脂肪性肝病与胃食管反流病的相关性研究

目的评估脂肪性肝病(FLD)与胃食管反流病GERD之间的关系。方法选取2 000例受试者,采用较简便的胃食管反流病问卷(GerdQ)作为初筛GERD诊断标准,对入选者均进行腹部超声波等检查,分析FLD与GERD关系。结果对2 000例患者利用GerdQ评估GERD诊断情况,有176例(8.8%)诊断为GERD,女68人(38.64%),男108人(61.36%);脂肪肝患者760例,患病率38.0%,在脂肪肝组中,男女性GERD症状的GerdQ阳性率分别为13.77%和12.24%,两者无明显差异(P>0.05)。脂肪肝人群发生GERD症状的患病率与对照组存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论脂肪肝与GERD显著相关,控制脂肪肝发展可以降低GERD发病率。     

背俞指针疗法对胃食管反流病患者任督二脉穴位皮温与酸反流的影响及其相关性

[目的]观察背俞指针疗法对胃食管反流病（GERD）患者任督二脉穴位皮温与酸反流的影响,探讨二者的相关性.[方法]120例GERD者分为治疗组与对照组,每组60例.治疗组行背俞指针疗法治疗,对照组予枸橼酸莫沙必利分散联合兰索拉唑肠溶片口服治疗,观察2组患者治疗前后酸反流总时间百分率、长时间酸反流次数、最长酸反流时间这3个反映酸反流指标的变化情况;同时检测治疗前、治疗第7天、治疗第14天任督二脉穴位皮温的变化.[结果]治疗后,2组24 h食管酸反流总时间百分率、长时间酸反流次数、最长酸反流时间均显著下降（P＜0.01）;但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.治疗组治疗第7、14天任督二脉的穴位皮温均较治疗前明显上升（P＜0.05）;而对照组穴位皮温均较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05）.[结论]背俞指针疗法对GERD患者酸反流有改善作用,可改善任督二脉经气交会失衡,任督二脉经气交会的改善有助于减少酸反流.本研究初步证明“任督二脉交会失衡是GERD发病的经络病机”.     

Clinical and endoscopic evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients successfully treated with esomeprazole

BACKGROUND: Esomeprazole, an S-isomer of omeprazole, is the first proton pump inhibitor developed as an optical isomer, and it has shown high healing rates in erosive esophagitis. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of esomeprazole in subjects with erosive esophagitis, according to the Los Angeles classification study design: an open, multi-center clinical study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and eighteen subjects with reflux esophagitis confirmed by endoscopy were included in an open, multi-center study in Brazil. All of them received esomeprazole 40 mg, once daily, for a 4-week period. Subjects who had unhealed esophagitis by week 4 continued the treatment for another 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the healing rates by weeks 4 and 8. The secondary endpoints were the number of patients with symptom resolution by week 4, the number of days to sustained symptom resolution, number of symptom-free days and nights and safety and tolerability of the drug. RESULTS: Healing rates by weeks 4 and 8 were 82% (confidence interval: 77.4%-87.6%) and 96.1% (confidence interval: 93.5% - 98.8%), respectively. Ninety-nine (99%) of the patients had heartburn resolution by week 2. The most common adverse events were headache (4%), diarrhea (2.6%) and epigastric pain (2.2%). CONCLUSION: For the studied period, esomeprazole was shown to be a safe and well-tolerated drug, providing significant healing rates of mucosal breaks, regardless of LA classification, in patients with erosive esophagitis. Esomeprazole was also shown to be effective in quickly relieving symptoms.     

