老年膝关节镜手术采用超声引导股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉的临床效果及不良反应

目的研究分析老年膝关节镜手术采用超声引导股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉的临床效果及不良反应。方法选取2013年1月至2015年12月本院收治的行膝关节手术治疗的老年患者60例。麻醉医师根据麻醉方法不同将所有患者随机平分为D组(股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞)和L组(腰麻)。记录两组患者手术时间,麻醉前、注射麻醉药物后5、10、20、30分钟的收缩压、舒张压、心率;两组患者术后3、10、20小时的VAS评分。比较两组麻醉方式的感觉、运动阻滞起效时间和持续时间。结果 D组麻醉后10、20、30分钟的收缩压和舒张压显著高于L组,D组术中血压无较大的变化,比较稳定,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组在麻醉前、注射麻醉药物后5、10、20、30分钟的心率无显著差异,比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,D组术后10、20小时的VAS评分显著低于L组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);麻醉后感觉、运动阻滞方面,D组起效时间大于L组,而持续时间显著长于L组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年膝关节镜手术采用超声引导股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉的疗效显著,对患者术后早期功能练习具有促进作用,适合临床选择应用。     

老年髋部手术中神经阻滞麻醉方法应用效果

目的 探讨腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞在老年髋部手术中的临床应用效果。方法 纳入2019年1月至2022年1月本院接受髋部手术的老年患者50例,其中接受腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉的患者纳入观察组,接受蛛网膜下腔麻醉的患者纳入对照组,每组25例,比较两组患者围手术期不同时间点临床各项指标以及麻醉效果。结果 两组患者麻醉前、麻醉后15min及麻醉后30min的HR、SBP与DBP无明显差异（P>0.05）,但观察组患者的麻醉起效时间、感觉及运动阻滞持续时间均较对照组患者显著延长（P<0.05）,术后6h及12h的VAS疼痛评分明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 与蛛网膜下腔麻醉相比,腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉起效慢但持续时间更长,术后镇痛效果更好。     

下肢手术骶旁坐骨神经阻滞的效果

坐骨神经阻滞联合股神经或腰丛阻滞,可以提供下肢手术完善的麻醉和镇痛效果.在坐骨神经阻滞的不同入路(前路、后路和侧路)中、后路阻滞是最常使用的.     

神经刺激器定位腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞在老年人下肢手术的应用

目的探讨神经刺激器定位下行腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞在老年人下肢手术中的应用,以硬膜外麻醉作对照,观察其对老年病人血流动力学的影响和术后的不良反应。方法60例拟行单侧下肢手术的老年病人,随机分为腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞（NER）和硬膜外麻醉（EPI）。记录麻醉前,麻醉开始后15、30、45、60min,术后1h的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）,以及感觉、运动神经阻滞起效及恢复时间、镇痛维持时间、效果。结果麻醉开始后15min。EPI组病人DBP降低明显,随后30、45、60min及术后1hEPI组病人的SBP、DBP均明显低于NER组;NER组感觉、运动神经阻滞起效时间均小于EPI组,恢复时间明显长于EPI组。结论神经刺激器定位下行腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞,成功率高,血流动力学平稳,并发症少,起效迅速,镇痛时间长,是老年病人进行单侧下肢手术较好的麻醉方法。     

不同浓度罗比卡因腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞用于膝关节镜手术的比较

目的观察一定剂量的罗比卡因配成不同浓度溶液用于腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞在膝关节镜手术的麻醉效果比较.方法40例拟行单侧膝关节镜手术患者随机分为A、B两组,每组20例,均在神经刺激仪定位下行腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞,在腰丛神经和坐骨神经处均分别注入罗比卡因150 mg.A组将150 mg罗比卡因稀释到20 ml使用,即浓度为0.75%;B组稀释到30 ml,即浓度为0.5%.观察患者感觉和运动阻滞起效时间及维持时间,以及麻醉满意程度.结果两组患者感觉阻滞维持时间差异无显著性（P＞0.05）,感觉及运动阻滞起效时间A组比B组明显缩短（P＜0.05）,而运动阻滞维持时间A组明显延长（P＜0.05）,麻醉满意度B组明显优于A组（P＜0.05）.结论A组麻醉比B组起效快,但只运动阻滞时间明显延长,且麻醉满意度较差.所以在相同剂量的情况下,用0.5%的罗比卡因比用0.75%的罗比卡因行腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞更适合于膝关节镜手术.     

