半肝血流阻断法用于肝切除术效果观察

目的探讨半肝血流阻断法下行肝切除术的效果及安全性。方法将87例患者随机分为观察组33例和对照组52例,两组分别于半肝血流阻断、全肝血流阻断下行肝切除术,观察两组手术情况及手术前后肝功能指标变化。结果两组均无术后死亡、出血量无明显差别;观察组肝血流阻断时间明显长于对照组,并发症发生率显著低于对照组,术后血清谷丙转氨酶（GPT）、胆红素显著低于对照组,血清白蛋白、胆碱脂酶显著高于对照组（P均〈0．05）。结论半肝血流阻断法用于肝切除术安全、有效,尤适用于术前肝功能欠佳或合并有肝硬化者。     

简易次全半肝血流阻断在肝部分切除术中的应用

目的探讨简易次全半肝血流阻断切肝术临床价值及可行性。方法将2009年2月～2010年10月行肝切除32例患者分为简易次全半肝血流阻断组（研究组）和第一肝门阻断组（对照组）,回顾分析2组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后肝功能恢复及术后并发症。结果 2组患者手术时间和切肝中、切肝后出血量无显著差异,但2组肝功能恢复、并发症发生率差异有统计学意义。结论简易次全半肝血流阻断切肝术较第一肝门阻断有利于肝功能恢复,减少术后并发症的发生,为肝脏手术提供了一种安全、可行的方法。     

保留半肝动脉血供的肝血流阻断技术应用观察

肝切除术中常温下阻断入肝血流的安全时限是15～20min,尤其合并肝硬变的肝切除,时同更应控制在15m in之内,如超过这一时限可导致肝坏死、肝衰竭。为减少术中非切除肝组织的缺血损害,许多学者采用半肝血流阻断法,然而有些病例因种种原因无法实现半肝血流阻断。为解决这一矛盾,2002年8月至2005年3月,我院采用保留半肝动脉血供的肝血流阻断技术行肝切除术32例,效果良好。现报告如下。     

半肝血流阻断与第一肝门阻断用于肝癌切除中的对比分析

目的对比分析半肝血流阻断与第一肝门阻断用于肝癌切除中的效果。方法选取2012年1月至2014年1月我院收治的50例原发性肝癌患者,依据肝癌切除方式将这些患者分为半肝血流阻断组（A组）和第一肝门阻断组（B组）两组,每组25例。结果两组患者术中失血量、输血量及阻断时间之间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术前两组患者的肝功能各指标之间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后1、3、7 d A组患者的ALT、AST、TBil均明显比B组低（P〈0.05）,但两组患者的Alb之间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组患者的术后并发症发生率20%（5/25）、32%（8/25）之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论半肝血流阻断用于肝癌切除中的效果比第一肝门阻断好。     

选择性半肝血流阻断和Pringle's法对肝切除术后患者肝功能的影响

2000年1月-2005年12月，我们对行肝切除术的47例原发性肝癌患者于术中分别采用了第一肝门阻断（Pringle’s法）和选择性半肝血流阻断法。并对其术后肝功能进行了对比观察。现报告如下。     

不阻断肝血流在原发性肝癌肝切除术中的应用

目的探讨原发性肝癌患者行肝切除术中不阻断肝血流对肝功能及术后恢复的影响。方法将2010年6月-2013年6月福建省立医院收治的80例行肝切除术的原发性肝癌患者依据肝血流阻断方法的不同分为3组:第一肝门阻断组(Pringle组,n=24)、半肝血流阻断组(HVC组,n=24)及不阻断肝血流组(n=32)。分别比较不阻断肝血流组与Pringle组和HVC组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肝功能变化、手术并发症及术后住院时间。计量资料和计数资料分别采用方差分析及卡方检验,方差分析中多重比较采用Dunnett-t检验。结果 3组患者手术时间、出血量差异均无统计学意义(F值分别为2.45,0.34,P值均0.05)。术后1及7 d血清TBil及ALT恢复情况,不阻断肝血流组[1 d,TBil:(22.4±9.4)μmol/L,ALT:(287.4±165.7)U/L;7 d,TBil:(17.1±6.6)μmol/L,ALT:(86.2±54.5)U/L]优于Pringle组[1 d,TBil:(33.5±11.9)μmol/L,ALT:(429.5±137.8)U/L;7 d,TBil:(24.5±7.0)μmol/L,ALT:(145.5±43.6)U/L]及HVC组[1d,TBil:(29.1±8.3)μmol/L,ALT:(390.2±176.6)U/L;7 d,TBil:(21.5±7.5)μmol/L,ALT:(121.5±56.8)U/L](P值均0.05)。血清Alb恢复情况,术后1 d,不阻断肝血流组[(29.3±2.8)g/L]优于Pringle组[(27.3±3.3)g/L](P值均0.05),但与HVC组[(27.8±2.5)g/L]相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后7 d,3组患者差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05)。不阻断肝血流组术后住院时间[(10.3±2.1)d]较Pringle组[(12.7±2.6)d]和HVC组[(12.0±2.2)d]显著缩短(P值均0.05)。结论不阻断肝血流较第一肝门阻断、半肝血流阻断,不增加手术时间及术中出血量,且具有肝损伤较轻及术后恢复快的优点。     

