基于能量摄入与体重指数关系的膳食营养问卷的评价

目的对西安市中老年女性膳食营养问卷进行信度和效度研究。方法采用重复测量和分半法评价膳食营养问卷,检验其重测信度和分半信度;用再测分析法和确立一个效标评价膳食营养问卷,检验其内容效度和效标效度。结果膳食营养问卷重测、分半结果之间一致性较好,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,3d膳食营养问卷的重测信度和分半信度超过0．51;问卷的内容效度和效标效度均较高,3d膳食营养问卷调查结果与效标之间的相关系数为0．562。结论西安市中老年女性群体3d膳食营养问卷具有较好的信度和效度,在研究西安市相关人群的肥胖与膳食营养摄入之间关系时,是比较理想的膳食营养评价工具。     

《娱乐场所女性服务人员艾滋病知识、态度、行为》调查问卷信度与效度分析

[目的]评价中国加拿大合作设计《娱乐场所女性服务人员艾滋病知识、态度、行为》调查问卷的信度和效度。[方法]随机选择松江区25家娱乐场所的125名女性服务人员作为调查对象,计算该问卷的内部一致性和结构效度。[结果]该问卷的5个模块中,Cronbach’sα系数、分半信度在0.516~0.837之间。结构效度较好,9个公因子可解释问卷全部内容的69.52%。[结论]该问卷信度、效度符合要求,问卷具有较好的内在一致性和结构效度。     

Evidence for reliability, validity and usefulness of the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV)

The Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) is a brief, comprehensive measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) used extensively in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The 35-item questionnaire includes ten dimensions (health perceptions, pain, physical, role, social and cognitive functioning, mental health, energy, health distress and quality of life (QoL)) and takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. Subscales are scored on a 0–100 scale (a higher score indicates better health) and physical and mental health summary scores can be generated. The MOS-HIV has been shown to be internally consistent, correlate with concurrent measures of health, discriminate between distinct groups, predict future outcomes and be responsive to changes over time. Limited experience suggests acceptable reliability and validity in women, injecting drug users and African–American and lower socioeconomic status patients. The MOS-HIV is available in 14 languages and has been included as a secondary outcome measure in numerous clinical trials for all stages of disease. In several studies it has detected significant differences between treatments; in some cases concordant with conventional end-points and, in others, discordant. The interpretation of scores is facilitated by an explanation in terms meaningful to the intended audience. Research is needed to compare the MOS-HIV to other strategies for HRQoL assessment in early HIV disease.     

Reliability and relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire for Italian adults living in Sicily,Southern Italy

The aim of this study was to develop and test the reliability and relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) specifically developed for individuals living in Sicily, southern Italy. This study was conducted on a convenient sample of 178 adult volunteers aged 18–80 years recruited in the urban population of Catania. Dietary intake estimated by 2 FFQs was compared with six 24-h recalls covering a period of 10 months. A total of 110 food items were included in the FFQ. Person’s coefficients between the first FFQ and mean of the six 24-h recalls showed high correlations for coffee, tea, pasta and dairy products, alcohol, total fats and carbohydrates (in women). The test–retest analysis showed high reproducibility of the FFQ. We showed that our FFQ provided a useful estimate of both food and nutrient intake in a healthy adult population.     

Development,Relative Validity,and Reproducibility of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for the Japanese

We have developed a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use in assessing diet quality for Japan, with special reference to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Here, we assessed the ranking performance of this FFQ and its reproducibility. We developed a 28-item (21 food groups and 7 beverage) FFQ with consideration to both Japanese dietary culture and evidence of disease prevention. Twenty-four university faculty members participated in the validation study. They completed 3-day photographic food record and answered the FFQ on the next day of the last food record (time 1) and a week later (time 2). We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients between intakes of food groups from photographic food records and the consumption frequency from the FFQs (ranking ability) and between the consumption frequency of food groups from the FFQs (time 1 and time 2) (reproducibility). Spearman correlation coefficients between the food records and FFQ (time 1) ranged from −0.12 to 0.86 (median 0.51). These values were comparable to those in comparison with FFQ (time 2). After energy adjustment of intakes from the food records, the corresponding values were somewhat weakened for many food groups. The correlation coefficients between two FFQs ranged from 0.14 to 0.96 (median 0.79). The short FFQ showed acceptable reproducibility and ability to rank the consumption of most food groups.     