咽喉反流病与胃食管反流病关系的研究进展

咽喉反流病与胃食管反流病是耳鼻喉及消化系统的常见疾病,因为患病率的不断增高,二者的诊断与治疗不断受到重视。但因其二者的发病机制仍不完全明确,目前的诊疗仍存在争议。本文结合国内外有关咽喉反流病与胃食管反流病的文献,通过二者发病机制、诊疗现状的特点,阐述其关系,以为后续的研究和临床实践提供参考。     

门诊胃食管反流病患者的临床特征分析

目的研究南京地区门诊胃食管反流病(Gerd)患者的临床特点。方法对926例门诊Gerd患者的一般人口学特征、主诉症状与Gerd Q量表调查、胃镜与幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染检查以及药物治疗预后情况进行分析。结果行胃镜检查的Gerd患者中,男女比例为1.19∶1,平均年龄(49.5±13.2)岁,平均体质指数(BMI)为(24.6±3.5)kg/m2,平均腹围为(87.6±10.7)cm,大专以上学历者220例(220/664,33.1%),非体力劳动者254例(254/664,38.3%)。反酸(78.5%,727/926)、烧心(75.2%,696/926)、上腹部不适(62.1%,525/926)、胸骨后不适(48.7%,451/926)、咽部异物感(44.2%,409/926)、胸痛(42.7%,395/926)为常见的主诉症状。病例组Gerd Q量表积分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),取9分为诊断临界值时,Gerd Q量表的诊断价值最大。反流性食管炎(RE)内镜检出率为33.73%(226/670)。RE患者H.pylori阳性率较同期行胃镜检查的全部患者显著降低(P<0.05)。药物联合治疗RE的总有效率为90.27%,非糜烂性反流病(Nerd)为75.57%(331/438)。结论 Gerd门诊常见,BMI和腹围是其两个重要的危险因素。Gerd Q量表评分是诊断Gerd的一个较好的筛选指标。质子泵抑制剂(PPI)+促动力药+黏膜保护剂3药联合是治疗Gerd比较有效的方案之一。     

胃食管反流病与功能性消化不良、肠易激综合征症状重叠的研究

目的探讨胃食管反流病（GERD）重叠功能性消化不良（FD）、肠易激综合征（IBS）症状的发生率，分析糜烂性食管炎（EE）和非糜烂性反流病（NERD）亚型患者重叠FD、IBS症状发生率的异同。方法通过胃镜及24h食管pH监测，将147例GERD患者区分为EE47例、病理性酸反流[NERDpH（＋）]42例和生理性酸反流[NERDpH（-）]58例。根据罗马Ⅱ诊断标准对患者重叠FD、IBS症状的情况进行问卷调查。采用《检验比较不同组间重叠症状发生率。结果147例GERD患者中重叠FD症状54例（36．7％），重叠IBS症状19例（12．9％），其中同时重叠FD、IBS症状10例（6．8％）。EE及NERD组重叠FD症状者分别为11例（23．4％）及43例（43．0％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。EE及NERDpH（＋）组重叠FD症状者分别为n例（23．4％）及13例（31．O％），差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。NERDpH（＋）组及pH（-）组重叠FD症状者分别为13例（31．0％）及30例（51．7％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。EE及NERD组重叠IBS症状者分别为6例（12．8％）及13例（占13．0％），差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。NERDpH（＋）组及pH（-）组重叠IBS症状者分别为4例（9．5％）及9例（15．5％），差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论部分GERD患者重叠FD、IBS症状。无异常食管酸暴露的烧心患者易合并FD症状。     

肥胖患者睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与胃食管反流病相关性研究

目的探讨肥胖患者呼吸睡眠暂停综合征（OSAS）与胃食管反流病（GERD）的相关性。 方法选取2015年3月至2016年4月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院肥胖93例患者临床资料,对其进行肺功能、肺容积测定、夜间睡眠监测、食管测压和24 h全食管测酸等检查,根据其睡眠监测结果分为OSAS组和非OSAS组,比较2组患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）与食管功能学指标相关性。 结果在非OSAS和OSAS组患者中,食管反流的百分比和胃-食管压力差与其AHI呈正相关（P<0.05 ）;吸呼气压力差、食管下括约肌（LES）静息压与其AHI呈负相关（P<0.05 ）。 结论肥胖患者中OSAS与GERD之间有着密切关系,并互为因果,可相互影响、加重。     

Long-term outcomes of patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with vonoprazan

Objective: The novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan, provides rapid and effective acid suppression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treated with vonoprazan.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 55 patients with symptomatic GERD treated with vonoprazan who have been followed for more than one year. The effectiveness of vonoprazan on gastrointestinal symptoms was evaluated using the Izumo scale, a self-reported questionnaire reflecting quality of life related to various abdominal symptoms.