选择性肝血流阻断切除小儿巨大肝癌（附5例报告）

采用选择性肝血流阻断切除小儿巨大肝癌５例。术中根据肝脏肿瘤大小和生长部位，在第一肝门阻断的同时，阻断相应的肝静脉分支，从而基本阻断欲切除肝脏的入、出肝血流，有效控制术中大出血，预防空气栓塞，认为该法具有阻断彻底，安全，节省时间和操作简单等优点，适合于小儿巨大肝脏肿瘤切除术，术中应注意肝静脉分支的变异和掌握阻断时间。     

低中心静脉压联合间歇性入肝血流阻断在肝切除术中应用的效果观察

目的观察低中心静脉压联合间歇性入肝血流阻断在肝切除术中的应用效果。方法选择该院2011-01~2013-03因肝细胞肝癌行肝切除术的病例60例,随机分为低中心静脉压联合间歇性入肝血流阻断组(研究组)和选择性半肝血流阻断组(对照组),每组30例。比较两组术前一般情况、平均手术时间、术中出血量及术中术后输血量等手术情况,以及手术后肝、肾功能的变化情况。结果两组患者术前一般情况、肝门阻断时间、术中出血量、肝截断面面积、切肝重量及术中术后输血量等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。研究组的平均手术时间为(207.15±49.27)min,短于对照组的(254.03±58.70)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。两组患者的尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)的各时点和组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组的总胆红素(TBIL)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)在各时点间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),TBIL组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后第1天、第3天研究组的ALT高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组间术后第7天的ALT比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间术后并发症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低中心静脉压联合间歇性入肝血流阻断是一种简便易行和安全有效的方法,可有效地减少肝切除术中的出血量和减轻术后残肝缺血性损害。     

改良全肝血流阻断法在严重肝损伤治疗中的应用

严重肝破裂常伴有大血管和 (或 )胆管损伤 ,外科处理非常复杂 ,多数伴有失血性休克 ,病死率很高。我院自 1990年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 3月共收治严重肝损伤患者 2 8例 ,采用两种不同的肝血流阻断法治疗 ,均取得较好疗效。现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 19例 ,女 9例 ;年龄 18～ 6 5岁 ,平均 4 1岁 ;受伤到来院时间 2 0分钟至 2小时。受伤原因为车祸伤 16例 ,坠落伤 2例 ,重物砸伤及刀刺伤各 4例 ,爆炸伤及机器轧伤各 1例。依据美国外科创伤学会 (AAST)分级标准以及手术证实 , 级 2 0例 , 级 8例。均为严重肝损伤 ,无其他部位严重复合伤。肝损…     

肝断面血流阻断器在肝癌切除术中的应用

目的:比较不同的肝血流阻断方法在肝切除术中应用的有效性及安全性.方法:回顾性分析我院2004-2009年117例行肝切除术的肝癌患者的相关资料.A组:自制肝断面血流阻断器局部血流控制(n=42);B组:解剖性半肝血流阻断(n=35);C组:第一肝门阻断(Pringle法,n=40).比较3组患者术中出血量和手术时间、术后肝功能的恢复以及术后并发症的发生率.结果:术中出血量和手术时间A组均明显少于B(P=0.026,P<0.001)、C(P<0.001,P<0.001)组.A组术后第3、7天肝功能(TB、ALT)的明显好于C组(TB:P=0.014,=0.009;ALT:P<0.001,P<0.001).C组术后有29例出现不同程度的腹水,术后腹水发生率显著高于A组(P<0.001);2例发生肝功能衰竭,1例出现胃肠道出血,死亡1例.结论:肝切除术中采用肝断面血流阻断器能有效控制出血、缩短手术时间,对肝功能影响小,是一种简便、安全有效的方法.     

