诱导多潜能性干细胞的研究现状与临床应用前景

胚胎干细胞可作为细胞替代治疗中很好的供体细胞来源。但由于伦理学的原因,限制了胚胎干细胞在细胞替代治疗中的应用前景,而诱导多潜能性干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cell,iPS细胞)的出现则提供了一种替代胚胎干细胞的多潜能性细胞。因为iPS细胞的建立不需要卵细胞,也不破坏发育中的胚胎,所以iPS细胞不涉及伦理学问题。而且iPS细胞的建立相对简单,重复性好。因此,iPS细胞在细胞替代治疗和再生医学中有着广泛的应用前景。本文将回顾iPS细胞技术发展的历史,介绍现有的建立iPS细胞的不同方法和评估iPS细胞质量的手段,展望iPS细胞在细胞替代治疗上有待解决的问题和应用前景。     

防肝癌复发药有望开发

人体内的干细胞是一类具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞，可以修复受损组织和器官。日本科学家最近发现，肝癌细胞中也有类似的“癌症干细胞”，它们是产生其他肝癌细胞的源泉。研究人员认为，在治疗过程中，未打败“癌症干细胞”可能是导致肝癌复发的原因。如果某种药物能瞄准“癌症干细胞”，就有望开发出一种杜绝复发的有效疗法。     

矽肺发病机制及干细胞治疗研究进展

矽肺是以肺部弥漫性纤维化为特征的一种尘肺病.目前矽尘致肺纤维化的确切机制尚不清楚,缺乏反映肺纤维化程度的特征指标,也无突破性的治疗药物及针对性的治疗措施.干细胞治疗主要是通过调节炎症、减少纤维化和细胞凋亡而达到改善肺功能的目的 .由于需要持续注射较大剂量的干细胞,且存在长期的慢性炎症反应,可能会影响干细胞的比例,目前尚...     

抗瘤免疫力提升律A~X与肿瘤治疗的相关性研究

理论和实践均证明,手术、化疗、放疗、中医、干细胞移植等外源疗法治疗肿瘤有很大的局限性,为了探求治疗肿瘤更好的理论及实践方法,研究提升抗瘤免疫力与肿瘤治疗的相关性,笔者用S180活瘤细胞腹腔免疫法对昆明鼠做动物实验,获得了特异性抗瘤免疫力几何级数提升律A-X,并对其在临床中的应用情况进行了总结,发现以抗瘤免疫力提升律A-X为指导,在外源疗法消除大部分肿瘤的基础上,利用提升抗瘤免疫力疗法,有可能控制肿瘤。     

干细胞诱导分化生殖细胞的研究进展

干细胞是一类具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞,包括胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。胚胎干细胞是从囊胚内细胞团中获得的具有全能性的细胞,具备了分化成机体所有细胞类型的潜能,包括生殖细胞。近年来人类胚胎干细胞的研究取得了突破性进展,能在体外培养成精子细胞及成熟的卵母细胞,但存在免疫排斥、致瘤性和伦理学等问题,使其应用在临床治疗方面受限。成体干细胞是一种多能干细胞,理论上成体干细胞在一定条件下也可分化为生殖细胞。成体干细胞则可克服这些缺点,应用前景日益被看好。若将成体干细胞向生殖细胞的分化应用于临床,使分化成的生殖细胞能发育成具有生命的子代,那将为不育提供一条新的治疗途径。综述了胚胎干细胞及成体干细胞向生殖细胞分化方面的研究进展。     

干细胞移植在脑出血和脑梗死治疗中的应用研究

干细胞具有多向分化潜能,在特定条件下,可以分化成机体的各种细胞及组织器官。干细胞移植就是将干细胞移植到患者体内或者直接注入病变部位,进而修复病变细胞,重建病变组织器官的功能。研究证明,干细胞移植对脑出血、脑梗死等神经系统疾病治疗有效,本文阐述了干细胞的种类及生物学性状、干细胞移植治疗脑出血与脑梗死的研究现状及干细胞治疗产生神经保护可能的作用机制。     

实验性矽肺中纤维粘连蛋白的变化

本文利用免疫沉淀反应和免疫荧光技术,对实验性矽肺大鼠及汉防已甲素(简称汉甲)治疗后的矽肺大鼠血浆和肺组织中纤维粘连蛋白(Fibronectin缩写Fn)的变化进行了研究。观察到在矽肺病变早期细胞性结节阶段至纤维性结节阶段,各类型矽肺结节内均见Fn增生;Fn分布最密集的部位是结节内细胞的表面和各胶原纤维之间。汉甲治疗后,随着纤维化的减弱,Fn亦减少。初步观察到,血浆Fn的浓度随着矽肺病变而相对应增多。     

脂肪干细胞在骨组织工程中的应用研究

脂肪干细胞由于具有与骨髓间充质干细胞类似的自我更新能力与多向分化潜能,成为骨组织工程的种子细胞。本文主要介绍脂肪干细胞的生物学特性、成骨分化潜能以及在骨组织工程领域中的研究进展。     

营养支持辅助治疗矽肺合并呼吸衰竭的作用

目的观察营养支持疗法在辅助治疗矽肺合并呼吸衰竭中的疗效。方法观察安徽省淮北矿业集团职业病防治医院2004年1月—2006年12月的38例矽肺合并呼吸衰竭患者,在常规治疗的基础上,加用营养支持疗法。另选常规治疗的34例患者作为对照组。结果2组有效率,治疗组为92.1%,对照组为67.6%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=7.38,P<0·05)。结论营养支持疗法可提高矽肺合并呼吸衰竭的临床治疗效果,改善患者的预后。     

矽肺大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗的排出物动态变化及其在治疗中的意义

支气管肺泡灌洗术(BAL)已应用于临床治疗尘肺,但进展不快,主要是对其可行性和可能性仍有异议。为促进BAL这一新方法在矽肺治疗中的应用,本实验通过对不同柒尘时间矽肺大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中排出物含量动态变化观察,就其可能性进行探讨。实验结果表明:不同染尘时间实验组BALF中的细胞总数、LDH活性、总蛋白含量均高于对照组,且有非常显著差别(P<0.01),尤以来尘7、15、30天差异更为显著。提示:BAL可以洗出大量细胞及非细胞成份,对减轻肺泡炎、减少肺部损伤将有积极作用,且以早期或急性矽肺施行BAL为宜。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.