Results: These 55 patients with symptomatic GERD had non-erosive reflux disease (n?=?30) or erosive esophagitis (n?=?25). Vonoprazan (10?mg) for one month improved GERD symptoms in 89% (responders) and the improvement was maintained at one year in 82% without additional treatment. One-year maintenance therapy resulted in sustained resolution of GERD symptoms in 47%. Of the 49 responders, nine patients had relapse of GERD symptoms and dose escalation of vonoprazan improved the symptoms in six patients. Postprandial distress and the presence of erosive esophagitis before starting vonoprazan were identified as significant negative and positive predictors of sustained resolution of GERD symptoms for one year, respectively. Epigastric pain, postprandial distress, constipation and diarrhea were significantly improved at one-month and maintained at one year. After one-year of treatment, the endoscopic healing rate of erosive esophagitis was 95%.

Conclusion: One-year treatment with vonoprazan significantly improves GERD symptoms and endoscopic healing of erosive esophagitis is satisfactory. The long-term use of vonoprazan is effective and useful to control GERD.     

体质量指数、食管裂孔疝与胃食管反流的关系

目的:分析胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reFLux disease,GERD)患者的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、食管裂孔疝(hiatal hernia,HH)与胃食管反流(包括症状、食管炎)的关系.方法:收集2008-06/2011-10期间我院就诊的GERD患者590例.反流性疾病问卷(reflux disease questionnaire,RDQ)评价患者的胃食管反流症状,胃镜诊断糜烂性食管炎(erosive esophagitis,EE)、非糜烂性反流病(non-erosive reflux disease,NERD)、HH.根据BMI将患者分为4组:体质量过轻(BMI<18.5kg/m2)、正常体质量(18.5-22.9kg/m2)、超质量(23.0-24.9kg/m2)、肥胖(≥25kg/m2).分析GERD患者的临床特点、HH与BMI的关系、BMI及HH与GERD症状及EE的关系.结果:(1)临床特征:590例患者RDQ积分13.33±5.66,EE占52.2%(308/590),平均BMI为(23.64±3.10)kg/m2,体质量过轻、正常、超质量及肥胖组患者所占的比例分别为3.7%(22/590)、37.0%(218/590)、23.7%(140/590)、35.6%(210/590);(2)BMI与HH:体质量过轻、正常、超质量及肥胖组HH的检出率分别为0、6.0%(13/218)、12.9%(18/140)、16.7%(35/210),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);(3)BMI、HH与GERD症状:体质量过轻、正常、超质量、肥胖4组的RDQ积分依次为11.95±5.86、13.33±5.50、13.45±5.22、13.40±6.07(F=0.465,P=0.707);HH组RDQ积分平均值高于无HH组(17.36±6.66vs12.83±5.31,P=0.005),且多元线性回归分析后差异仍有统计学意义(P=0.000);(4)BMI、HH与EE:EE组超质量、肥胖患者的比例明显高于NERD组(P=0.000);HH组EE的检出率高于无HH组(P=0.000).多因素分析后发现BMI、HH是EE发生危险因素.结论:HH可能是肥胖患者发生EE的重要机制之一.GERD患者的症状严重程度与HH相关,而与BMI无关,BMI和HH均是EE发生的危险因素.     