超声引导腰丛和坐骨神经阻滞中两种体位的比较

目的 比较俯卧位和侧卧位下超声引导腰丛和臀大肌下入路坐骨神经阻滞的效果.方法 择期下肢手术患者40例,随机分为侧卧位组和俯卧位组,在超声联合神经刺激器引导下行腰丛和臀大肌下入路坐骨神经阻滞.超声测量穿刺深度,记录实际穿刺深度,对比操作时间和调整穿刺方向次数,评价手术麻醉效果并记录术后并发症.结果 俯卧位组腰丛阻滞操作时间短于侧卧位组(P<0.01),但俯卧位下行坐骨神经阻滞时常需改变体位方能成功,两组阻滞效果差异无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位和侧卧位均可用于腰丛和坐骨神经阻滞,腰丛阻滞时俯卧位优于侧卧位,臀大肌下入路坐骨神经阻滞侧卧位优于俯卧位.     

超声引导下腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞联合丙泊酚在股骨粗隆间骨折手术中的应用

目的探讨腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞联合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于股骨粗隆间手术的临床效果。方法择期行单侧髋部手术患者40例,随机分为A组和B组各20例,A组行腰硬联合麻醉,B组行坐骨神经阻滞联合异丙酚静脉麻醉。记录患者麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后5 min(T1)、麻醉后30 min(T2)、术毕(T3) 2组的平均动脉压、心率,以及术后0、6、12、24 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,观察患者术后并发症发生情况。结果两组患者在早期(T0、T1)平均动脉压差异无统计学意义(P0.05),B组在T3、T4时间点的平均动脉压显著高于A组(P0.05),两组心率差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。B组患者在术后6、12、24 h的VAS评分显著低于A组(P0.05); B组患者恶心呕吐、尿潴留的发生率显著低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞联合异丙酚静脉麻醉对股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者的血流动力学影响小,不良反应小,术后镇痛时间长。     

腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞的临床应用

区域神经阻滞如果定位准确、麻醉效果确切,对患者有全身影响小和术后镇痛时间长等优点。近年在穿刺方法和临床应用方面有较大的改进,就腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞的应用解剖、神经定位方法特别是神经刺激器的使用、临床适应证、操作方法及术后镇痛进行了综述     

腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞用于老年患者下肢手术的临床研究

目的探讨腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞在老年患者下肢手术应用的可行性。方法40例60岁以上拟行单侧下肢手术的患者随机均分为两组。A组采用神经刺激器定位技术,正确定位腰丛和坐骨神经后分别给予0.375%罗哌卡因20～25ml和0.5%罗哌卡因15～20ml;B组选择L2～3或L3～4间隙行硬膜外麻醉,给予0.75%罗哌卡因10～15ml。观察两组血流动力学变化、阻滞效果及其不良反应。结果B组麻醉15min后各时点的SBP、DBP均明显低于麻醉前及A组(P<0.05或P<0.01);A组镇痛持续时间长于B组(P<0.05),但运动阻滞持续时间短于B组(P<0.05);B组术中使用麻黄碱的例数及输液量高于A组(P<0.05);B组患者围术期恶心、呕吐、尿潴留等不良反应的发生率明显高于A组(P<0.01)。结论腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞对血流动力学影响小,术后镇痛时间长,并发症少,适用于老年患者下肢手术。     

超声引导下外侧入路坐骨神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术后镇痛中的应用

目的研究超声引导下外侧入路坐骨神经阻滞在全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后镇痛中的应用情况,并与传统的后入路法比较,评价其临床应用价值。方法选择气管插管全麻下行单侧TKA手术患者60例,男22例,女38例,年龄60～85岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,所有患者术毕拔管送麻醉恢复室,在超声引导下行单次股神经联合坐骨神经阻滞镇痛,根据坐骨神经入路不同,随机分为2组(n=30):外侧入路组(L组),仰卧位下于转子下股骨干中上段外侧行坐骨神经阻滞镇痛;后入路组(P组),侧卧位下于坐骨结节和股骨大转子间行坐骨神经阻滞镇痛。记录坐骨神经阻滞操作完成时间、穿刺针深度、最低平均电流刺激的强度、穿刺成功率、坐骨神经感觉阻滞起效时间、持续时间和患者对操作满意度评分;收集术后36h内不同时点静息和活动时VAS评分及并发症的发生情况。结果L组操作完成时间明显短于P组(P0.05),进针深度明显浅于P组(P0.05),穿刺的成功率和患者满意度均明显高于P组(P0.05);两组术后不同时点静息和活动时VAS评分、术后镇痛药物使用情况和肌力差异无统计学意义。两组术后36h内均未见局部红肿、感染和神经损伤等麻醉相关并发症。结论与传统的转子间水平后入路法比较,超声联合神经电刺激针引导坐骨神经阻滞镇痛的外侧入路是一种更简单而安全有效的穿刺入路技术。     

