自身免疫性疾病患者伴狼疮抗凝物阳性的实验室指标与临床特点

目的探讨狼疮抗凝物质(LA)阳性的自身免疫性疾病患者的与凝血实验室指标和临床特点的相关性。方法收集狼疮抗凝物阳性的自身免疫性疾病患者85例(以标准化狼疮抗凝物比值大于1.3时为阳性),回顾分析患者的凝血指标:aPTT、Fbg、PT、TT、D-D,抗心磷脂酶抗体(ACA)。另选LA阴性患者50例作为对照组。结果在自身免疫性疾病患者中,LA阳性患者血栓栓塞形成及出血的概率明显高于阴性组。LA阳性患者aPTT与阴性对照组相比显著延长(P0.01),Fbg含量显著增高(P0.01),D-D两组相比无明显差异(0.1P0.25),ACA阳性率高于阴性对照组。结论 LA阳性的自身免疫性疾病患者,其血浆aPTT、Fbg、ACA有所改变。在临床上,血栓或出血的发生或者发展可能与LA有关。     

ROC曲线评价凝血功能指标对妊高征的诊断价值

目的应用ROC曲线计算PT、aPTT、TT、Fbg、D-D、APC、APS、AT辅助诊断妊娠高血压综合征的阳性判断值,评估其辅助诊断效能。方法以71例妊娠高血压综合征患者为研究对象,抗凝治疗前采集其静脉血检测相关指标,运用ROC曲线分析各指标的辅助诊断效能。结果妊娠高血压组的PT、aPTT、Fbg、D-D、APC、APS、AT与正常妊娠组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05),TT差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论 PT、aPTT、D-D、APS可用于辅助诊断妊娠高血压综合征且辅助诊断效能较高。     

凝血四项联合D二聚体水平检测在乙型肝炎患者严重程度的价值探讨

目的探讨凝血四项联合D二聚体(D-D)水平检测在乙型肝炎患者严重程度的价值。方法以60例乙型肝炎患者为对象,按照病情将患者分为急性肝炎组(n=15)、慢性肝炎组(n=26)、肝硬化组(n=10)、重症肝炎组(n=9)。检测四组凝血四项指标及D-D水平,分析其与乙型肝炎患者病情的关系。结果慢性肝炎组、肝硬化组、重症肝炎组活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、D二聚体(D-D)水平高于急性肝炎组,纤维蛋白原(Fbg)水平低于急性肝炎组(P<0.05);肝硬化组、重症肝炎组aPTT、PT、TT、D-D水平高于慢性肝炎组,Fbg水平低于慢性肝炎组(P<0.05);重症肝炎组aPTT、PT、TT、D-D水平高于肝硬化组,Fbg水平低于肝硬化组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,aPTT、PT、TT、D-D与乙型肝炎患者肝功能正相关(r=0.483,P<0.001;r=0.672,P<0.001;r=0.235,P=0.012;r=0.267,P=0.005);Fbg与乙型肝炎患者肝功能呈现负相关(r=-0.320,P=0.001)。结论aPTT、PT、TT、D-D、Fbg与乙型肝炎患者病情存在联系,检测上述指标有助于评估患者的严重程度。     

血栓弹力图与凝血指标在评估慢阻肺急性加重期患者病情的价值对比

目的探讨血栓弹力图(TEG)与凝血指标在评估慢阻肺急性加重期(AECOPD)患者病情的价值。方法以60例AECOPD患者为对象,根据患者近1年内是否发生2次及以上急性加重或FEV1<50%将患者分为高风险组和低风险组。检测患者凝血指标及TEG。结果高风险组活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、血小板(PLT)、D二聚体(D-D)水平与低风险组比较无差异(P>0.05);高风险组纤维蛋白原降解物(FDP)水平高于低风险组(P<0.05)。高风险组R值、K值低于低风险组(P<0.05);高风险组MA值、Angle值高于低风险组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,R值与aPTT正相关(P<0.05),与PT无相关性(P>0.05);K值与aPTT正相关(P<0.05),与PT无相关性(P>0.05)。MA与PLT、Fbg均呈正相关(P<0.05),与FDP、D-D负相关(P<0.05);K值与PLT负相关(P<0.05)。结论AECOPD患者中TEG参数与部分常规凝血指标之间存在关系,以MA与PLT的相关性最强,其他参数的相关性较弱。TEG对高风险AECOPD患者的凝血状态敏感性较强,对于指导该类患者早期抗凝治疗具有现实意义。     

狼疮性肾炎患者凝血-抗凝血分子标志物的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨狼疮性肾炎(LN)患者血浆凝血分子标志物的变化及其临床意义。方法采用法国STAGO- STA型全自动凝血仪检测50例LN患者血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)、抗凝血酶(AT)、D-二聚体(D-D)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)及凝血酶时间(TT)。另外选择健康人群50例作为对照组(NC)。结果LN患者vWF、D-D均明显高于健康对照组(P＜0．01),AT活性显著减低(P＜0．01)；PT、aPTT与健康对照组比较显著缩短(P＜0．01),Fbg含量显著增高(P＜0．01),TT延长(P＜0．01)。结论LN患者存在血管内皮细胞损伤、高凝状态及纤溶改变。监测LN患者血浆vWF、AT、D-D等．可及时了解狼疮性肾炎患者有无血栓形成倾向。     