胃食管反流病中医分型与酸反流的关系

目的研究胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)的中医的辨证分型与酸反流各项指标的关系,为本病辨证分型寻求特征性的客观指标.方法通过对97例经24 h食管pH值动态监测和内镜检查确诊为GERD的患者的临床观察,以临床四诊资料为基础,在中医理论指导下,对其进行病位、病性、病因、病机的辨证分析,从而筛选出本病的主要证型.在此基础上,选用24 h食管pH值动态监测的多项酸反流指标,运用多种统计学分析方法,研究各主要证型与食管酸反流多项指标之间的关系.结果 GERD 97例的辨证分型筛选出的主要证型有肝胃郁热、肝胃不和、脾胃虚弱、胃热气逆、痰气郁阻5型.总反流次数在肝胃郁热型中显著高于肝胃不和、脾胃虚弱、痰气郁阻型,在胃热气逆型中显著高于脾胃虚弱、痰气郁阻型(P＜0.05);总pH＜4时间百分率和反流总分在肝胃郁热、肝胃不和、胃热气逆型中显著高于脾胃虚弱型(P＜0.05).酸反流的症状指数≥50%病例数的百分率在肝胃不和、肝胃郁热、胃热气逆型中极显著高于其余各证型(P＜0.01).酸反流体位分型为混合型的病例数的百分率在脾胃不和、痰气郁阻型中显著高于其余各证型(P＜0.05).结论 GERD的中医辨证分型与某些食管酸暴露参数之间存在明显关系.     

Fasting and postprandial mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease

In order to define the mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in children, we performed simultaneous intraluminal, esophageal motility and pH studies in 24 children with symptomatic reflux and abnormal prolonged pH probe study, ten (group A) without endoscopic and histologic esophagitis, 14 (group B) with endoscopic and histologic esophagitis. Median (ranges) age (years) was 5.0 (6 months-10 years) and 3.0 (6 months-12 years), respectively. Recordings were done for 1 hr before and 1 hr after feeding apple juice (15 ml/kg; pH 4.0). All episodes of GER in group A patients and 77.1% in group B patients were accounted for by abrupt transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation (TLESR); 22.9% of reflux events in group B patients occurred during gradual drifts of LES pressure (LESP) to undetectable levels. Esophageal refluxate exposure (mean percentage time with esophageal pH<4.0) the rate of TLESR (number of episodes/hr), and the percentage of TLESRs associated with reflux significantly increased in the fed period both in group A (18.5±5.4%, 6.2±2.65, 87.1%) and in group B (29.7±6.5 7.8±3.05, 84.9%) as compared to the fasting state (group A: 10.8±3.9, 3.9±3.17, 46.1%; group B: 16.1±2.6, 4.14±3.06, 55.17%) (p<0.01). The rate of LESP drifts (number of episodes/hr) was also significantly higher postprandially (4.85±1.24 vs 1.8±0.9,p<0.01); furthermore there was a postfeeding increase of the LESP drift percentage associated with reflux (79.41% vs 46.15%,p<0.01). Residual pressure of TLESRs associated with reflux was significantly lower than that of TLESRs without GER in both groups of patients, during fasting (group A:p<0.01; group B:p<0.05) and fed state (p<0.05), whereas duration of relaxation and LESP in the 1-min period before each TLESR did not discriminate TLESRs associated with reflux from those without reflux. In children with GER disease, TLESR is the most common mechanism of reflux, but gradual LESP drift is associated with more severe disease; the postprandial increase in the esophageal acid exposure is mainly due to increased rate of TLESRs and LESP drifts; degree of sphincter inhibition during TLESRs is a critical factor for the induction of reflux.Presented in part at the 91st Annual Meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association, San Antonio, Texas, May 12–18, 1990.     