The Spanish version of the Nottingham Health Profile: a review of adaptation and instrument characteristics

The increased interest in measuring health status implies a need for instruments that are appropriate and valid. Adaptation of existing instruments may be a cost-effective strategy. In this paper we describe the adaptation into Spanish of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), a self-administered perceived health questionnaire developed in the UK. The characteristics of the adapted questionnaire (validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change), as well as current and purposed applications, are discussed. Some of the principles that were applied in the described adaptation process may be useful for similar future research: involving the investigators that developed the original instrument; using a panel of lay individuals in the translation process; testing the characteristics of the adapted instrument by replicating previous studies with the original instrument, and organizing an international group for the development and use of the European versions of the NHP. Adaptation of health status measures is an opportunity for gaining comparability when measuring health, and for learning about cross-cultural differences in health-related quality of life.A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the Satellite Symposium of the Inaugural Meeting of the International Health-related Quality of Life Society, Brussels, Belgium, 3–4 February 1994.     

The Oral Health Needs of Wisconsin Farmers and the Need for Patient Activation: A Pilot Study

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of oral health need of Wisconsin farmers based on sociodemographic variables, perceived oral health, and actual oral health, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a dental hygiene patient activation intervention. Methods: Oral health screenings were administered by calibrated dental hygienists to 60 Wisconsin farmers attending the 2016 Wisconsin Farm Technology Days. Study participants self-administered the Oral Health Inventory Profile-14 survey and participated in an Adult Basic Screening Survey. Validity and reliability of both instruments have been established in previous studies. A follow-up phone call for Wisconsin farmers with a moderate- to high-risk oral health condition determined study participants followed the dental hygiene recommendations signified if study participants followed the dental hygiene recommendations and if patient activation had been achieved. Results: Study participants represented Wisconsin farmers (N = 60; n = 32 men, n = 28 women) with an average age range between 50 and 60 years old. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 survey results indicated that this group of Wisconsin farmers did not perceive themselves to have an oral health problem. The Adult Basic Screening Survey results also indicated that the majority of study participants did not currently have active oral disease. There were 32% (n = 19) who qualified for follow-up phone call, with 15% (n = 3) seeking oral health care based on the dental hygiene recommendation. Significant associations between sociodemographic variables and actual oral health were not found, and the null hypotheses were not rejected. Conclusions: Findings suggest that this group of Wisconsin farmers is receiving regular oral health care and patient activation despite literature suggesting that farmers and rural individuals might face unique barriers to health and oral health care.     

兰州市城镇居民亚健康评定量表的信效度研究

目的:考评亚健康评定量表(SHMS V1.0)应用于兰州市城镇居民的信度和效度。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取甘肃省兰州市辖区内1139名城镇居民,利用城镇居民亚健康状况问卷进行调查。采用内部一致性信度和分半信度评价量表应用于该人群中的信度;采用Spearman相关分析,探索性因子分析以及验证性因子分析考评SHMS V1.0的结构效度。结果:信度分析中,SHMS V1.0总Cronbach’sα系数为0.914,各子量表系数分别为0.804、0.867和0.849;Spearman-Brown系数为0.944,Guttman折半信度系数为0.944。效度分析中,各条目得分与其相应维度得分的相关系数为0.569~0.872(P<0.01),各维度得分与其相应子量表得分的相关系数为0.529~0.893(P<0.01)。SHMS V1.0的KMO统计量为0.915,Bartlett球型检验结果为χ²=14879.667,υ=595(P<0.001),适宜做因子分析,探索性因子分析共提取8个公因子,累积方差贡献率达59.650%。验证性因子分析CMIN/DF值为2.485,RMSEA为0.037,NFI、RFI、IFI、TLI和CFI值分别为0.915、0.902、0.947、0.935和0.947。结论:SHMS V1.0应用于兰州市城镇居民调研中具有较高的信效度,该量表能够合理反应该地区城镇居民亚健康状态。     

Development and evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire for Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

