前交叉韧带重建术股骨侧定位“理想点”等张重建的临床效果研究

目的 探究前交叉韧带重建术(anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, ACLR)股骨侧定位“理想点”等张重建的临床效果，以期为临床ACLR手术方案提供依据。方法 本研究为回顾性病例对照研究，以自2020年1月至2022年10月收入潍坊医学院附属医院浮烟山院区骨科的98例符合条件的前交叉韧带损伤患者为研究对象，根据股骨侧定位的不同，将入组的患者分成两组。对照组42例患者，男22例，女20例；年龄19～31岁，平均(25.34±5.93)岁；选择过顶位(Over-the-top)股骨侧定位方案；观察组56例患者，男26例，女30例；年龄20～32岁，平均(26.14±6.05)岁；选择“理想点”股骨侧定位方案。统计两组患者的一般基准资料，收集手术相关资料，利用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale, VAS)和疼痛程度数字评估量表(numerical rating scale, NRS)评估患者膝关节疼痛情况，利用国际膝关节文献委员会(international knee documentation committee, IK...     

前交叉韧带保留残端重建术治疗前交叉韧带损伤的研究

目的分析关节镜下前交叉韧带保留残端重建术治疗前交叉韧带损伤患者的短期随访情况。方法选取2015年3月至2017年1月我院收治的80例前交叉韧带损伤患者,应用简单随机化分组方法将符合标准的患者按照1︰1分配,随机数序号为1～40号者为观察组,41～80号者为对照组。对照组(40例)实施传统标准前交叉韧带重建术,其中男27例,女13例;年龄20～56岁,平均(37.73±8.79)岁。观察组(40例)实施关节镜下前交叉韧带保留残端重建术,其中男24例,女16例;年龄21～55岁,平均(38.11±8.46)岁。比较两组患者Lysholm膝关节评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(international knee documentation committee,IKDC)评分、患侧膝关节被动角度再生试验结果、被动活动觉察阀值、二次关节镜探查率及所探查患者滑膜覆盖情况。结果观察组术后3个月、术后6个月Lysholm评分、IKDC评分高于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后3个月、术后6个月患侧膝关节被动角度再生试验结果低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后3个月、术后6个月患侧膝关节被动活动觉察阀值低于对照组(P0.05);观察组二次关节镜探查率20.00%与对照组25.00%相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组所探查患者滑膜覆盖分布情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下前交叉韧带保留残端重建术治疗前交叉韧带损伤,可促进腱骨愈合,且残余肌腱套袖样包裹移植肌腱,能增加膝关节稳定性,在术后早期改善患者膝关节功能与本体感觉,具有一定应用价值。     

全内短腱技术行后交叉韧带双束保残重建术的近期疗效

目的 :探讨关节镜下采用全内短腱技术行后交叉韧带双束保残重建术的方法及疗效。方法 :自2010年10月至2018年6月收治50例单纯后交叉韧带断裂患者,男35例,女15例;年龄20～45岁;急性损伤16例,陈旧损伤34例。取同侧自体腘绳肌腱,关节镜下保留后交叉韧带残端,采用全内短腱技术双束重建后交叉韧带,移植韧带两端利用带可调节袢悬吊钛板固定。采用Lysholm膝关节评分、IKDC评分评价临床疗效。结果:50例均获随访,时间6～60(28.84±9.52)个月,末次随访时,膝关节活动度均恢复至正常范围。Lysholm膝关节评分中位数值术前54分,术后100分。根据IKDC评分,术前A级0例,B级0例,C级20例,D级30例;术后A级29例,B级19例,C级1例,D级1例,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:关节镜下全内短腱技术后交叉韧带双束保残重建术安全可靠,移植肌腱需要量少,固定稳定,骨量保留多有利愈合及翻修,近期疗效肯定。     