Comparing the Effects of Single Shot Sciatic Nerve Block Versus Posterior Capsule Local Anesthetic Infiltration on Analgesia and Functional Outcome After Total Knee Arthroplasty : A Prospective,Randomized, Double-Blinded,Controlled Trial

Peripheral nerve blocks appear to provide effective analgesia for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Although the literature supports the use of femoral nerve block, addition of sciatic nerve block is controversial. In this study we investigated the value of sciatic nerve block and an alternative technique of posterior capsule local anesthetic infiltration analgesia. 100 patients were prospectively randomized into three groups. Group 1: sciatic nerve block; Group 2: posterior local anesthetic infiltration; Group 3: control. All patients received a femoral nerve block and spinal anesthesia. There were no differences in pain scores between groups. Sciatic nerve block provided a brief clinically insignificant opioid sparing effect. We conclude that sciatic nerve block and posterior local anesthetic infiltration do not provide significant analgesic benefits.     

超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻在高龄患者髋关节置换术的临床应用

目的观察超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻在老年髋关节置换术的临床应用效果。方法择期行单侧髋关节置换术的老年患者80例,男35例,女45例,年龄65~85岁,随机均分为全麻组(G组)和腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻组(N组)。G组行全凭静脉麻醉,N组在超声引导下实施腰丛、骶丛神经阻滞后行无肌松静脉麻醉,两组均采用喉罩通气。术中两组均维持BIS 45~55,记录术中舒芬太尼用量、术后拔管时间、下床活动时间和出院时间;记录术后2、4、8、24h疼痛VAS评分及术后24h静脉自控镇痛(PCA)药物用量,并记录术后30d死亡率,对术后认知功能障碍(POCD)和术后谵妄(POD)情况和术后心血管和肺部并发症进行评估。结果术后30d两组患者均无死亡。N组患者术中舒芬太尼的使用量、PCA药物用量明显少于,术后拔管时间、下床活动时间和出院时间均明显短于G组(P0.05);术后2、4、8和24h时N组VAS评分明显低于G组(P0.05);G组1例患者术后出现严重肺部感染,术后N组POCD、POD发生率明显低于G组(P0.05)。结论与全麻比较,超声引导下腰骶丛神经阻滞联合全麻应用于老年髋关节置换术,减少了术中阿片类药物的用量,术后早期镇痛效果更好,明显缩短了下床活动时间和出院时间,且降低了老年患者POCD和POD的发生率。     

Single-Injection Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Blocks for Pain Control After Total Knee Arthroplasty

This study was designed to evaluate the addition of a single-injection sciatic nerve block to a femoral nerve block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Fifty-seven patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were randomized to receive femoral nerve blockade or a sham block. A subsequent 31 patients received both femoral and sciatic nerve blocks (FSNBs) before general anesthesia. Intravenous morphine use and visual analog pain scale scores were recorded at regular intervals. Femoral and sciatic nerve blocks were placed in less than five minutes, on average. Lower visual analog pain scale scores were noted in both femoral nerve blockade and FSNB groups compared to shams through 48 hours. Morphine use was significantly lower in the FSNB group. Femoral and sciatic nerve block can be placed quickly and consistently in the operating room with improved postoperative pain relief and reduced narcotic consumption.     