The objectives of this study were to develop a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea and to evaluate the validity of the FFQ. A total of 80 food items were selected in developing the FFQ according to consumption frequency, the contribution of energy and other nutrients, and the cooking methods based on one-day 24 hour recall (24HR) from 918 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2006 and November 2007. The FFQ was validated by comparison with 24HR of 425 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2008 and August 2009. The absolute nutrient intake calculated from the FFQ was higher than that estimated by 24HR for most nutrients. The correlation coefficients between 24HR and FFQ ranged from 0.10 (vitamin C) - 0.36 (energy) for crude intake, 0.05 (vitamin E) - 0.32 (calcium) for per 1000 kcal, and 0.08 (zinc) - 0.34 (calcium) for energy-adjusted, respectively. More than 70% of subjects were classified into the same or adjacent agreement groups for nutrients other than fiber, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, while less than 10% of subjects were classified into complete disagreement groups. We conclude that the FFQ appears to be an acceptable tool for estimating nutrient intake and dietary patterns of Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea. Future studies to validate the FFQ using various biomarkers or other dietary assessment methods are needed.     

北京市社区早期儿童发展综合评价标准研究

【目的】编制北京市社区儿童保健医生使用的0~36月儿童发展的综合评价标准,提高群体儿童保健质量,促进早期儿童发展。【方法】依据目前的研究结果,编制综合评价标准,包括体格发育、神经心理、视觉、听觉发育以及疾病情况五个维度;采用横断面、分层随机抽样的方法,选择社区0~36月健康儿童进行信度效度研究;采用纵向追踪的方法在儿童保健门使用考察其应用情况。【结果】综合评价标准采用标准参照研究,评价结果与专家评定R=0.30~0.79;体格发育、视觉、听觉发育以及疾病情况四个维度均有临床可靠的评价和诊断标准,神经心理维度在各年龄组测查的一致百分比为94.22%,同质性信度α=0.43~0.82、具有较好的内容效度及效标关联效度(R=0.40~0.83)。【结论】0~12月儿童发展的综合评价标准适用于综合评价城市社区儿童发展状况,13~36月评价标准有效性有待临床进一步验证。     

Use of the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform System of Task Analysis for persons with schizophrenia: A preliminary study

Background/aim:  Task analysis that targets information processing skills is an essential tool to understanding difficulties encountered by people with schizophrenia in their daily activities. The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore the use of the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis for this clientele. The specific objectives were to describe information processing difficulties as measured by the PRPP and to examine preliminary evidence of construct validity and interrater reliability.
Methods:  In the first part of this study, 10 participants with schizophrenia living in the community were assessed using the PRPP during both a simple and a complex meal preparation task. Community functioning was measured using the Independent Living Skills Survey. In the second part, interrater reliability was appraised using three trained raters, who scored 15 participants preparing the complex meal preparation task.
Results:  Analysis of performance demonstrates that people with schizophrenia have difficulties especially in the Perceive and Plan quadrants of the PRPP and are more challenged in the complex task. The PRPP total score for the complex task is strongly related to the community functioning score. Results indicate good interrater reliability for the PRPP total score and moderate interrater reliability for the quadrant scores.
Conclusion:  Despite the small sample size, results from this preliminary study support the use of the PRPP System of Task Analysis to further explore the impact cognitive deficits have on daily task performance and thus on community functioning in people with schizophrenia.     

Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Trial to Test the Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination Monacolin K-Free on the Lipid and Inflammatory Profile of Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia

Background: Nutraceutical combinations (NCs) against hypercholesterolemia are increasing in the marketplace. However, the availability of NCs without monacolin K is scarce even though the statin-intolerant population needs it. Methods: This study is a parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. We evaluated the effects of the NC containing phytosterols, bergamot, olive fruits, and vitamin K₂ on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in 118 subjects (mean age ± SD, 57.9 ± 8.8 years; 49 men and 69 women) with hypercholesterolemia (mean total cholesterol ± SD, 227.4 ± 20.8 mg/dL) without clinical history of cardiovascular diseases. At baseline and 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, we evaluated lipid profile (total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides), safety (liver, kidney, and muscle parameters), and inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP, leukocytes, interleukin-32, and interleukin-38 and inflammatory-microRNAs (miRs) miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a. Results: Compared to the placebo, at 6 and 12 weeks, NC did not significantly reduce total cholesterol (p = 0.083), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.150), and triglycerides (p = 0.822). No changes were found in hs-CRP (p = 0.179), interleukin-32 (p = 0.587), interleukin-38 (p = 0.930), miR-21 (p = 0.275), miR-126 (p = 0.718), miR-146a (p = 0.206), myoglobin (p = 0.164), and creatine kinase (p = 0.376). Among the two reported, only one adverse event was probably related to the nutraceutical treatment. Conclusions: The evaluated nutraceutical combination did not change serum lipid profile and inflammatory parameters, at least not with the daily dose applied in the present study.     