半月板成形对前交叉韧带重建术后膝关节功能恢复影响的病例对照研究

目的:观察半月板成形对前交叉韧带重建术后膝关节功能和稳定性的影响。方法:收集2013年1月至2015年1月接受符合纳入标准的前交叉韧带重建患者64例,分为对照组和成形组。对照组30例,为半月板完整的前交叉韧带重建患者,男24例,女6例;年龄22~43岁;左侧17例,右侧13例;随访时间12~19个月。成形组34例,为接受半月板成形的前交叉韧带重建患者,男27例,女7例;年龄23~42岁;左侧22例,右侧12例;随访时间12~20个月。观测术前患侧胫骨前移度、膝关节功能评分及末次随访时健侧和患侧胫骨前移度、主动本体感觉和膝关节功能评分。胫骨前移度采用KT-1000测量,膝关节功能采用Lysholm评分量表和KOOS量表评估,主动本体感觉测量膝关节重复30°、45°、60°的3个角度的误差。结果:对照组术后患侧胫骨前移度(1.4±0.2)mm,低于成形组的(2.2±0.4)mm(P0.05)。对照组和成形组术后膝关节Lysholm总分分别为93.7±2.7和92.3±3.0,均较术前的52.8±3.9和51.6±5.1提高(P0.05),但术后对照组Lysholm总分与成形组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在KOOS量表的评分中,对照组术后症状、疼痛、日常生活、运动能力及生活质量分别为90.7±5.5、93.2±4.3、96.8±2.2、90.9±5.3和91.8±4.5,高于术前的72.7±6.0、70.6±7.3、72.5±7.4、52.8±5.4和36.2±6.5(P0.05);成形组术后症状、疼痛、日常生活、运动能力及生活质量分别为88.9±5.8、92.6±3.5、96.5±2.1、89.3±7.2和90.6±4.1,高于治疗前的71.9±5.1、71.2±7.1、71.3±6.2、53.1±6.1和35.6±4.7(P0.05),对照组术后KOOS量表各项评分与成形组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后对照组健侧主动本体感觉误差为(12.2±3.4)°,与成形组健侧的(12.8±3.2)°相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组患侧主动本体感觉误差为(13.5±3.7)°,小于成形组患侧的(17.1±4.2)°(P0.05);对照组患侧主动本体感觉误差与健侧比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而成形组患侧主动本体感觉误差明显大于健侧(P0.05)。结论:半月板成形对前交叉韧带重建术后患者中短期内膝关节功能无显著影响,但膝关节本体感觉及稳定性减弱。     

前交叉韧带单束重建和双束解剖重建短期临床疗效的病例对照研究

目的:比较关节镜下采用单束重建和双束重建前交叉韧带的临床效果。方法:自2009年1月至2010年5月,45例前交叉韧带撕裂患者分别行前交叉韧带解剖双束重建(双束重建组)和自体腘绳肌腱前交叉韧带单束重建(单束重建组)。双束组22例,男15例,女7例;年龄(27.04±3.68)岁;运动损伤3例,交通损伤19例。单束组18例,男13例,女5例;年龄(28.16±4.76)岁;运动损伤2例,交通损伤16例。按照IKDC、Lysholm膝关节评分标准及Lachman试验、轴移试验及KT-1000评估疗效。结果:双束重建组22例、单束重建组18例均获随访,时间12个月。单束重建组IKDC评分从术前(41.40±6.30)分提高至(95.70±3.10)分;Lysholm评分从(47.20±6.30)分提高至(94.20±2.40)分,双束重建组IKDC评分从术前(40.90±6.10)分提高至(96.10±3.40)分,Lysholm膝关节评分从术前(48.10±6.50)分提高至(95.10±2.49)分,两组差异无统计学意义。两组患者中均有1例Lachman试验I度阳性,1例轴移试验阳性。双束重建组KT-1000值(1.5±1.2)mm,单束重建组KT-1000值(1.9±1.5)mm,两组差异无统计学意义。结论:关节镜下采用单束重建和双束重建前交叉韧带临床疗效无明显差异。     

