改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术疗效的临床观察

目的:改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP) 的手术方法，探讨保留悬雍垂的可行性和必要性。方法：全身麻醉下行保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术，术中完整保留悬雍垂，切除腭帆间隙脂肪，提高软腭最高切点均在2.5?cm 以上。结果：完整保留的悬雍垂术后2周开始回缩，3个月后咽腔接近年轻状态，无腭咽关闭不全及再狭窄。主观问卷调查和PSG客观检测有效率为100%。结论：保留悬雍垂可提高软腭最高切点开大咽腔，扩大软腭鼻咽面和咽后壁间距并防止腭咽关闭不全，可明显提高UPPP手术疗效。     

保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术临床应用初探

目的　改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成形术手术方法 ,探讨保留悬雍垂的可行性和必要性。方法　经多导睡眠监测确诊为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 60例 ,全身麻醉下行保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术 ,术中完整保留悬雍垂 ,切除腭帆间隙脂肪组织 ,扩大软腭成形范围。结果　主观症状明显改善 ,术后 8d ,睡眠状态下心电监护仪血氧饱和度监测 ,平卧≥ 87% ,侧卧≥ 90 %。完整保留的悬雍垂术后 2周开始回缩 ,2～ 3个月接近或达到正常水平 ,保留了咽腔基本形态结构 ,有效防止腭咽关闭不全的发生。 6个月后随访采用多导睡眠监测 ,以睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数下降 5 0 %为判断标准 ,有效率达 83 % ( 5 0 / 60 )。结论　腭咽成形术中保留悬雍垂是可行和必要的     

保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术临床应用初探

目的 改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成形术手术方法，探讨保留悬雍垂的可行性和必要性。方法 经多导睡眠监测确诊为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征60例，全身麻醉下行保留悬雍垂的腭咽成形术，术中完整保留悬雍垂，切除腭帆间隙脂肪组织，扩大软腭成形范围。结果 主观症状明显改善，术后8d，睡眠状态下心电监护仪血氧饱和度监测，平卧≥87%，侧卧≥90%。完整保留的悬雍垂术后2周开始回缩，2-3个月接近或达到正常水平，保留了咽腔基本形态结构，有效防止腭咽关闭不全的发生。6个月后随访采用多导睡眠监测，以睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数下降50T为判断标准，有效率达83%（50/60）。结论 腭咽成形术中保留悬雍垂是可行和必要的。     

腭咽成形术中保留悬雍垂的意义

目的 改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成形术（ＵＰＰＰ）手术方法，探讨术中保留悬雍垂的意义，提高ＵＰＰＰ手术疗效、减少术后并发症。方法 治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者３０例。①在主观症状改善的基础上，应用多导睡眠图分析及咽腔解剖参数测量等项指标，术后随访６个月以上，对术前术后所获资料进行统计学分析。②手术改进特点：力求维持咽腔正常生理解剖形态，完整保留悬雍垂，解剖切除腭帆间隙脂肪组织，扩大软腭成形范围，平均软腭切除     

改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的改进传统的悬雍垂腭咽成形术（uvul opalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP）治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）的疗效,探讨减少术后并发症的方法。方法对68例OSAHS患者行改良UPPP。手术要点：维持咽腔正常解剖生理形态,保留悬雍垂,切除腭帆间隙脂肪组织,对软腭和咽侧壁进行成形,充分扩大咽腔。术后随访6个月以上,12个月时行多道睡眠图（polysomnography,PSG）监测。结果患者憋气、打鼾、嗜睡等症状均于6个月内明显减轻或消失,术后12个月经PSG监测,其有效率为95.6%。结论改良UPPP可充分扩大咽腔空间,避免并发症,提高手术效果。     

悬雍垂-软腭折叠成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的　改进经典悬雍垂腭咽成型术 (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ,UPPP)的手术方法 ,提高治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (obstructivesleepapnea hypopneasyndrome ,OSAHS)的治疗效果 ,减少术后并发症。方法　用新改进的术式治疗OSAHS患者 3 6例 ,轻度 8例 ,中度 2 1例 ,重度 7例。在常规UPPP手术基础上完整保留悬雍垂及腭肌 ,切除软腭口咽面下段 1/ 3～ 1/ 2的黏膜及黏膜下部分脂肪组织 ,再将软腭自游离缘向上折叠并与上切缘缝合 ,形成新软腭。保留软腭的活动与功能。结果　 3 1例 ( 86 1% )诉睡眠时鼾声、白天嗜睡和晨起头痛等症状明显改善。术后 6个月复查 ,3 0例( 83 3 3 % )低通气指数下降超过 5 0 % ,19例 <5次 /h ,9例≤ 2 0次 /h ,6例≤ 40次 /h。没有出现术后出血、开放性鼻音、长期饮食返流、鼻咽腔瘢痕性狭窄等并发症。结论　此改进术式在有效扩大咽腔 ,尤其是软腭后间隙的基础上 ,避免了腭咽关闭不全、饮食返流、鼻咽腔瘢痕性狭窄等并发症 ,疗效良好     

悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的疗效观察

目的；探讨中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）的手术疗效。方法：采用改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术（UPPP），即扩大软腭切除范围，解剖腭帆间隙，保留悬雍垂及咽腔的基本结构治疗64例此种患者。结果：术后随访，6个月时复查多导睡眠监测仪，显效21例（32.8%)。有效24例（37.5%)。总有效率为70.3%。无效19例(29.7%)。结论：改良UPPP是治疗中度OSAS的有效方法。     

改良腭咽成形术中保留悬雍垂的意义(附30例报告)

目的探讨保留悬雍垂的UPPP手术对治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床意义.方法为30例OSAS患者行改良的UPPP,即扩大软腭切除范围,解剖腭帆间隙,保留悬雍垂结构,并在悬雍垂鼻咽面行横形小梭形切口,切除悬雍垂的脂肪组织,扩大鼻咽腔.结果术后随访6个月,多导睡眠监测仪复查,治愈10例(33.3%),显效12例(40%),有效7例(23.3%),无效1例(3.33%),总有效率97.8%.结论改良UPPP疗效确切,完整保留悬雍垂是必要的,可行的.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的改良术式

目的 改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术方法,保留悬雍垂,对软腭和咽侧壁进行处理和成形。 方法 手术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者263例。手术改 良方法要点：维持咽腔正常解剖生理形态,保留悬雍垂,切除腭帆间隙脂肪组织,对软腭和咽侧壁进行成形, 以充分扩大咽峡和鼻咽峡。 应用多导睡眠图分析,术后随访6个月以上,对术前和术后资料进行统计学分析。结果 263例患者均进入结果分析。(1) 术后不需镇痛药197例(74.9%),需要镇痛药66例(25.1%),咽侧壁光滑168例(63.9%),部分裂开95例(36.1%),术后均无憋气及鼻腔返流等并发症; (2) 均随访6个月以上,无吞咽返呛、开放性鼻音等并发症。95例(36.1%)有咽部异物感,189例(71.9%)睡眠呼吸暂停症状消失,74例(28.1%)仍有症状,但均较术前改善。 术后口腔形态满意252例(95.8%),不满意11例(4.2%); (3) 术前与术后多导睡眠监测结果各项指标比较, 差异均有统计学意义(P均<0. 05)。 结论 改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术可充分扩大咽腔空间,避免并发症,提高手术疗效。     

改良等离子辅助下的悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗重度OSAHS

目的:探讨UPPP手术改良的新方法及改良等离子辅助下的UPPP(M-CAUP)治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法:回顾性分析行手术治疗的87例重度OSAHS患者(均经阻塞定位系统ApneaGraph 200监测诊断为腭后区狭窄)。病例选择:术前经PSG结合ApneaGraph 200监测结果示AHI≥30次/h,LSaO2≤85%的患者。M-CAUP手术方法:①70#刀头行双扁桃体被膜外融切术。②70#刀头解剖软腭前间隙,彻底融切软腭前间隙内的脂肪组织,避免损伤腭帆张肌、腭帆提肌及尽量保留悬雍垂肌,保留口咽正常解剖结构。③55#刀头行软腭打孔消融,使软腭适度减容。④成形:缝合以关闭扁桃体窝,腭弓及悬雍垂两侧以丝线间断缝合。术后随访6~18个月并均行PSG。结果:术后患者咽腔扩大,咽腔基本结构完整,无鼻咽反流出现,患者主观症状明显改善。与术前比较,术后AHI值下降、LSaO2升高、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分下降均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。术后有效率为89.7%。结论:OSAHS病因复杂,治疗方法多样,对于重度OSAHS,传统UPPP手术效果多不理想;本研究证实M-C...     

Value of preservation of uvula in uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of the modified Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) where uvula is preserved in the operation, and whether the postoperative complications are diminished. METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (29 men, 1 woman) were analyzed by questionnaire, polysomnography and oral cavity measurement before and 6 months after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty to assess the surgical outcome and value of preservation of uvula in the operation. RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of patients reported improvement of snoring and daytime sleepiness. Fifty-three percent of patients showed a decrease of at least 50% in the apnea and hypopnea indices. Among the mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea (AHI < 50), 73.3% of them showed a decrease of at least 50% in the AHI. No velopalatal insufficiency occurred. The result of oral cavity measurement showed that the uvula, which was preserved completely during the operation, began to contract 2 weeks after the operation. Three to six month after operation, uvula contracted to the normal length and the anatomical shape of the pharyngeal cavity became normal. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the uvula preserving UPPP indicate that this approach not only improves the effect of the UPPP, but also avoids the postoperative complications. The uvula that preserved completely during the operation will contract to the normal length progressively.     

