AECOPD合并下肢深静脉血栓的相关危险因素分析

目的:分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的相关危险因素。方法:选取2014年7月-2016年7月本院收治的30例AECOPD合并下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)患者(DVT组)和30例单纯AECOPD(非DVT组),采用医院自制问卷调查表收集患者的临床资料,找出AECOPD合并下肢深静脉血栓的相关危险因素。结果:多因素Logistic分析结果显示,吸烟、卧床多于1周、合并低血氧症、机械通气是导致AECOPD合并DVT的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:正确分析AECOPD合并下肢深静脉血栓的相关危险因素,提高预防,有利于降低DVT的发生率。     

低氧血症是慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素

目的了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的发病情况、临床特点及相关危险因素。方法采用回顾性病例分析,入组病例为2006年6月至2010年2月住院AECOPD患者。入院即刻完成血常规、血气分析、D-二聚体检查,48 h内完成双上肢、下肢静脉彩色多普勒超声,临床疑诊肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)者同时行同位素肺通气/灌注扫描和(或)螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)检查。应用Logistic回归对相关危险因素进行分析。结果 AECOPD符合入组者共282例,VTE发生率为6%。低氧血症组(PaO2<60 mm Hg,84例)16例患者存在深静脉血栓(DVT),其中3例同时发生PTE,VTE发生率为19.1%(16/84)。非低氧血症组(PaO2≥60 mm Hg,198例)1例存在DVT,无PTE发生,VTE发生率为0.5%(1/198)。两组患者VTE总发生率为6.0%(17/282)。低氧血症组VTE发生率显著高于非低氧血症组(P<0.01)。多元回归分析表明,PaO2<60 mm Hg是VTE发生的危险因素。结论 AECOPD患者VTE发生率为6%,以下肢DVT为主要表现,尤其多发...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者并发静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者发生静脉栓塞的危险因素,为其临床诊治和预后提供支持。 方法 回顾性分析2013年1月-2015年12月杭州市第三人民医院收治的239例AECOPD患者病例。按照患者预后是否出现静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)情况进行分组,其中发生VTE组患者52例,无VTE组患者187例。制作危险因素分析调查表,收集患者年龄、吸烟史、BMI、肺功能分级、卧床时间、合并高血压或冠心病等因素情况,并统计2组常见血清指标及血气指标水平,并采用单因素和Logistic回归分析对收集的2组间数据资料进行分析。 结果 239例AECOPD患者中52例发生VTE,VTE发生率达到了21.8%。单因素和Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、BMI、吸烟史、肺功能分级、糖尿病、合并高血压或冠心病、卧床时间、高D-二聚体水平、PaO₂、PaCO₂是AECOPD患者并发VTE的危险因素。 结论 AECOPD患者临床易出现VTE并发症,而患者年龄、BMI、吸烟史、肺功能分级、糖尿病、合并高血压或冠心病、卧床时间、高D-二聚体、PaO₂、PaCO₂水平是AECOPD患者发生VTE的危险因素。      

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期机械通气患者发生ICU获得性衰弱的危险因素分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)机械通气患者发生ICU获得性衰弱(ICUAW)的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析130例AECOPD机械通气患者的临床资料,其中发生ICUAW 62例(ICUAW组),发生率为47.69%;未发生ICUAW68例(非ICUAW组)。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型分析AECOPD患者发生ICUAW的危险因素。结果 ICUAW组患者的急性生理与慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分高于非ICUAW组,机械通气时间长于非ICUAW组,乳酸水平高于非ICUAW组,并发脓毒症、并发低蛋白血症、长期制动、使用糖皮质激素率高于非ICUAW组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,机械通气时间长、并发脓毒症、低蛋白血症、长期制动、使用糖皮质激素是发生ICUAW的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 长时间机械通气、并发脓毒症、并发低蛋白血症、长期制动、使用糖皮质激素是AECOPD机械通气患者发生ICUAW的独立危险因素,应针对性地制订相应临床护理干预措施以减少ICUAW的发生。     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者急性加重患者行有创机械通气治疗危险因素分析

目的:探究导致慢性阻塞性肺病患者急性加重患者行有创机械通气治疗的危险因素,为提前干预治疗提供依据.方法:选取我院2012年至2015年收治的284例确诊慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重患者为研究对象,患者分为2组,即慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重未接受有创机械通气组(A组),慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重接受有创机械通气组(B组).观察比较两组相关因素的差异性,对可能危险因素进行logistic回归分析.结果:肺病感染、基础肺功能差、低蛋白血症、COPD病程>6年与导致AECOPD患者行有创机械通气治疗存在相关性(P<0.05);经logistic回归分析,得出基础肺功能差、低蛋白血症、COPD病程长是影响AECOPD患者行有创机械通气治疗的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论:导致AECOPD患者需行有创机械通气治疗的独立危险因素有基础肺功能差、低蛋白血症、COPD病程长,应提前进行干预治疗,以降低患者疾病严重程度和有创机械通气治疗频率,改善患者生活质量.     

