老年性白内障患者脂质过氧化反应的研究

目的 探讨脂质过氧化反应与老年性白内障的发病关系。方法 本文测定了３９例老年性白内障患者晶状体ＭＤＡ含量、ＳＯＤ活力;４８例血浆ＭＤＡ含量、红细胞ＳＯＤ活力,并以１２例正常人对照。结果 老年性白内障患者晶状体内ＭＤＡ含量高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,红细胞ＳＯＤ活力低于显著对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,机体脂质过氧化水平明显升高。结论 自由基引发的脂质过氧化水平明显升高。结论     

84例高脂血症患者血清SOD和MDA的变化

对８４例经血脂４项测定符合高脂血症的病例和７９例血脂正常，无主要器质性疾病的健康体查者为对照，行血清超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量测定，经统计学处理，将两组结果进行比较分析，表明高脂血症患者其ＳＯＤ活性与正常组比较有显著差异（Ｐ值≤０．０５），ＭＤＡ含量与正常组比较有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。说明高脂血症与血清ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量关系密切相关。测定高脂血症患者ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量对疾病的发展、预后和监测都有重要意义。     

兔晶体机械性创伤后超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的动…

对兔晶体机械性创伤后不同时间的ＳＯＤ活性和ＭＤＡ含量测定表明：创伤后第２１天内，实验组和对照组比较，ＳＯＤ活性显著性下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＭＤＡ含量显著性升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示：晶体创伤后自由基代谢异常和脂质过氧化作用增强，是眼外伤并发症的重要病理过程。     

干性角结膜炎患者外周血T细胞亚群的研究

用ＣＤ系列单克隆抗（ＭｃＡｂ）、间接免疫荧光法，检测了干性角结膜炎（ＫＣＳ）患者３８例和对照组正常人３５例的外周血Ｔ细胞亚群，结果发现ＫＣＳ组ＣＤ３和ＣＤ４细胞的百分数均低于对照组（分别为Ｐ〈０．００２和Ｐ〈０．０２），ＣＤ８细胞的百分数高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０２），ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８的比值低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。提示ＫＣＳ患者机体的免疫功能不正常，ＫＣＳ可能是一种病毒性眼病。     

大黄滴眼液对实验性电光性眼炎角膜超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化脂质的影响

观察了５％大黄滴眼液对实验性电光性眼炎角膜中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）的影响，并与１０％地卡因组对照。结果：在电弧光照射前应用大黄预防性滴眼，ＳＯＤ及ＬＰＯ与正常无明显差异（Ｐ均＞０．０５），照射后用大黄滴眼ＳＯＤ低于正常，ＬＰＯ高于正常（Ｐ均＜０．０５），但两项指标均明显优于对照组及地卡因组（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。提示大黄防治电光性眼炎与保护角膜中的ＳＯＤ清除自由基的活性有关。     

视网膜色素变性与血管内皮──血小板功能变化

对６５例视网膜色素变性（ＲＰ）患者和３３例正常人进行血浆血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、６－酮前列腺素Ｆ（１α）（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１α））、血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳｏＤ），全血谷脱甘肽过氧化物酶活性（ＧＳＨ－ｐＸ）等指标的测定，发现ＲＰ患者血浆ＴＸＢ２以及ＴＸＢ＿２和６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α比值Ｔ／Ｋ均较正常人升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）．６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＳＯＤ较正常人降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而ＭＤＡ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ无明显改变，表明ＲＰ患者病理过程中存在血管内皮──血小板功能改变以及自由基的损伤。但对ＳＯＤ与ＴＸＢ２、Ｔ／Ｋ比值、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α的相关分析表明，它们之间无相关性（Ｐ＞０．０５），表明ＲＰ患者虽有血管内皮──血小板功能紊乱，但非自由基损伤所致。     

兔眼晶体机械伤后谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量动态变化

兔眼晶体机械性损伤后不同时间测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，其结果表明：伤后８小时至２１天内，ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＭＤＡ含量则显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示晶体外伤后抗自由基及脂质过氧化作用降低，是导致ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性下降、ＭＤＡ含量升高和白内障形成的重要原因。     

正常大鼠视网膜脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力与年龄的相关研究

目的了解视网膜脂质过氧化（ｌｉｐｉｄｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ，ＬＰＯ）和抗氧化能力与年龄的关系。方法雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２２只，按５、１２、１８、２４个月龄分为４组，采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法与化学发光法检测不同月龄大鼠视网膜ＬＰＯ产物丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ，ＭＤＡ）含量和相当于超氧化物岐化酶（ｓｕ－ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ，ＳＯＤ）活性的抗氧化能力。结果大鼠视网膜ＭＤＡ含量：５、１２、１８、２４月龄时分别为０．１８±０．０６、０．１６±０．０６、０．３８±０．１１、０．４９±０．０９ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白（Ｆ检验，Ｐ＜０．０１）；大鼠视网膜ＳＯＤ活性：５、１２、１８、２４月龄时分别为０．９９±０．３０、２．４８±０．５６、０．７０±０．３５、０．８５±０．５７Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白（ＷＴＢＸ〗Ｆ检验，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论大鼠视网膜ＭＤＡ含量和相当于ＳＯＤ活性的抗氧化能力随年龄增加分别呈升高或下降的趋势，提示老龄视网膜ＬＰＯ增强可能是抗氧化能力下降与长期慢性光化学损伤累积作用的共同结果。     

