全胃切除后"不切断"Roux-en-Y食管空肠吻合法(附16例报告)

目的　防治Roux en Y滞留综合征的发生。　方法　对 16例全胃切除的患者施行“不切断”Roux en Y食管空肠吻合手术 :提起空肠与食管行侧端吻合 ,行空肠肠间Braun吻合以转流十二指肠液 ,以缝合器缝闭或以丝线结扎阻断空肠襻上升支 ,并行间断浆肌层缝合加固。另以同期行全胃切除Roux en Y食管空肠吻合术 16例为对照组。　结果术后出现Roux滞留综合征者 ,全胃切除“不切断”Roux en Y食管空肠吻合组仅 2例 ( 12 .5 % ) ,而对照组 6例 ( 37.5 % )。施行全胃切除“不切断”Roux en Y食管空肠吻合手术的患者术后VisickⅠ级 6例 ( 37.5 % ) ,VisickⅡ级 7例 ( 43.75 % ) ,VisickⅢ级 3例 ( 18.75 % ) ,而对照组术后VisickⅠ级 3例 ( 18.75 % ) ,VisickⅡ级 6例 ( 37.5 % ) ,VisickⅢ级 6例 ( 37.5 % ) ,VisickⅣ级 1例 ( 6.2 5 % )。　结论　“不切断”Roux en Y食管空肠吻合术可有效预防Roux滞留综合征的发生     

近端胃切除、胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的应用

目的 研究近端胃大部分切除术后行食管胃吻合、胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术对控制返流性食管炎的作用。方法 选择胃底贲门癌患者26例，随机分为实验组(14例)和对照组(12例)，实验组行近端胃切除术后，行食管残胃吻合和保留幽门的胃空肠：Roux-en-Y吻合术，对照组行近端胃切除术后，行食管残胃吻合术和幽门成形术。术后半年通过胃镜观察两组病例的食管胃吻合口的炎症反应，并行放射性核素标记胃排空检查，比较两组手术的效果及术后生存情况。结果 实验组术后胃肠道症状较对照组轻。放射性核素标记胃排空检查显示，实验组半量排空时间、10min后胃放射性核素残留率及60min后胃内残留率与健康人相似，而对照组则延长或增高。胃镜病理检查结果显示，实验组食管胃吻合口的炎症反应比对照组轻，两组术后5年生存率无差异。结论 胃底贲门癌行近端胃大部分切除术后行食管残胃吻合术 保留幽门的胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术与行食管残胃吻合术 幽门成形术相比，前者有降低返流性食管炎、减轻术后胃肠道症状的作用。     

食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合抗全胃切除术后反流的临床研究

探讨食管空肠Roux-e n-Y吻合对抗全胃切除术后食管-空肠吻合口(EJ A)反流的价值。全胃切除术胃癌患者55例随机分为研究组(28例,行食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合)和对照组(27例,行食管空肠传统袢式吻合)。术后随访1年,观察两组消化道症状;上消化道造影观察两组食管、空肠上段(EJA与空肠-空肠吻合口之间的肠段)排空情况;胃镜及病理检查食管、EJA炎症。术后研究组消化道症状较对照组轻;上消化道造影检查示研究组食管、空肠上段排空较对照组时间短;胃镜及病理检查结果示研究组食管、EJA炎症较对照组轻;手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期并发症、住院时间两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。全胃切除后食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合能明显降低术后EJA、食管反流,减轻消化道症状,提高术后生活质量。     

全腹腔镜Uncut Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合术

远端胃切除后消化道重建的方法很多,各有优劣。Uncut-Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合术保留了输入袢蠕动的连续性,可以减少术后滞留综合征、胆汁返流等不适。此手术完全在腹腔镜下完成,包括胃-空肠吻合、空肠空肠吻合(Braun’s吻合)及不切断的输入袢阻断。5例患者术后造影提示Uncut-Roux-en-Y吻合术后滞留综合征的发生减少。     