保留残端纤维双束重建后交叉韧带的病例对照研究

目的:评估"Y"形双束后交叉韧带重建中保留残端纤维的临床疗效。方法:自2007年1月至2010年11月,将符合纳入标准的单纯后交叉韧带陈旧性损伤患者50例,分为保留残端纤维组(保残组)和切除残端纤维组(不保残组)。保残组26例,男19例,女7例;年龄18～55岁,平均(32.250±11.085)岁;术前受伤时间2～66个月,平均(17.481±3.568)个月。不保残组24例,男17例,女7例;年龄20～54岁,平均(31.458±9.569)岁;术前受伤时间3～72个月,平均(19.354±3.950)个月。两组患者均有膝关节不稳,后抽屉试验阳性。保残组:术中保留髁间窝残端纤维、瘢痕组织及滑膜,仅切除导致髁间窝呈球状游离韧带组织。不保残组:切除残端纤维、瘢痕组织及其附着部滑膜组织。两组均采用自体半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双束重建后交叉韧带,胫骨侧采用可吸收挤压钉与牵引线拴桩固定,股骨侧采用可吸收挤压钉与牵引线悬吊复合固定。术前及术后2年分别对两组患者进行主观评估(主观性IKDC、Lysholm评分及Cincinnati评分)和客观临床评估(客观IKDC评分、Kneelax3胫骨后移测试)。结果:主观评估结果比较:主观性IKDC评分,保残组92.167±4.177优于不保残组87.542±5.687(P=0.010);Lysholm评分,保残组90.917±4.413优于不保残组87.083±5.149(P=0.027);Cincinnati膝关节评分,保残组92.125±4.003优于不保残组87.791±6.665(P=0.027)。客观评估结果比较:客观IKDC评分,保残组与不保残组比较差异无统计学意义;Kneelax3检查,在132N力作用下用Kneelax3做胫骨后移测试,保残组与不保残组差异无统计学意义。结论:保留残端纤维与切除残端纤维双束重建后交叉韧带比较,保留残端纤维双束后交叉韧带重建术后膝关节主观功能恢复更好,而术后膝关节机械稳定性无明显差异。     

核心力量训练对前交叉韧带重建术后功能影响的病例对照研究

目的:观察核心力量训练对前交叉韧带重建术后膝关节功能和姿势稳定性的影响。方法:自2013年5月至2015年5月共纳入接受前交叉韧带重建患者80例,分为常规康复训练组和核心力量训练组,各40例。常规康复训练组接受常规前交叉韧带重建术后康复训练,其中男28例,女12例;年龄22~42岁,平均(30.5±5.2)岁;体重指数(BMI)18.2~25.9 kg/m~2,平均(23.8±2.4)kg/m~2;优势侧30例,非优势侧10例。核心力量训练组接受常规前交叉韧带重建术后康复训练加核心力量训练,其中男31例,女9例;年龄21~45岁,平均(31.1±4.8)岁;BMI:18.5~26.1 kg/m~2,平均(24.1±2.7)kg/m~2;优势侧27例,非优势侧13例。收集患者治疗前后膝关节Lysholm量表评分、KT-1000测量的胫骨前移度及治疗后星形偏移平衡测试结果,对两组结果进行比较分析。结果:治疗后常规康复训练组和核心力量训练组胫骨前移度分别为(3.4±1.0)mm和(3.3±1.2)mm,小于治疗前的(12.1±1.8)mm和(12.5±2.0)mm(P0.05),但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);常规康复训练组和核心力量训练组治疗后Lysholm评分分别为91.8±4.3和92.1±3.9,高于治疗前的69.2±5.8和70.2±5.1(P0.05),但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后星形偏移平衡测试显示核心力量训练组伤侧支撑和健侧支撑下肢所能到达最远的距离在8个方向上均要大于常规康复训练组(P0.05)。结论:核心力量训练能够有效提高前交叉韧带重建术后患者的动态平衡稳定性。     

前交叉韧带股骨侧移植物的止点和角度对术后膝关节功能的影响

目的:探讨前交叉韧带重建术股骨止点定位和隧道角度与术后膝关节功能的相关性。方法:分析自2006年1月至2009年5月行前交叉韧带单束重建术的47例患者,男32例,女15例;年龄19～51岁,平均35.3岁。在末次随访时摄膝关节正侧位X线片并记录以下指标:移植物在股骨止点上的位置,股骨隧道在冠状面与内、外髁连线及矢状面与股骨干轴线的夹角。根据IKDC评分,38例>90分,9例<90分。通过对两组的比较,分析各项指标与膝关节功能的相关性。结果:IKDC评分>90分的38例股骨止点位于Blumensaat线后16.21%～53.82%,平均(29.73±4.31)%;<90分的9例股骨止点位于Blumensaat线后27.18%～72.34%,平均(46.61±3.43)%,两组差异有统计学意义。>90分的38例股骨隧道中心线与膝关节线夹角33°～67°,平均(49.5±4.72)°;<90分的9例41°～81°,平均(67.6±3.09)°,两组差异有统计学意义。>90分的患者股骨隧道中心线与股骨干长轴的夹角11°～45°,平均(31.3±5.12)°;<90分的9例为23°～56°,平均(41.2±5.69)°,两组差异有统计学意义。结论:前交叉韧带重建术股骨止点定位和隧道角度与术后膝关节功能关系密切,故在前交叉韧带重建时应尽量选择前内侧入路解剖重建。     