红细胞膜磷脂及过氧化脂质变化与糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的探讨糖尿病患者红细胞膜磷脂成分和过氧化脂质（ｌｉｐｉｄｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ,ＬＰＯ）水平的改变与糖尿病视网膜病变的关系。方法对４４例糖尿病视网膜病变患者、２０例糖尿病无视网膜病变患者及３０例正常人的血脂、糖化血红蛋白（ｇｌｙｃｏｓｙｌａｔｅｄｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ,ＨｂＡ１ｃ）、红细胞膜磷脂成分、ＬＰＯ及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ,ＧＳＨＰＸ）活性等进行检测及分析。结果糖尿病患者红细胞膜磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰胆碱、神经鞘磷脂、红细胞ＳＯＤ及ＧＳＨＰＸ活性均显著低于对照组;溶血磷脂酰胆碱、ＬＰＯ、甘油三脂、胆固醇及ＨｂＡ１ｃ则显著高于对照组,这些改变在糖尿病视网膜病变患者更为明显。结论糖尿病患者红细胞膜脂质过氧化、膜脂质成分改变是糖尿病视网膜病变的病理基础之一     

氧自由基在实验性角膜炎中的作用

目的探讨氧自由基在角膜炎症过程中的作用。方法将新西兰白兔用脂多糖介导建立动物角膜炎模型,分别用化学发光法和硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定角膜组织超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒ－ｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＳＯＤ）活力和丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）水平的变化,观察其临床和病理变化。结果炎症组角膜ＳＯＤ活力明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）,ＭＤＡ水平高于对照组（Ｐ＝０．００１）,炎症组角膜ＭＤＡ水平的升高发生于ＳＯＤ活力下降之后。角膜炎症状的轻重程度与角膜ＳＯＤ的活力呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５４,Ｐ＜０．００１）,与角膜ＭＤＡ水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７３４,Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论氧自由基在角膜炎症过程中起着重要作用,并可能通过生物膜中多聚不饱和脂肪酸产生脂质过氧化而损害角膜。     

湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者血浆中相关抗氧化酶水平测定

目的观察湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)患者血浆中谷胱甘肽转硫酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平,探讨氧化损伤参与AMD发生的可能机制。方法收集2009年3月至2010年12月在西京医院临床确诊的湿性AMD患者73例(AMD组)的临床资料,非AMD患者68例作为对照组,两组间分别进行全身性以及相关危险因素的统计学比较,同时抽取受试者静脉血,采用分光光度计测定法测定血浆中的GST、GSH-Px和SOD的水平。结果 AMD组和对照组之间,年龄和性别差异均无统计学意义(t=8.025、7.465,均为P>0.05)。患病危险因素分析中,吸烟、饮酒以及高血压差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。AMD组GST浓度(76.96U·L-1)显著高于对照组(62.74U·L-1;Z=-2.082,P=0.037),而GSH-Px浓度(61.38mg·L-1)低于对照组(81.33mg·L-1;Z=-2.900,P=0.004);AMD组和对照组的SOD浓度分别为64.47U·L-1和62.53U·L-1,两组间SOD水平差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.090,P=0.725)。结论 AMD患者血浆中GST浓度升高、GSH-Px浓度降低,二者可能通过氧化应激参与了AMD的发病。     

老年性白内障超氧化物歧化酶脂质过氧化物的研究

测定22例老年性白内障患者血清内及房水内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和脂质过氧化物（LPO），结果老年性白内障患者血清及房水中SOD，活性较正常对照组明显下降，而LPO明显高于正常对照组。分析了SOD含量减少、LPO含量增多对老年性白内障的发生、发展的影响，认为老年性白内障形成与机体抗氧化能力下降有关，提出了提高机体SOD的含量在预防及治疗白内障中的作用。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与年龄相关性黄斑变性中医证型的关系研究

目的:研究血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及相关因素在年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)各中医证型中的变化及意义,观察Hcy是否为中国人群AMD发病的危险因素。方法:采集52例AMD患者的血液样本,并以19例正常健康者作对照,酶联免疫法测定空腹血浆Hcy水平,同时检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、血脂等生化指标水平。分析Hcy等指标与AMD中医证型的关系及相关因素对Hcy的影响,寻找AMD发病的危险因素。结果:Hcy水平在痰凝瘀滞型组、肝肾亏虚型组均高于对照组(P<0.05),三证型组间比较无差异。Hcy与SOD水平呈负相关。SOD水平在痰凝瘀滞型组、肝肾亏虚型组均低于对照组及痰湿蕴结型组。MDA,TC,LDL-C水平在各证型组的均不同程度升高(P>0.05),TC水平在痰凝瘀滞型组、肝肾亏虚型组高于对照组(P<0.05);HDL-C水平组间比较无差异。结论:高Hcy可能通过多种致病途径在痰凝瘀滞型与肝肾亏虚型AMD中发挥作用,但未发现是AMD发病的高风险因素;高TC,LDL-C可能是痰浊蕴结型AMD辨证和病程进展的微观指标;高TC,TG,LDL-C可能是痰凝瘀滞型、肝肾亏虚型AMD的生化物质基础;SOD水平减少、MDA生成增多可能为AMD发生发展的提供了病理基础。     

