg/kg,维生素E25mg,维生素C25mg;对照组患儿仅服用同等剂量维生素E、维生素C、铁剂,未用rhEPO治疗,两组病例均观察至生后7周。结果:两组早产儿生后血红蛋白(Hb)均逐渐下降,但治疗组下降程度明显低于对照组,两组有显著性差异(P<0.01);治疗后治疗组网织红细胞(Ret)较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);治疗后治疗组血清铁水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:早期大剂量rhEPO能有效防治早产儿贫血,无明显副作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.