胃癌作全胃切除术后空肠袋状重建术

胃癌作全胃切除后用小肠代胃术式甚多,但术后进餐症状和营养状况不尽人意.日本大阪Kansai医科大学第二外科在1988年11月至1993年2月,对胃癌作全胃切除术后空肠代胃重建术式进行前瞻性随机对照研究,试从中选择最佳术式.病人和方法:30位年龄小于70岁在该院作根治性全胃切除术的胃癌患者,Ⅳ期病例除外,按随机化原则分3组,每组10人,计有Roux-en-Y食管空肠吻合组(RY)、空肠袋Roux-en-Y组(PR)和空肠袋及空肠间置组(PI).年龄、性别、病程分期、淋巴清除、器官联合切除和术后并发症三组无明显差异.RY重建:屈氏韧带下20cm切断空肠,结肠后提出,关闭肠腔与食管作端侧吻合,距断端40cm再与近端空肠作端侧吻合.PR重建:先作Hunt-Lawrence袋,空肠在屈氏韧带下切断,结肠后提出.距断端20cm处返折,食管与折顶处空肠行端侧吻合,折叠空肠在系膜对侧缘用自动线状吻合器作侧侧吻合,关闭残端并检查有无渗漏,最后距袋下缘20cm完成Roux吻合.PI重建空肠袋如PR一样,袋下20cm作空肠十二指肠端端吻合,屈氏韧带下20Cm完成Roux吻合.术后均禁食7天,静脉高价营养,进食前X线检查以防有漏.Ⅱ、Ⅲ期病人术后6～12月口服氟尿嘧啶类药,Ⅲ期患者另加MMC或ADM.观察12个月,在RY、PR和PI组无复发分别有8、9和6人.经血清肿瘤标记、内窥镜.CT和超     

腹腔镜下不切断空肠Roux-en-Y吻合在远端胃癌根治术中应用价值研究

目的探讨腹腔镜下不切断空肠Roux-en-Y(uncut Roux-en-Y)吻合在远端胃癌根治D1+或D2手术中应用的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2014年9月至2015年1月南京医科大学第一附属医院胃外科行腹腔镜下uncut Roux-en-Y吻合的18例病人的临床资料。结果 18例病人均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术。平均手术时间(164.8±23.1)min,吻合时间(31.4±7.1)min;术中平均出血量(19.1±9.0)m L;平均清扫淋巴结(37.0±8.5)枚。术后胃肠功能恢复时间(70.6±17.9)h,下床活动时间(46.2±17.3)h,进流食时间(4.9±0.8)d,术后平均住院(10.2±3.0)d;2例发生消化道出血并发症,均保守治愈,无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、Roux滞留综合征(Roux stasis syndrome,RSS)及切口感染并发症。结论腹腔镜下uncut Roux-en-Y吻合在远端胃癌根治手术中安全可行,具有创伤更小、恢复更快等优点。     

胃十二指肠吻合口异常肌电活动对胃排空的影响

目的 探讨胃十二指肠吻合口临近区域的肌电活动对胃排空功能的影响.方法 将32只SD大鼠分成两组,实验组（16只）行幽门切除加胃十二指肠吻合术,吻合口两侧植入电极,对照组（16只）行假手术并于幽门两侧植入电极.记录跨吻合口和幽门的肌电活动：用放射性核素法评估近端胃、远端胃排空功能.结果 术后1周,实验组和对照组胃慢波频率分别为（0.8±1.4）次/min和（3.3±1.2）次/min（P＜0.01）,十二指肠慢波频率分别为（2.1±0.6）次/min和（11.1±0.7）次/min（P＜0.01） 两组均未见跨越吻合口的慢波传导.术后12～16周,两组胃慢波频率分别为（8.7±0.6）次/min和（4.0±0.4）次/min（P＜0.01）,十二指肠慢波频率分别为（11.1±0.8）次/min和（10.8±0.7）次/min（P＞0.05） 实验组十二指肠的慢波通过吻合口向胃传导,亦可见到胃慢波通过吻合口向十二指肠的传导.术后12～16周,实验组和对照组平均近端胃半排空时间分别为14.7 min和13.6 min（P＞0.05）,平均胃内核素残留率分别为25.4%和39.4%（P＞0.05）：平均远端胃半排空时间分别为25.3 min和10.5 min（P＜0.01）,平均胃内核素残留率分别为46.4%和18.7%（P＜0.01）.结论 胃肠吻合口区域肌电活动异常是导致幽门切除术后胃排空延迟的重要原因之一.     