关节镜下自体与异体骨-髌腱-骨重建后交叉韧带的临床对比研究

目的 比较自体与异体骨-髌腱-骨(B-PT-B)移植苇建后交叉韧带(PCL)的临床疗效.方法 1999年5月至2008年9月,50例PCL完全断裂患者接受关节镜下自体B-PT-B重建PCL手术(自体组),男42例,女8例;平均年龄(22.5±5.7)岁;受伤至手术时间平均为6.7个月.同期56例PCL完全断裂患者接受关节镜下异体B-PT-B重建PCL手术(异体组),男44例,女12例;平均年龄(23.2±6.2)岁;受伤至手术时间平均为6.2个月.两组患者均采用相同的手术方法.记录两组患者的手术时间、发热天数、伤口愈合时间,采用国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)分级、Lysholm评分及KT-2000膝关节测量仪测量胫骨后移距离健患侧之间差值等评估两组患者手术疗效.结果 手术时间自体组[(85.5±11.5)min]长于异体组[(65.1±10.1)min],发热天数异体组[(7.1±1.5)d]长于自体组[(2.5±2.5)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).自体组随访时间19～43个月,平均(31.9±6.7)个月;异体组随访时间18～48个月,平均(33.4±8.2)个月.末次随访时自体组与异体组Lysholm评分平均分别为(85.5±4.1)、(86.7±4.8)分,胫骨后移距离健患侧差值平均分别为(2.1±0.9)、(2.4±1.1)mm,两组之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),同-组内末次随访时与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访时自体组IKDC分级:A级30例,B级13例,C级7例;异体组:A级32例,B级17例,C级6例,D级1例,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 采用自体韧带移植手术时间较采用同种异体韧带长,而术后发热时间较短.自体与同种异体B-PT-B移植重建PCL的临床效果无明显差异.对自体韧带不足者,如多发伤、老年人、韧带翻修等,异体B-PT-B是一种良好的替代物.     

髌股内侧韧带重建治疗非骨性畸形复发性髌骨脱位的效果分析

目的 对比髌股内侧韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解术与单纯髌股内侧韧带重建术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法 收集2015年1月至2019年12月西南医科大学附属医院收治的31例复发性髌骨脱位患者资料。其中髌股内侧韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解组(A组)16例,男3例,女13例;年龄19～27岁,平均(22.2±3.9)岁。单纯髌股内侧韧带重建组(B组)15例,男2例,女13例;年龄20～28岁,平均(23.4±4.2)岁。记录两组术后并发症与髌骨再脱位率,采用髌骨松弛指数及Kujala评分、Tegner评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(international knee documentation committee, IKDC)量表评价膝关节功能。结果 31例患者随访时间12～20个月,平均(16.5±1.8)个月。末次随访时,两组患者Kujala评分、Tegner评分、IKDC评分较术前均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组髌骨松弛指数为0.23,B组为0.24,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组发生髌骨再...     

The anterior cruciate ligament

Our knowledge of the anterior cruciate ligament has expanded rapidly over the last decade. Recent advances in arthroscopic techniques, the development and release of synthetic stents and prostheses, increasing laboratory and clinical data involving allograft implantation, and biomechanical research in knee rehabilitation have led to a bewildering array of choices for treatment of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. As new information and techniques are presented, and new synthetic and biological materials become available, orthopedic surgeons must judge their value and modify treatment recommendations accordingly. A thorough knowledge of the basic science and clinical information is necessary to appropriately evaluate these new advances. A review of our current knowledge of the anterior cruciate ligament is presented to facilitate this evaluation process.     

Aplasia of the anterior cruciate ligament with a compensating posterior cruciate ligament.

Aplasia of the anterior cruciate ligament is a rare condition and is usually associated with other abnormalities of the lower extremities. We report aplasia of the anterior cruciate ligament with a compensating posterior cruciate ligament in a 15-year-old boy.     

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

A report is given of a personal series of 72 cases of injury of the anterior cruciate ligament, reconstructed by use of modifications of the Jones procedure. After one year, stability of the knee without a drawer sign was obtained in 80 per cent of the cases.     

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.

Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is indicated for selected patients with recurrent instability after a failed primary procedure. The cause of the failure must be carefully identified to avoid pitfalls that may cause the revision to fail as well. Associated instability patterns must be recognized and corrected to achieve a successful result. The choice of graft, the problem of retained hardware, and tunnel placement are the major challenges of revision ACL reconstruction. The patient must have reasonable expectations and understand that the primary goal of surgery is restoration of the ability to perform activities of daily living, rather than a return to competitive athletics. The results of revision ACL reconstructions are not as good as those after primary reconstructions; however, the procedure appears to be beneficial for most patients.     

