腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床分析

目的探讨应用腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管行胆道探查治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果。方法对2014年1月-2015年12月陕西省核工业二一五医院收治的52例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管胆道探查取石术,观察其临床效果。结果 52例患者中40例顺利完成手术,手术成功率为76.92%。7例改为腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石、T管引流术,5例中转开腹行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术,中转开腹率9.62%。43例患者一次取石成功,占82.69%;剩余9例患者行二次取石,其中行经胆囊管胆道探查取石术者8例,行腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术者1例。所有患者术后留置网膜孔引流管,术后3~10 d拔除,1例行腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石患者术后出现胆漏,经保守治疗后康复。无胆道出血、胆道感染等发生,平均住院时间(8.24±2.52)d,所有患者均得到随访1年,B超及磁共振胰胆管造影检查肝内外未见结石残留,肝功能胆红素指标正常。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管进行胆道探查取石术具有创伤小、患者恢复快、并发症少、安全等优点,临床应用需严格掌握其适应证。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆囊切除胆总管切开取石术治疗老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人的安全性和可行性。方法选取我院2012年6月至2014年6月70岁老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人24例作为观察组,行腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管切开取石术。收集同期开腹胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石病人26例作为对照组。分析比较2组病人的临床疗效。结果 2组病人的手术成功率、手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组较对照组术中出血量少,术后疼痛程度轻,术后通气时间及住院时间明显缩短,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石可明显减轻术后疼痛程度,缩短住院时间,是一种安全有效的微创治疗方法。     

两种微创术式在胆总管结石合并胆囊结石中的临床应用

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+腹腔镜胆总管切开胆道镜探查取石术(LCBDE)+胆总管一期缝合术与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)+内镜下十二指肠括约肌切开取石术(EST)+鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)+LC治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的临床疗效。方法:收集2015年6月至2021年2月间山西白求恩医院普通外科收治的200...     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜、十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并肝内外胆管结石的效果观察

目的总结应用腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜、胆道镜对胆囊结石合并肝内外胆管结石患者的治疗经验及疗效。方法收集2010年3月-2015年3月于梅州市人民医院肝胆外科就诊的胆囊结石合并肝内外胆管结石患者413例,根据患者个体情况分别进行腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜"二镜"或"三镜"联合治疗。结果腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+胆道镜经胆囊管胆总管探查取石术(LTCBDE)31例,成功率29.0%(9/31);LC+LCBDE+胆道镜取石术+T管引流术101例,成功率93.1%(94/101);LC+胆总管探查术(LCBDE)+胆道镜取石术+Ⅰ期缝合术96例,成功率97.9%(94/96);LC+LCBDE+肝部分切除术61例,成功率91.8%(56/61);十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)+LC或LC+EST 155例,成功率93.5%(145/155);腹腔镜+十二指肠镜+胆道镜(同时)10例,成功率90%(9/10)。19例患者中转开腹,治疗总成功率95.4%(394/413),各组病例均治愈,无严重并发症,无死亡病例。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜、十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并肝内外胆管结石是切实可行和安全可靠的。     

两种不同术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效对比分析

目的对比传统开腹胆总管切开取石+胆囊切除术与经十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography,ERCP)+内镜乳头括约肌切开取石术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016-09～2017-09在该院接受治疗的88例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的基本资料。将上述患者分为开腹组(开腹胆总管切开取石+胆囊切除术,44例)和ERCP+EST+LC组(44例)。比较两组患者的一般临床资料、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、术前术后肝功能及术后并发症情况。结果两组术前谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)方面比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),而在手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、术后ALT、术后AST、术后总并发症发生率方面比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 ERCP+EST+LC组治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石总体优于传统开腹胆总管切开取石+胆囊切除术,且手术时间及住院时间短,住院费用少,术后肝功能损伤小,安全性较高,值得推广。     

内镜十二指肠乳头切开联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石

目的探讨运用腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合内镜十二指肠乳头切开术治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的方法。方法对胆囊结石并胆总管结石患者,92例行开腹胆囊切除 胆总管切开取石、T管引流术,86例行内镜下十二指肠乳头切开术(EST) 腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。比较两种术式的临床效果、住院时间、并发症等。结果开腹组术中结石取净率为94.8%,住院时间为23.8±7.6d,术后并发胆瘘2例,肝功能衰竭1例,腹腔感染3例,肺部感染1例。内镜组有4例取石失败,改行开腹手术,余均取石成功,取石成功率为94%,住院时间为10.2±5.3d,并发胆道感染2例,十二指肠乳头出血3例。结论与传统开腹胆囊切除 胆总管切开取石、T管引流术相比,EST LC治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石具有创伤小、住院时间短、患者恢复快、并发症少等优点,临床效果可靠。EST与LC的联合应用可替代大部分开腹胆囊切除 胆总管切开取石、T管引流术。     