区域血流阻断在肝脏手术中的应用价值

目的探讨区域血流阻断在肝脏手术中的应用价值。方法游离阻断需切除肝脏的肝动脉或其分支、门静脉或其属支及回流的肝静脉后切除肝叶。结果 72例肝叶切除患者中,1例45天出院,1例32天出院,其余均在15～20天出院。结论区域血流阻断可以控制肝脏切除手术中的出血量,保留不予切除肝脏的血运,术中、术后均对肝功能损害较轻,是一种可行、合理的肝血流阻断方法。     

Hepatic blood inflow occlusion without hemihepatic artery control in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the clinical significance of hepatic blood inflow occlusion without hemihepatic artery control (BIOwHAC) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:Fifty-nine patients with HCC were divided into 3 groups based on the technique used for achieving hepatic vascular occlusion:group 1,vascular occlusion was achieved by the Pringle maneuver (n=20);group 2,by hemihepatic vascular occlusion (HVO) (n=20);and group 3,by BIOwHAC (n=19).We compared the procedures among the three groups in term of operation time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative liver function,postoperative complications,and length of hospital stay.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in age,sex,pathological diagnosis,preoperative Child’s disease grade,hepatic function,and tumor size among the three groups.No intraoperative complications or deaths occurrred,and there were no significant intergroup differences (P > 0.05) in intraoperative bleeding,hepatic function change 3 and 7 d after operation,the incidence of complications,and length of hospital stay.BIOwHAC and Pringle maneuver required a significantly shorter operation time than HVO;the difference in the serum alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase levels before and 1 d after operation was more significant in the BIOwHAC and HVO groups than in the Pringle maneuver group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:BIOwHAC is convenient and safe;this technique causes slight hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury similar to HVO.     

半肝阻断法和全肝阻断法在原发性肝癌肝切除术中应用效果比较的Meta分析

目的比较普林格尔法(Pringle’s measure,PM)和半肝血管流入阻断法(HVO)在原发性肝癌肝切除术中的应用效果。方法计算机检索中、英文数据库中关于HVO和PM治疗原发性肝癌的对照研究,查找时间为数据库建立至2020年6月。对纳入的研究进行质量评价和数据提取后,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10项研究,合计1272例患者。HVO组术后第1、3天ALT水平低于PM组[均数差(MD)=-172.71,95%CI:-289.26~-56.16,P=0.004;MD=-130.35,95%CI:-221.25~-39.45,P=0.005],术后第3天AST水平低于PM组(MD=-84.56,95%CI:-166.47~-2.65,P=0.04),术后第1、3天Alb水平高于PM组(MD=1.31,95%CI:0.06~2.56,P=0.04;MD=1.81,95%CI:0.27~3.35,P=0.02),手术时间较PM组长(MD=8.95,95%CI:4.30~13.60;P<0.01)。结论HVO是一种安全有效的血流阻断方法,与PM相比能有效减轻肝损伤。但外科医生还应根据个人经验、患者病情以及术中具体情况选择适合患者的阻断方法。     

Continuous normothermic hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion over 60 min for hepatectomy in patients with cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus

Aim: To evaluate the safety of remnant liver in cirrhotic patients who had undergone irregular hepatectomy with continuous normothermic hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion for over 60 min. Methods: A group of 133 cirrhotic patients who had hepatitis B virus accompanied by hepatocellular carcinoma and had undergone irregular hepatectomy by hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion was studied. According to the time of hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion, patients were assigned either to the control group, treatment(60) group, or treatment(90) group. The quantity of blood loss and blood transfusion, routine liver biochemistry and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The data showed that there were no significant differences in postoperative complications between the three groups. Compared to the preoperative day, the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), prothrombin time (PT) and serum bilirubin on postoperative days 1 and 3 were significantly increased in all three groups and the levels of albumin and platelet were significantly decreased on postoperative day 1. Duration of hospital stay and the levels of ALT and AST on postoperative days 1, 3 and 7 were higher in the treatment(90) group than in the control group and treatment(60) group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were displayed in the length of hospital stay and the levels of AST, ALT, PT, albumin, platelet count and serum bilirubin on postoperative days 1, 3 and 7 between the control group and the treatment(60) group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion over 60 min is a possible method for irregular hepatectomy in patients with cirrhosis caused by the hepatitis B virus. However, caution must be exercised in utilizing this method where the time of vascular occlusion is over 90 min.     