被动吸烟对冠状动脉搭桥术后低氧血症的影响

目的 评估被动吸烟对冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)后低氧血症的影响。方法 选取拟体外循环下CABG患者126人,分为不吸烟组和被动吸烟组,后者根据每周暴露时间进一步分为3个亚组:<10 h、10~20 h、>20 h 组。首先监测CABG术后各组低氧血症发病情况,其次记录各组患者的机械通气时间和ICU停留时间。应用Logistic分析观察被动吸烟情况与术后低氧血症的关系。结果 4组低氧血症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);各组低氧血症发生率分别为20.00%、 25.93%、55.56%、59.26%,依次增高;被动吸烟组机械通气时间和ICU停留时间长于不吸烟组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 被动吸烟是CABG术后低氧血症的危险因素,被动吸烟增加CABG术后低氧血症发生率,延长术后机械通气时间和ICU停留时间。随着暴露时间增加,低氧血症发病率呈递增趋势。     

跟骨骨折后VTE发生的危险因素及对症护理的回顾性分析

目的通过回顾性分析跟骨骨折后静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)发生危险因素,制定对症护理措施以减少VTE发生。方法对2014年1月至2016年6月收治的150例跟骨骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析,术后下肢血管彩超检查确定是否发生VTE,据此分为VTE组与非VTE组,对两组患者年龄、性别、凝血指标、合并基础病、预防性抗凝等资料进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 VTE发生40例(26.67%),性别、合并高血压、糖尿病、脑血管疾病、体质量指数、受伤至手术时间方面,VTE组与非VTE组比较差异无统计学意义P0.05),而在高血脂症、预防性抗凝方面两组比较差异显著(P0.05);VTE组年龄、D二聚体、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值分别为(65.40±10.21)岁、(812.36±221.48)μg/L、(0.92±0.12),较非VTE组的(43.65±10.43)岁、(50.36±15.07)μg/L、(0.99±0.15)差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析年龄、术前D二聚体、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值为VTE发生独立危险因素,而预防性抗凝为VTE发生保护因子。结论跟骨骨折后VTE发生与患者年龄、术前凝血功能等有关,需高度重视老年骨折患者,积极给予预防性抗凝干预以减少VTE发生。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺部感染患者死亡的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并肺部感染患者死亡的影响因素。方法选取浙江大学医学院附属第一医院急诊科2012年1月—2016年5月间收治的AECOPD合并肺部感染死亡患者88例(研究组)与同期未死亡患者88例(对照组)作为研究对象。参考相关文献和临床上的观察结果,选择出AECOPD合并肺部感染患者死亡的可能影响因素共15项,包括性别、年龄、职业、体质指数、吸烟、病程、住院时间、机械通气、高同型半胱氨酸血症、合并糖尿病、低蛋白血症、两种或两种以上微生物感染、两种或两种以上器官功能衰竭、广谱抗生素使用天数及抗生素的联合使用。采用单因素logistic和多因素logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果单因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、吸烟、机械通气、住院时间、高同型半胱氨酸血症、合并糖尿病、低蛋白血症、两种或两种以上微生物感染、两种或两种以上器官功能衰竭及抗生素的联合使用对AECOPD呼吸衰竭肺部感染患者死亡的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,住院时间、合并糖尿病、低蛋白血症、两种或两种以上器官功能衰竭、抗生素的联合使用对AECOPD呼吸衰竭肺部感染患者死亡的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论住院时间、合并糖尿病、低蛋白血症及两种或两种以上器官功能衰竭是AECOPD合并肺部感染患者死亡的危险因素,抗生素的联合使用是保护因素,提早对这些危险因素进行有效的预防和控制,可以改善患者预后。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病加重期合并静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素分析

目的分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)急性加重患者发生静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的危险因素,为慢阻肺急性加重合并VTE的预防和治疗提供理论基础。方法选取我院及上海市肺科医院肺循环科于2014年2月至2017年9月间收治的慢阻肺急性加重患者413例作为研究对象,根据是否合并VTE,将患者分为VTE组(n=52)和非VTE组(n=361)。应用Logistic回归,分析慢阻肺急性加重患者合并VTE的危险因素。结果慢阻肺急性加重患者合并VTE的发生率为12.59%。肺血栓栓塞(PTE)患者中,存在心率加快、肺梗死"三联征"症状患者人数比例高于深静脉血栓(DVT)患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PTE患者中PaO_2、PaCO_2、SpO_2、FEV_1%pred低于DVT患者,肺动脉收缩压高于DVT患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。有静脉血栓史(OR=1.986,P=0.031)、下肢疼痛症状(OR=7.376,P=0.019)、卧床时间≥3d(OR=3.325,P=0.001)及D-二聚体增高(OR=9.628,P=0.000)是慢阻肺急性加重患者合并VTE的独立危险因素。结论慢阻肺急性加重患者合并VTE的发生率较高,需引起重视。对存在静脉血栓史、下肢疼痛症状、卧床时间≥3 d及D-二聚体增高等危险因素的患者应尽早进行影像学检查,帮助确诊。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭并上消化道出血的原因分析及预防

目的分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭并发上消化道出血的原因,并探讨其临床干预措施。方法随机选择使用无创机械通气的患者43例作为机械通气组,另将拒绝使用无创呼吸机治疗的患者63例随机分为兰索拉唑组32例和对照组31例,兰索拉唑组加用兰索拉唑30mg 2次/d,分别观察其治疗后上消化道出血的发生情况及转归。结果 COPD合并呼吸衰竭发生上消化道出血以低氧血症、高碳酸血症为主要原因,3组治疗后上消化道出血的发生率比较,机械通气组与兰索拉唑组上消化道出血的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);机械通气组与兰索拉唑组比较,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。机械通气组的好转率明显高于兰索拉唑组及对照组,住院时间、病死率明显低于兰索拉唑组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低氧血症、高碳酸血症是并发上消化道出血的重要因素,机械通气能降低上消化道出血的发生率,且能改善患者的预后,但是否需预防性使用兰索拉唑预防上消化道出血还需进一步扩大样本研究。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.