老年胆石症患者腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合35例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合治疗老年胆总管结石可行性及安全性。方法选取2009年12月至2012年8月行腹腔镜、纤维胆道镜联合治疗胆囊结石、胆总管结石,一期胆总管缝合≥65岁老年病人35例。完全腹腔镜下胆囊切除,联合胆总管切开通过胆道镜置入取石网篮取石,术毕一期缝合胆总管。结果本组腹腔镜胆道镜联合行胆总管探查取石术成功率为100%,手术时间57~170 min,出血量10~100 ml,术后住院时间5~10 d,发生胆漏2例,再次手术1例。术后随访4月至2年,残余胆总管结石1例。结论在严格把握手术指征,认真评价术前影像学,术中熟练胆道镜操作,精准缝合的前提下,老年病人腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合治疗胆总管结石是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜内镜联合同步治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石10例报道

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)作为胆囊结石的主要治疗手段已被普遍接受.胆总管结石可供选择的手术方式包括内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)取石术、开腹胆总管探查取石术、腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术等.目前胆囊结石合并胆总管结石最常用的方案为先ERCP去除胆总管结石后再行LC.但LC前ERCP选择性胆管插管困难,常会导致胆管取石失败.本研究采用腹腔镜内镜联合同步治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,现报道如下.     

十二指肠镜、腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗胆结石(附20例报告)

目的 探讨十二指肠镜、腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的可行性与优越性.方法 选择20例胆囊结石并胆总管结石患者,先经十二指肠镜放置鼻胆管引流(ENBD)以便胆道减压,然后完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术,最后完成腹腔镜胆总管切开、胆道镜探查取石术,并一期缝合胆管.统计分析治疗结果,并发症和患者住院天数.结果 20例均痊愈,无并发症发生,住院时间缩短.结论 十二指肠镜、腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石是一种创伤小、有效、安全且可靠的治疗模式.对掌握了腹腔镜下缝扎技术的普外科医师,可作为一种首选手术方法.     

经胆囊管纤维胆道镜胆道探查的临床价值

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石或高度怀疑合并胆总管结石,传统多行胆囊切除、胆总管切开取石、T型管引流术,近年来,由于微创、内镜技术的发展,采用三镜联合（腹腔镜、十二指肠镜、纤维胆道镜）治疗日趋增多,但各有其优缺点。我院自2002年至2007年采用不切开胆总管、经胆囊管纤维胆道镜探查取石术,术后不放置T型管,共实施96例,其中证实结石并取出者62例,保持了胆道的完整性,对胆总管结石患者避免了胆总管切开后置T型管引流带来的不便和潜在的并发症,对胆总管无结石者避免了胆道探查带来的损伤,患者痛苦轻、恢复快、并发症少,取得了满意的疗效。     

Pancreatic stones

Pancreatic calculi, once considered pathologic and even "reportable," are frequently observed in patients with chronic pancreatitis. They are not to be considered pathognomonic of chronic alcoholism, because they are frequently observed in other types of chronic pancreatitis, such as the tropical, Afro-Asian, hereditary, idiopathic, and senile varieties. The widely recognized concept that appearance of calculi indicates the end stage of the disease is challenged in this article. The subject of pancreatic lithogenesis is controversial, but pancreatic stone protein has been extensively studied by one major group. Techniques to remove calculi by endoscopy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are available, but it is not clear whether they serve only a cosmetic purpose or actually help in alleviating pain and arresting the progress of disease.     

Childhood stones.

Urinary stones in children are usually genetic and most commonly due to hypercalciuria. Symptoms of urolithiasis in children differ among age groups. Isolated hematuria in children may be caused by hypercalciuria and precede calculus formation. Careful evaluation successfully identifies the cause of urinary stones in most children, although diagnostic criteria may vary in different age groups. Therapies should be targeted to the underlying diagnosis.     

Pituitary stones.

Two cases of patients having calcification within the sella turcica (pituitary stones) have been studied and followed up, one patient for 18 years. A detailed analysis of the radiographic findings and endocrinologic profiles of these two patients is presented. The rarity of bona fide pituitary stones and their benign nature, as evidenced by the two cases reported here, are emphasized.     