悬雍垂—软腭折叠成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of the modified (Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, UPPP) where uvula is reserved completely and the soft palate is folded in the operation. METHODS: 36 patients with the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) (30 men, 6 women) underwent operation. The uvula and the muscles of the soft palate were reserved completely, and the soft palate was folded during the operation. RESULTS: 31 patients (86.1%) reported improvement of snoring and daytime somnolence. 30 patients (83.33%) showed a decrease of at least 50% in the apnea and hypopnea indices (AHI). No velopalatal insufficiency occurred. CONCLUSION: The modified UPPP not only enlarges pharyngeal cavity, but also avoids the postoperative complications. The modified UPPP could be better than the traditional operation.     

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty without complications: a Fujita complication

In 17 illustrations, a modification of Fujita's technique of UPPP is presented. This operation consists of excising redundant velar tissues from the free margin of the soft palate, tonsillar pillars, and uvula without reducing the muscles of the velum. In addition, the uvula muscle is almost completely preserved. Seventy patients, with habitual snoring or with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, who underwent this surgery were followed-up from six to 24 months and did not show any palatal insufficiency with air and liquid escape through the nose. Additional remarks are made concerning the difficulties encountered during intubation of 60 percent of patients with chronic rhonchopathy.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者手术前后口咽腔测量分析

目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (obstructivesleepapnea hypopneasyndrome ,OSAHS)患者口咽腔扩大的程度与疗效的关系。方法　对 38例OSAHS行悬雍垂腭咽成形术 (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ,UPPP)的病例进行手术前后口咽腔测量 :悬雍垂基底宽、悬雍垂长、悬雍垂至咽后壁间距、腭舌弓间距和腭咽弓间距。并观察呼吸暂停低通气指数 (apnea hypopneaindex ,AHI)、体块指数 (bodymassindex ,BMI)、血氧饱和度 (oxygensaturation ,SaO2 )的变化。结果　OSAHS患者手术前的腭舌弓间距和腭咽弓间距比对照组窄 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而至咽后壁的距离 ,悬雍垂长、宽两组数据间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。手术后腭舌弓间距、腭咽弓间距、至咽后壁的距离与对照组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。有效组和无效组比较 ,手术前呼吸暂停低通气指数、体块指数、最低SaO2 、平均SaO2 、悬雍垂至咽后壁间距、腭舌弓间距和腭咽弓间距、悬雍垂长、宽在统计学上差异无显著性(P >0 1)。结论　OSAHS患者的口咽部左右径小于健康人 ,而前后径与健康人相近。UPPP手术可以显著扩大咽腔口咽部左右径 ,达到健康人水平。UPPP手术疗效不仅仅与解剖结构异常有关 ,还存在其他影响因素     

保留悬雍垂的腭咽微波成形术的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨腭咽微波成形术治疗腭咽平面阻塞所致的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的治疗效果。方法：对61例腭咽平面阻塞所致的OSAHS患者进行腭咽微波成形术,其中9例单纯行腭咽微波成形术,36例加双侧腭扁桃体切除术。16例加双侧腭扁桃体切除术及舌根微波消融术。结果：悬雍垂术后约2周开始回缩,约3个月接近或达到正常水平,保留咽腔的基本形态结构。无一例出现腭咽关闭不全。21例术后有咽部异物感,持续2～5个月渐消失。6个月后随访,治愈13例(21．31％),显效32例(52．46％),有效12例(19．67％),无效4例(6．56％),总有效率93．44％。结论：悬雍垂腭咽微波成形术手术时间短、出血少．术后效果满意。     

Revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with uvula preservation and its clinical study

OBJECTIVES: A revised uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is reported for reducing the surgical complications without compromising the response. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A new method of performing UPPP was designed, in which the uvula is preserved, but a larger portion of the soft palate is removed. This new procedure is called the 'revised UPPP with uvula preservation' (Han's UPPP or H-UPPP), the characteristics of which are as follows: complete preservation of the uvula; larger portion of the soft palate resected (with the levator palati and tensor palati remaining intact); the adipose tissue in the space of the velum palati is removed; the preserved uvula will become a 'normal' one by the contraction of scar tissue on both sides of the musculus palato-uvularis and the lower margin of the tensor palati. 68 cases of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome had been treated with H-UPPP between September 1998 and May 2001. RESULTS: Polysomnography was performed for all 68 cases 6 months postoperatively with a surgical response of 69.12%, defined as a >50% reduction of the apnea-hypopnea index and <20 apneic pauses/h; no palatopharyngeal incompetency or palatopharyngeal stenosis. Anatomic measurements showed that the preserved uvula in H-UPPP begins to retract 2 weeks postoperatively, and the preserved uvula becomes 'normal' in 3-6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that H-UPPP is an effective surgery and produces fewer complications compared with the classic UPPP.