胃食管反流病患者的临床特征及其影响因素分析

目的分析胃食管反流病(GERD)患者的临床特征以及影响其发生的因素。方法选取深圳市龙岗区横岗人民医院消化内科2011年5月-2013年5月收治的GERD患者146例作为观察组,另选取148例非GERD患者为对照组,探讨其发病的危险因素。结果 GERD患者发生率最高的6项相关症状为反酸、烧心、上腹部不适、吞咽困难、胸痛、胸骨后不适;治疗前观察组Gerd Q得分显著高于对照组(10.63±2.87 vs 4.02±1.81,P0.05),Gerd Q得分自治疗2周后开始与治疗前比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);后期有消化道外症状的患者(72例)进行消化道外症状(EED)问卷分析,发现观察组自治疗后4周显著改善,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);单因素分析显示GERD影响因素包括:年龄、职业、BMI、腰围、辛辣饮食、高盐饮食、H.pylori感染、吸烟、饮酒、便秘。Logistic多元回归分析显示GERD的危险因素由大到小依次为辛辣饮食、年龄、便秘和职业(OR值分别为4.928、3.673、3.452、3.082)。结论 GERD的临床表现以反酸、烧心、上腹部不适等为主,也会表现出EED的症状;养成良好的饮食习惯、保持肠道畅通、戒烟戒酒、注意锻炼和放松等都能够有效预防和减少GERD的发生。     

胃食管反流和睡眠呼吸暂停关系的研究进展

胃食管反流病 (ｇａｓｔｒｏｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｒｅｆｌｕｘｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＧＥＲＤ)是指胃、十二指肠内容物反流入所致的食管及食管以外口咽、喉、气道等的组织损害。自从新的诊断技术 ,如食管测压和食管内 2 4ｈ ｐＨ监测开展以来 ,明显提高了对该病认识。ＧＥＲＤ在西方国家很常见 ,国外流行病学调查发现 ,人群中烧心的发生率为 2 1%～ 44 % [1] ,ＧＥＲＤ患者中 48%～ 79%有反流性食管炎 (ｒｅｆｌｕｘｅｓｏｐｈａｇｉｔｉｓ,ＲＥ)。北京协和医院1986年对 3 0 0 0例接受胃镜检查病人的调查表明 ,反流性食管炎占 5 8% ;1991年对 5 …     

胃食管反流病与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系研究

目的:探讨胃食管反流病(GERD)与幽门螺杆菌感染(H.pylori)的关系。方法:将内镜检查确诊的112例GERD患者,按H.pylori检测结果分为H.pylori( )组和H.pylori(-)组,以内镜下食管炎的分级进行严重度比较。H.pylori( )组H.pylori根除后与H.pylori(-)组在半年、1年后进行复发率的比较。结果:H.pylori( )组和H.pylori(-)组GERD重度检出率分别为36.8%(7/19)和63.2%(12/19),差异有显著性。H.pylori( )GERD患者H.pylori根除后半年、1年食管炎总复发率为70.5%与H.pylori(-)组GERD47.0%比较差异有显著性。结论:H.pylori(-)者GERD重,H.pylori( )GERD患者H.pylori根除后1年食管炎复发率较高,H.pylori对GERD可能有保护作用。     

Overlap of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease with irritable bowel syndrome

Several studies indicate a significant degree of overlap between irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Likewise,both functional heartburn(FH)and IBS are functional digestive disorders that may occur in the same patients.However,data establishing a solid link between FH and IBS are lacking,mainly because the clinical definition of FH has undergone substantial changes over the years.The available literature on the overlap between GERD or FH and IBS highlights considerable heterogeneity in terms of the criteria and diagnostic procedures used to assess heartburn and IBS.In particular,several epidemiological studies included patients with concomitant IBS and GERD without any attempt to distinguish FH(as defined by the RomeⅢcriteria)from GERD via pathophysiological investigations.Independent of these critical issues,there is preliminary evidence supporting a significantdegree of FH-IBS overlap.This underscores the need for studies based on updated diagnostic criteria and accurate pathophysiological classifications,particularly to distinguish FH from GERD.This distinction would represent an essential starting point to achieving a better understanding of pathophysiology in the subclasses of patients with GERD and FH and properly assessing the different degrees of overlap between IBS and the subcategories of heartburn.The present review article intends to appraise and critically discuss current evidence supporting a possible concomitance of GERD or FH with IBS in the same patients and to highlight the pathophysiological relationships between these disorders.     