颈臂丛联合神经阻滞麻醉应用于锁骨骨折手术中的临床体会

目的探讨颈臂丛联合神经阻滞麻醉应用锁骨骨折手术中的临床效果。方法选取锁骨骨折手术患者115例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用颈臂丛联合阻滞麻醉,对照组采用颈浅丛神经阻滞麻醉。观察2组麻醉效果的优良率、心率、平均动脉压、氧饱和度以及不良反应。结果 2组患者心率与平均动脉压比较差异具有统计学意义P<0.01,氧饱和度比较差异无统计学意义P>0.05。观察组麻醉优良率明显高于对照组,x2=7.9367,P<0.05。2组患者麻醉后不良反应发生率比较,x2=0.2413,P>0.05。结论颈臂丛联合阻滞是一种较好的麻醉方法,、效果理想、并发症少,适合锁骨骨折手术推广使用。     

Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block

Theoretically, sciatic nerve block can be used alone or in combination with lumbar plexus block or femoral nerve block for anesthesia and/or analgesia of lower limb surgery. However, clinical use of sciatic nerve block was limited by technical difficulties in performing the block since techniques used relies only on surface anatomical landmarks. Recent advances in ultrasound technology allow direct visualization of nerves and other surrounding structures and have increased the interest in performing many kinds of peripheral nerve blocks including sciatic nerve block. Preliminary data suggest that ultrasound-guided technique can help perform the sciatic nerve block more reliably and safely. In this article we describe the anatomy of the sciatic nerve, sonographic features, and technique of three major approaches including subgluteal, anterior, and popliteal approaches. The use of this technique for postoperative analgesia is also discussed.     

Posterior labat vs. lateral popliteal sciatic block: posterior sciatic block has quicker onset and shorter duration of anaesthesia

BACKGROUND: During foot and ankle surgery, a combination of a sciatic and femoral nerve block is a well-recognized technique for providing anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia. Our hypothesis is that the posterior gluteal sciatic block (PSB) is more efficient than the lateral popliteal sciatic block (LPSB), and this study compared the anaesthetic characteristics between these two techniques performed for elective ankle and foot surgery. METHODS: This retrospective database analysis reviewed the onset, duration of action, success rate and complications among 287 patients who were operated upon using sciatic block. PSB was performed in 149 patients and LPSB in 138 patients, all with the use of 30 ml of 5 mg/ml ropivacaine (150 mg). Results: In the PSB group, the time to perform the block was shorter than in the LPSB group (2.5 +/- 1 vs. 4.5 +/- 4 min, P < 0.001), as was the time to complete sensory block (13 +/- 13 vs. 23 +/- 26 min, respectively; P < 0.001). However, the duration of sensory block was longer in the LPSB group (1130 +/- 470 vs. 960 +/- 310 min, respectively; P < 0.006). CONCLUSION: PSB is easier to perform, and has a quicker onset of sensory blockade whereas LPSB has a longer duration of analgesia.     

Sciatic nerve block

In combination with a lumbar plexus, femoral, or saphenous nerve block, sciatic nerve blocks provide complete anesthesia and postoperative analgesia for lower-extremity surgery. Contrary to common belief, sciatic nerve blocks are relatively simple to perform and master. However, the deep location of the sciatic nerve mandates proper training and thorough knowledge of anatomy. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in sciatic nerve block techniques and several new and more reliable techniques have been described. This article provides an overview of the relevant anatomy, development in the field, and describes several common approaches to the sciatic nerve. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.     

改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张手术中的应用

目的观察改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张手术中的麻醉效果。方法选择择期行单侧大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术患者60例,男32例,女28例,年龄42~76岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将其分为改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞组(N组)和硬膜外阻滞组(E组),每组30例。N组先行腘窝坐骨神经阻滞,再在超声图像上确认髂筋膜和股神经位置,先行股神经阻滞,再在同一穿刺点从缝匠肌内侧缘开始,由外向内沿髂筋膜下给1%利多卡因10ml和0.5%罗哌卡因10ml,同时超声探头在腹股沟韧带水平向内移动,内侧达股动脉上方;E组采用L2~3间隙行硬膜外阻滞。记录两组阻滞前(T0)、阻滞后10min(T1)、30min(T2)、60min(T3)的SBP、DBP及HR;记录两组阻滞完成时间、感觉阻滞起效时间、术中麻黄碱使用情况、麻醉效果及术后48h恶心呕吐、头痛及尿潴留发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T2时E组的SBP和DBP明显降低(P0.05),T2时N组SBP和DBP明显高于E组(P0.05);N组感觉阻滞起效时间明显短于E组、术中麻黄碱使用率明显低于E组(P0.05);E组整体麻醉效果优于N组(P0.05),但两组麻醉效果优良率差异无统计学意义;术后48hN组尿潴留发生率明显低于E组(P0.05)。结论改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞用于单侧大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术中,麻醉效果良好,较硬膜外阻滞具有血流动力学影响小、术后并发症少及适应证更广等优点。