Effects of prior splenectomy on remnant liver after partial hepatectomy with Pringle maneuver in rats.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In the case of the liver resection, the temporary occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament (Pringle maneuver) is often used. However, the maneuver causes hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that strongly affects the recovery of patients. The present study investigated the effects of prior splenectomy on the remnant liver in partial hepatectomized rat with Pringle maneuver. METHODS: Pringle maneuver was conducted just before a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. Efficacy of splenectomy was assessed by survival rate, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), neutrophil infiltration into liver, recovery of remnant liver weight, and liver proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels. Ischemic preconditioning was performed as follows; 10 min of total hepatic ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion. RESULTS: In partial hepatectomized rats with 30 min of Pringle maneuver, seven out of 12 rats died within 3 days. On the other hand, when splenectomy was performed on 3 days before the maneuver, only one out of 12 rats died. When prior splenectomy was performed on eight and 18 days before the Pringle maneuver, respectively, similar efficacy was observed. In addition, prior splenectomy on 3 days before the maneuver showed that serum ALT activity, neutrophil infiltration, recovery of remnant liver weight, and PCNA levels in partial hepatectomized rats with Pringle maneuver were also ameliorated as compared with those of control rats without splenectomy. When effects of prior splenectomy were compared with those of ischemic preconditioning in these situations, efficacy of prior splenectomy was comparable with that of the ischemic preconditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Prior splenectomy ameliorated the I/R injury in the remnant liver after partial hepatectomy with Pringle maneuver. Effects of prior splenectomy may influence the liver for long duration, because splenectomy on 18 days before the maneuver still exerts effective action.     

Systematic hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea

Background/Purpose

Systematic hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a widely preferred modality, but evidence concerning its benefits is lacking. The aim of this study was to document hepatic resection for small HCC in Korea, and to determine whether patient survival or the pattern of tumor recurrence was influenced by the methods used.

Methods

Ten major hospitals that perform hepatectomy for HCC in Korea were surveyed for surgeons' opinions concerning systematic hepatectomy and current trends in hepatic resection for small HCC. An analysis was also performed of 119 patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for small HCC (size < 5?cm) between January 2000 and December 2002 at Seoul National University Hospital. Seventy-four of these 119 patients underwent anatomical resection (AR) and 45 had a nonanatomical resection (NAR). Recurrence-free survival, recurrence pattern, overall survival rates, and the risk factors for recurrence were analyzed.

Results

In the survey, eight of ten surgeons preferred systematic hepatectomy and considered it to aid prognosis. No significant difference was found between the AR and NAR groups in terms of the clinicopathologic findings, except that the presence of underlying hepatic cirrhosis was more prevalent in the NAR group. The postoperative morbidity rate was higher in the NAR group (33.3% vs 27.0%), but this difference was not statistically significant. The respective 1- and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates were 78.1% and 49.7% in the AR group, and 68.9% and 46.5% in the NAR group (P > 0.05). The corresponding 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 88.8% and 80.8% in the AR group and 91.0% and 71.4% in the NAR group (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Although systematic hepatectomy seems to be superior to nonanatomical hepatectomy from the oncological and anatomical aspects, this superiority is not reflected by the recurrence patterns or the survival and recurrence rates of the two procedures. Postoperative recurrence appears, rather, to be related to the underlying liver condition.     

Adaptation of hepatectomy for huge hepatocellular carcinoma

Background/Purpose

We retrospectively identified prognostic factors in patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) more than 10 cm in diameter and established a clinical strategy for such patients at our institution.

Methods

Three-hundred and twenty patients with HCC underwent hepatectomy. Twenty-nine of them were diagnosed with HCC 10 cm or more in diameter (group L). Two hundred and ninety-one patients were diagnosed with HCC less than 10 cm (group S). The overall and disease-free survival rates in the two groups were compared, and the prognostic factors in group L were analyzed.

Results

The overall 3-and 5-year survival rates in group L were 33.6% and 33.6%, and these rates in group S were 61.4% and 45.0%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.0048). The disease-free survival rates in group L (3-year, 21.5%; 5-year, 21.5%) were also significantly worse than those in group S (3-year, 37.1%; 5-year, 25.4%; P = 0.0022). Background liver (cirrhosis vs no cirrhosis) (P = 0.0380) and TNM stage according to the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (stage II or III vs stage IV; P = 0.0308) were significantly associated with prognosis by multivariate analyses.

Conclusions

Hepatic resection is a safe and effective treatment for huge HCC of more than 10 cm in diameter. However, we suggest that cirrhotic patients with huge HCC with the presence of both macrovascular invasion and multiple tumors may not be appropriate candidates for hepatic resection.     

Long-term survivors after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Sixteen long-term (more than 5 years) survivors after hepatic resection performed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from 1970 to 1988, were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 51 years. There were 11 males and 5 females. HBs antigen was positive in 9 patients. Liver cirrhosis was associated with 11 patients but its severity was designated as Child's A in all patients except one. The mean tumour diameter was 2.8 cm and was relatively small. At the first operation, limited procedures (i.e. partial hepatectomy and subsegmentectomy) were employed in 87.5% of patients. A large percentage of tumours were located in S5 and S6 segments. A recurrence of HCC occurred in 9 patients after the first resection. A second resection was carried out in 7 patients, in 2 of which a third resection was done. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was performed on 4 patients. These results show that, in addition to detection of small tumours and early resection, repeated operation or TAE for treatment of recurrent HCC was important in achieving long-term survival after HCC resection.