Quadriceps protects the anterior cruciate ligament.

The aim of this study is to show that the quadriceps is the primary muscular restraint to anterior tibial translation during closed kinetic chain activities such as running, jumping, walking, and standing. It is my hypothesis that the quadriceps vector is directed superiorly during open kinetic chain knee extension and inferiorly during closed kinetic chain knee extension. My methods involve vector analysis based on a lateral radiograph of the normal human knee and muscle ultrasound. My results show that the quadriceps vector is directed superiorly for open kinetic chain knee extension and inferiorly for closed kinetic chain knee extension. The inferiorly directed quadriceps vector has an anterior femoral-tibial or posterior tibial-femoral component, which protects the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from anterior tibial-femoral shear. Therefore during closed kinetic chain activities, the quadriceps protects the ACL regardless of the activity of the hamstrings. Given that the quadriceps is much stronger than the hamstrings, has better leverage at low knee flexion angles, and a favorable vector with regard to the ACL during closed kinetic chain activities, and since most activities of daily living, sports, and non-contact ACL injuries occur with the foot on the ground, then it can be concluded that the quadriceps is the primary ACL protagonist. My findings have the following implications: (1) weak quadriceps are a risk factor for non-contact ACL injuries, (2) strong quadriceps are important for ACL injury prevention and rehabilitation, and (3) preservation of quadriceps strength is an important surgical goal.     

Semitendinosus Kennedy ligament augmentation device anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

This is a prospective study of 78 chronic unilateral isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) patients who were treated with an arthroscopically-assisted reconstruction technique using the semitendinosus tendon, occasionally associated with the gracilis, augmented with the Kennedy-ligament augmentation device (LAD). There was a minimum two-year follow-up period (mean, 34.3 months; range, 24-50 months). Ligamentous surgery was always restricted to the ACL intraarticular reconstruction. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative examinations at three, six, 12, 18, and 24 months, and every year thereafter, including subjective and objective evaluation with KT 1000 arthrometer laxity measurements, were completed. Two-year examination data were available on 77 (98.7%) of the 78 patients compared with preoperative data. The pivot shift (side-to-side difference) improved from 49.3% with Grade 0-1 to 92.2% with Grade 0-1. KT 1000 20-pound anterior drawer (greater than 5 mm side-to-side difference) improved from 49.3% (mean, 6 mm) to 91.1% (mean, 0.55 mm). KT 1000 maximum manual anterior drawer (greater than 5 mm side-to-side difference) improved from 21.9% (mean, 7.8 mm) to 97.4% (mean, 0.55 mm). After ACL reconstruction, 89.6% of patients had a full range of motion and only 10.3% had flexion contractures of less than 5 degrees; 5.2% of patients had mild effusion. Functional Lysholm knee scoring of 100 points improved from 7.7% scoring over 85 points preoperatively (mean, 66.5) to 92.1% postoperatively (mean, 95.6). Instability was controlled in 89.4% of the patients, and 71.4% have been involved in sports after injury. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reduces pathologic laxity, improves lower-leg function, and minimizes flexion contracture and effusion.     

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Revision ACL surgery is indicated in patients who present with pathologic anterior laxity on clinical examination that reproduces their symptoms of instability during activities of daily living or athletic activities. The goals of the revision ACL surgery are to stabilize the knee, prevent further injury to the articular cartilage and menisci, and maximize the patient's function. Successful revision ACL surgery requires a thorough preoperative evaluation, including a detailed history, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation. Preoperative planning begins with a determination of the mechanisms of failure for the initial ACL reconstruction. Often a primary, as well as secondary cause, for failure can be identified. The determination of the cause of failure is the first step in a carefully-constructed treatment plan, which includes consideration of skin incisions to be used, method of graft removal, hardware removal, the need for a staged procedure or concomitant surgery, graft material selection, tunnel placement, graft fixation, and postoperative rehabilitation protocol. Despite the most meticulous planning, unanticipated findings may be encountered in the operating room, and the preoperative plan should have enough flexibility to accommodate these developments. Finally, it is crucial to counsel the patient preoperatively to limit his or her expectations regarding their surgical outcome. Given the complexity of revision ACL reconstruction, patient expectations must be adjusted to realistically match the potential for success. With proper planning, attention to detail, and appropriate patient expectations, revision ACL surgery can result in a beneficial and satisfying patient outcome.