紫癜性肾炎患儿血液凝血功能的改变及肝素治疗的效果

目的研究紫癜性肾炎患儿血液凝血功能的改变及早期抗凝与低相对分子质量肝素钙(LMWHca)的治疗效果。方法选取我院86例确诊的紫癜性肾炎患儿为研究对象,另选我院同期正常体检儿童50例为对照组,比较两组D-D、PLT、Fbg、AT水平差异。将我院86例紫癜性肾炎患儿抽签随机分为观察组与对照组,两组均为43例,分别采取早期抗凝联合LMWHca治疗以及单一LMWHca治疗,比较两组治疗前后D-D、Fbg、PLT、TT、PT、a PTT、AT水平差异,同时观察紫癜性肾炎患儿与正常儿童凝血指标差异。结果肾病组患儿D-D、PLT、Fbg显著高于正常组,AT显著低于正常组,可见紫癜性肾病患儿存在明显的高凝状态;治疗前观察组与对照组各项凝血指标比较无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组D-D、Fbg、PLT与对照组比较显著较低,TT、PT、a PTT、AT与对照组比较显著较高(P0.05)。结论紫癜性肾炎患儿体内存在高凝状态,早期抗凝或低分子肝素治疗可改善凝血功能,从而缓解病情。     

狼疮抗凝物质对大肠癌患者血液高凝状态的影响

目的 观察大肠癌患者血浆狼疮抗凝物质（LAC）水平,探讨LAC对患者血液高凝状态的影响.方法 测定65例大肠癌患者、31例大肠良性疾病患者和35例健康体检者血浆LAC、D-二聚体（D-D）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）和抗凝血酶（AT）水平,分析LAC与其余三者的相关性,计算各指标的阳性率.结果 大肠癌组LAC、D-D、FIB水平显著高于正常对照组和良性对照组,AT水平显著低于两对照组（P＜0.001）.有转移组LAC、D-D和FIB水平显著高于而AT水平显著低于无转移组（P＜0.001）.LAC与D-D和FIB均呈显著正相关（r=0.828和0.776,P＜0.001）,与AT呈显著负相关（r=-0.595,P＜0.001）.有转移组各指标的阳性率均显著高于无转移组（P＜0.05）,无转移组和有转移组LAC与D-D、FIB和AT阳性率之间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 LAC与大肠癌患者血液高凝状态有关,监测LAC水平对评价患者血液高凝状态和病情都具有重要意义.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性期患者的凝血功能的变化

目的观察和分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性期(AECOPD)患者的凝血功能的变化。方法选取100例AECOPD患者作为病例组,选取100例健康志愿者作为对照组,对两组研究对象的凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、凝血酶时间(TT)、D二聚体(D-D)及动脉血气指标、血常规指标、呼吸功能指标进行观察和比较。结果病例组患者的动脉血PH值、动脉血PaO_2、PLT、FEV1、FEV1%、FEV1/FVC水平均显著低于对照组,而动脉血PaCO_2、RBC、WBC水平均显著高于对照组,两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);病例组患者的Fbg水平显著高于对照组,而aPTT水平显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);病例组患者的D-D水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AECOPD患者体内存在高凝状态和纤溶功能亢进,及时的监测与有效的干预可提高治疗效果、改善预后。     

妊娠晚期孕妇狼疮抗凝物检测血栓形成性疾病发生的临床意义

目的分析妊娠晚期孕妇狼疮抗凝物(lupus anticoagulant,LA)水平变化,探讨LA检测在妊娠晚期血栓形成性疾病中的临床意义。方法选取2015年12月~2016年12月在我院就诊或产前体检的118例妊娠晚期孕妇和120例健康育龄期妇女分别作为观察组和对照组;分别检测两组狼疮抗凝物比值(lupus anticoagulant ratio,LAR)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(anticoagulantⅢ,ATⅢ)、D-二聚体(D dimer,D-D)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)及进行血小板聚集试验(platelet agglutination test,PAg T)。结果与对照组比较,观察组的LAR、D-D、FIB和PAg T增高,PT和ATⅢ下降,PT时间缩短,差别有统计学意义(P均0.05);以超过对照组平均值为阳性,观察组中的LAR、D-D及PAg T各指标阳性率明显高于FIB阳性率和PT阳性率。结论妊娠晚期孕妇LAR的升高与血栓前状态指标的变化相平行。在临床上,LA水平变化与血栓发生发展相关,可监测妊娠晚期血栓形成性疾病的发生。     

非小细胞肺癌患者凝血功能变化及其与TNM分期的相关相关性

目的研究非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者凝血功能变化及其与TNM分期的相关性。方法选择我院120例NSCLC患者作为NSCLC组,选择我院同期收治的45例健康体检者作为健康组,检测及比较两组凝血功能[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、D二聚体(D-D)]水平,并分析其与TNM分期的相关性。结果 NSCLC组Fbg、D-D水平显著高于健康组(P0.05),PT、aPTT、TT与健康组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);临床分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者Fbg、D-D水平显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者(P0.05),PT、aPTT、TT与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者比较差异无显著性(P0.05);Spearman相关系数分析显示,NSCLC组Fbg、D-D水平与患者TNM分期呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 NSCLC患者Fbg、D-D水平升高,其表达水平与患者TNM分期有关,检测其变化有助于评估患者预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.