Effect of hyoscine N-butylbromide on gastroesophageal reflux in normal subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have shown that atropine reduces gastroesophageal reflux in normal subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux. The aim of the study has been to assess the effects of an atropine derivative, hyoscine N-butylbromide in normal subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease by recording esophageal and gastric pH-metry for a 24-h period. METHODS: Ten normal subjects and 10 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were evaluated. PH-metry was performed using two glass pH flexible probes with distal incorporated electrodes. The two catheters were introduced nasally under fluoroscopy. One probe was positioned in the gastric body; the other was placed 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter which had been evaluated manometrically before the study. Recording lasted without interruption for 48 h. Patients and normal subjects were assigned to receive hyoscine N-butylbromide (10 mg p.o. t.i.d.) for 24 h followed by a placebo for another 24 h or vice versa in a random manner. The pH was analyzed for a total number of acid refluxes and percentage of the period with pH <4 in the esophagus and the mean gastric pH in 24 h, before and after treatment with hyoscine N-butylbromide. RESULTS: The number of reflux episodes was significantly greater with hyoscine N-butylbromide in comparison with a placebo in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and normal subjects (p < 0.02). The percentage of time with pH <4, was also significantly greater in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and in controls (p < 0.05). The mean 24-h gastric pH after hyoscine N-butylbromide was not different from placebo in gastroesophageal reflux disease and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Hyoscine N-butylbromide, an anticholinergic agent, increases the total number of esophageal acid refluxes in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and in controls, therefore it is not recommended in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.     

老年胃食管反流病患者临床特征分析

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in aged patients for improvement of diagnosis and treatemcnt. Methods The reflux disease questionnaire was performed in patients diagnosed as GERD based on Montreal definition and classification as well as Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients were divided into elderly group (≥65 years) and control group(＜65 years). The incidence of hita[ hernia (HH), the frequencies of esophagitis (based on Los Angeles classification), clinical features, and quality of life were compared between two groups. Results There was no difference between two groups in male/female ratio and morbidity of HH(P＞0.05). In comparison with control group, the frequency of esophagitis graded as LC or LD increased and extra-esophageal symptoms were higher in elderly group (P＜ 0.05), but the lower typical symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) were seen in the elderly group(P＜0.05). The scores of role physical, bodily pain and role emotional were higher in elderly group than those in control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant differences between two groups in physical function, vitality,social functioning, mental health, and general health. Conclusion The elderly GERD patients often have lower score of typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) and high incidence of severer esophagitis, but their quality of life is not significantly influenced.     

老年胃食管反流病患者临床特征分析

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in aged patients for improvement of diagnosis and treatemcnt. Methods The reflux disease questionnaire was performed in patients diagnosed as GERD based on Montreal definition and classification as well as Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients were divided into elderly group (≥65 years) and control group(＜65 years). The incidence of hita[ hernia (HH), the frequencies of esophagitis (based on Los Angeles classification), clinical features, and quality of life were compared between two groups. Results There was no difference between two groups in male/female ratio and morbidity of HH(P＞0.05). In comparison with control group, the frequency of esophagitis graded as LC or LD increased and extra-esophageal symptoms were higher in elderly group (P＜ 0.05), but the lower typical symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) were seen in the elderly group(P＜0.05). The scores of role physical, bodily pain and role emotional were higher in elderly group than those in control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant differences between two groups in physical function, vitality,social functioning, mental health, and general health. Conclusion The elderly GERD patients often have lower score of typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) and high incidence of severer esophagitis, but their quality of life is not significantly influenced.