Reliability of Self-Reported Health Service Use: Evidence from the Women with Co-occurring Disorders,and Violence Study

In behavioral health services research, self-reporting provides comprehensive information on service use, but may have limited reliability because of recall bias and misclassification. This study examines test–retest reliability of self-reported health service use, factors affecting reliability, and the impact of inconsistent reporting on the robustness of cost estimates using the test–retest data from the Women, Co-occurring Disorders, and Violence Study (n = 186). Reliability varies widely across service types: moderate to substantial (k = 0.65–0.94) for any use; slight to substantial (ICC = 0.12–0.93) for quantity of use; and none to moderate (k = −0.06–0.79) for service content, but is not affected by psychiatric symptom severity. Cost estimates do not differ according to the use of test or retest data. Findings suggest that self-reporting provides reliable data on service quantity and is adequate for economic evaluations. However, self-reporting of treatment content in highly specified service categories (e.g., individual counseling during residential treatment) may not be reliable.     

Health state preference scores for children with permanent childhood hearing loss: a comparative analysis of the QWB and HUI3

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare two preference-weighted, caregiver-reported measures of health-related quality of life for children with permanent childhood hearing loss to determine whether cost-effectiveness analysis applied to deaf and hard of hearing populations will provide similar answers based on the choice of instrument. METHODS: Caregivers of 103 children in Arkansas, USA, with documented hearing loss completed the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB) and the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) to describe the health status of their children. Audiology and other clinical measures were abstracted from medical records. Mean scores were compared overall and by degree of hearing loss. Linear regression was used to correlate preference scores with a four-frequency pure-tone average, cochlear implant status, and other factors. RESULTS: Mean preference scores for the QWB and HUI3 were similar (0.601 and 0.619, respectively) although the HUI3 demonstrated a wider range of values (-0.132 to 1.000) compared to the QWB (0.345-0.854) and was more sensitive to mild hearing loss. Both measures correlated with the pure-tone average, were negatively associated with comorbid conditions and positively associated with cochlear implant status. In the best fitting regression models, similar estimates for cochlear implant status and comorbid conditions were obtained from the two measures. CONCLUSIONS: Despite considerable differences in the HUI3 and the QWB scale, we found agreement between the two instruments at the mean, but clinically important differences across a number of measures. The two instruments are likely to yield different estimates of cost-effectiveness ratios, especially for interventions involving mild to moderate hearing loss.     

军队离退休干部保健对象医疗需求问卷信度和效度研究

目的研究基于顾客价值理论设计的＂军队离退休干部保健对象医疗需求调查问卷＂的信度和效度。方法随机抽取200名对象进行调查,信度包括重测信度、评定者间信度和内部一致性信度,效度包括内容效度、结构效度和效标关联效度。结果问卷的重测信度、评定者间信度良好,全卷折半信度为0.8834,克伦巴赫阿尔法系数0.9205,具有良好的内容效度,结构效度理想,效标效度满意。结论问卷信度良好,效度理想,值得推广应用。     

Pharmaceutical Companies as a Source of Health Information: A Pilot Study of the Effects of Source,Web Site Interactivity,and Involvement

While pharmaceutical companies provide abundant health and medical information on their Web sites, little is known about consumers' perceptions of pharmaceutical companies as a health information source and the impact of pharmaceutical Web sites on health-related attitudes and behaviors. Findings from this study suggest that a pharmaceutical company can be perceived to be just as credible as a government health agency, and that Web site interactivity and consumer involvement with online health information affect the persuasive effects of the pharmaceutical company's message. Implications for future research and for the role of pharmaceutical companies in health communication are discussed.