Difficult bile duct stones

Opinion statement Bile duct stones are routinely removed at time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after biliary sphincterotomy with standard balloon or basket extraction techniques. However, in approximately 10% to 15% of patients, bile duct stones may be difficult to remove due to challenging access to the bile duct (periampullary diverticulum, Billroth II anatomy, Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy), large (> 15 mm in diameter) bile duct stones, intrahepatic stones, or impacted stones in the bile duct or cystic duct. The initial approach to the removal of the difficult bile duct stone is to ensure adequate biliary sphincter orifice diameter with extension of biliary sphincterotomy or balloon dilation of the orifice. Mechanical lithotripsy is a readily available adjunct to standard stone extraction techniques and should be available in all ERCP units. If stone extraction fails with these maneuvers, two or more bile duct stents should be inserted, and ursodiol added to aid in duct decompression, stone fragmentation, and stone dissolution. Follow-up ERCP attempts to remove the difficult bile duct stones may be performed locally if expertise is available or alternatively referred to a tertiary center for advanced extracorporeal or intracorporeal fragmentation (mother-baby laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy) techniques. Nearly all patients with bile duct stones can be treated endoscopically if advanced techniques are utilized. For the rare patient who fails despite these efforts, surgical bile duct exploration, percutaneous approach to the bile duct, or long-term bile duct stenting should be discussed with the patient and family to identify the most appropriate therapeutic option. A thoughtful approach to each patient with difficult bile duct stones and a healthy awareness of the operator/endoscopy unit limitations is necessary to ensure the best patient outcomes. Consultation with a dedicated tertiary ERCP specialty center may be necessary.     

Management of common bile-duct stones and associated gallbladder stones: surgical aspects

In most countries, endoscopic sphincterotomy is the first-choice treatment for common bile-duct stones. In patients with residual gallbladder stones, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the next step. The optimal timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy remains to be determined. An alternative approach of combined cholecystocholedocholithiasis consists of laparoscopic cholecystectomy together with laparoscopic stone removal. The advantage of this ‘single-stage’ therapy appears to be limited to patients with stones that can be removed transcystically. This approach is successful in about half of the patients. Laparoscopic common bile-duct exploration is technically more demanding, more time-consuming, and associated with increased postoperative morbidity. If transcystic removal is not possible, a postoperative ERCP with endoscopic sphincterotomy is a good option. Intraoperative ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy are also feasible, but require specific organisational efforts.Recurrence of choledocholithiasis after ES is reported in a considerable number of patients (6–21%), resulting from de novo primary stone formation or recurrent secondary migration from the gallbladder. Primary choledocholithiasis is associated with bactobilia and delayed bile-duct clearance, indicated by CBD dilation. Endoscopic reintervention is safe and usually easy to perform. Surgery should be reserved for intractable cases. In selected patients, an underlying lithogenic bile composition (low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis) should be identified, and preventive medical treatment with UDCA could be considered.

• in patients with combined cholecystocholedocholithiasis, endoscopic sphincterotomy should be followed by elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, even in the elderly; however, a ‘wait-and-see’ policy does not lead to higher mortality, and therefore expectant management can be advocated in case of significant contraindications to surgery

• laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with laparoscopic stone removal offers a one-stage treatment of patients with combined cholecystocholedocholithiasis. Laparoscopic transcystic duct clearance is associated with low morbidity and short hospital stay. In contrast, laparoscopic common bile-duct exploration remains a procedure with increased risk of biliary complications and prolonged hospital stay. In case of stones that cannot be removed transcystically, it may be wise to perform an intraoperative or early postoperative ERCP

• performing an endoscopic sphincterotomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a ‘rendezvous’ procedure may be beneficial in selected patients (especially in case of earlier failed ERCP)

• laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy is associated with increased conversion rates to open procedure compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated gallstones; laparoscopic cholecystectomy planned early after endoscopic sphincterotomy may reduce this risk

• morphological or functional bile-duct defects, indicated by a dilated CBD, may lead to bactobilia and biliary stasis, thus promoting primary stone formation

• in a subgroup of patients with recurrent bile-duct stones, an MDR3 gene mutation must be considered, resulting in low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis. These patients are characterised by early onset of symptoms, recurrence after cholecystectomy, hyperechogenic foci in the liver, and often a history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Ursodeoxycholic acid is beneficial in these patients

• the optimal timing or ERCP in patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (before, during, or after the operation) still needs to be defined.

• further data are needed to determine potentially increased incidence of conversion and postoperative complications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated gallstones