全胃切除Roux-en-Y食管空肠吻合术治疗胃癌23例

探讨Roux-en-Y食管空肠吻合在胃癌全胃切除术消化道重建中的应用。对2008年8月—2013年5月经病理确诊的23例胃癌患者行全胃切除Roux-en-Y食管空肠吻合术。23例手术均获成功,未发生吻合瘘、反流性食管炎、倾倒综合征等并发症;随访6个月~2年,未发现肿瘤复发和远处转移;术后经钡餐检查,口服钡剂30、60、120 min后分别有40%、60%、90%由代胃肠袢排出;Cuschieri分级Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级14例。胃癌全胃切除术后行Roux-en-Y食管空肠吻合能提高患者生存质量,减少并发症。     

大黄对慢传输型便秘大鼠结肠肌电影响的实验研究

目的　研究大黄对慢传输型便秘(STC)大鼠结肠肌电节律的影响。方法　利用复方苯乙哌啶建立大鼠慢传输型便秘模型,采用活性炭灌胃法测定首粒黑便时间及肠道传输功能,利用 BL 410生物机能实验系统测定大黄治疗前后STC大鼠结肠慢波频率、振幅等肌电生理活动变化。结果大黄组大鼠首粒黑便时间为(400±15)min,便秘大鼠首粒黑便时间为(600±24)min,两组之间差异显著(P<0.05),便秘频率减慢组大鼠经大黄治疗后结肠慢波频率明显加快,平均频率为(8.62±1.20)次/min,振幅降低,平均振幅(0. 33±0. 05) mV,频率变异系数为 16. 05%,振幅变异系数为10.58%。便秘频率加快组大鼠经大黄治疗后结肠慢波频率明显减慢,平均频率为(23.21±3.86)次/min,振幅强弱不等,平均振幅(0.19±0.03)mV,波形较不稳定,且出现基线位移,频率变异系数为10.38%,振幅变异系数为 12.48%。结论　慢传输型便秘大鼠结肠慢波存在节律紊乱,慢波频率及振幅异常可能是导致结肠传输减慢的重要因素。大黄可使便秘大鼠结肠异常的慢波频率和振幅恢复,这可能是大黄治疗便秘的主要机制之一。     

全胃切除术后两种不同消化道重建法对胃肠动力影响的比较

目的 探讨全胃切除术后两种常用的消化道重建术式对胃肠动力学与体重的影响进行了比较。方法50只雄性Sprague-Dawley鼠随机分成5组:对照组（C组）、剖腹组（L组,仅剖腹）,空肠切断吻合组（JT组,距Traiz韧带10cm处切断空肠,然后再吻合）。空肠间置组（JI组,全胃切除术后间置5cm空肠）。Roux-en-Y组（RY组,全胃切除术后行食管空肠Roux-en-Y重建术）。结果 术后6月RY组体重低于术前[（247.7±13.4）g　vs（29.0±12.0）g,P<0.01],而JI组体重较术前增加[（385.0±21.2）g vs（299.5±8.3）g,P<0.01]。RY组小肠转运速度为（24.8±10.3）cm/30min,而对照组为（54.67±6.7）cm/30min（P<0.01）,RY组小肠转运速度明显慢于对照组。JI组、L组以及JT组小肠转运速度与对照组相比,差别无显著性。结论 全胃切除术后采用空肠间置重建消化道的大鼠,在手术后6月时其胃肠动力和体重的变化均优于Roux-en-Y组。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.