老年黄斑变性的视网膜色素上皮及其视功能的改变

目的：应用黄斑区密集点矩阵视野并结合眼底荧光血管造影电脑眼底图像分析老年黄斑变性视网膜色素上皮损害与ＤＭＭＭ的视野光敏感度的改变，找出改变的规律有评价其应用价值。方法：用Ｈｕｍｐｈｒｅｙ－６４０视野计自行设计ＤＭＭＭ检测ＡＭＤ干性组５１人６４只眼湿性且２３人２７只眼，用Ｚｅｉｓｓ公司生产的ＫＯＮＴＲＯＮＥＬＥＫＴＲＯＮＩＫ Ｉｎａｇｅ Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ Ｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ－计算机图像分析仪总丢失量显     

糖尿病视网膜病变与血脂,脂质过氧化的关系

目的:观察和探讨糖尿病视网膜病变与脂质代谢和脂质过氧化反应的关系。方法:对30名早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者与24名健康人空腹血清中甘油三脂(TC),总胆固醇(TG),高密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(HDL—C),低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(LDL—C),过氧化物歧化酶SOD)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量进行了检测。结果:发现患者组中TC、TG、LDL—C与LPO均明显高于对照组,而HDL—C与SOD都低于健康对照组。结论:糖尿病引起的脂质代谢紊乱和脂质过氧化反应的增强可能是促进视网病变的危险因素之一。眼科学报1998;14:100—102。     

白内障患者血液学指标与年龄关系的临床研究

目的：明确白内障患者血液学指标与患者年龄的关系,以期为此类患者的诊疗提供参考。方法纳入2013年1月至2015年12月我院收治的白内障患者。依据年龄将患者分为观察组（≥70岁）及对照组（＜70岁）。检测两组外周血相关指标,并分析与年龄的关系。结果共纳入观察组42例,对照组35例。观察组患者血超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平显著低于对照组（ t ＝3．153, P ＝0.002）。观察组过氧化脂质（LPO）（ t ＝2．530, P ＝0.014）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）（ t ＝7．544, P ＜0.01）及丙二醛（MDA）（ t ＝2．329, P ＝0.023）水平均显著高于对照组。观察组患者血SOD与年龄呈现显著负相关（ r ＝－0.935, P ＜0.01）;观察组LPO（ r ＝0.955, P ＜0.01）、VEGF（ r ＝871, P ＜0.01）及MDA（ r ＝0.951, P ＜0.01）水平与年龄均呈现显著正相关。结论白内障患者的年龄与外周血氧化应激水平明显相关,抗衰老、抗氧化治疗有望成为辅助治疗白内障的途径。     

Different plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide between patients with choroidal and retinal neovascularization

Because the blood flow is much more intense in the choroid than in the retina, it is interesting to explore whether choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is more influenced by plasma angiogenic factors than retinal neovascularization. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma profiles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) in patients with CNV due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and in those with retinal neovascularization due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Seventy-seven subjects with AMD, 22 with PDR, and 42 nondiabetic, non-AMD controls were enrolled in this comparative case series. AMD subjects were classified into three groups: dry type (dry AMD, n = 17), wet type with active CNV (CNV/AMD, n = 42), and disciform scar due to advanced wet AMD (scar/AMD, n = 18). Plasma VEGF and NO levels of each subject were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence, respectively. Plasma VEGF level in CNV/AMD (median 256.0 pg/ml, interquartile range 146.4-375.3 pg/ml) was significantly higher than in PDR (124.8 pg/ml, 75.7-215.3 pg/ml; p = 0.004) and controls (120.3 pg/ml, 82.8-168.2 pg/ml, p =0.001). CNV/AMD also had the highest VEGF level among the AMD subgroups. Plasma NO level was significantly elevated in PDR (137.4 microM, 63.7-240.1 microM) when compared with CNV/AMD (71.8 microM, 42.4-113.3 microM; p = 0.004) and controls (62.6 microM, 39.0-114.9 microM; p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in NO levels among the AMD subgroups. No significant correlation between VEGF and NO levels was noted. These findings indicate that both circulating VEGF and NO may play different roles in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization and CNV.     

Quality of life evaluation of age-related macular degeneration

PURPOSE: To evaluate quality of life (QOL) characteristics and ophthalmic factors influencing QOL in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 80 patients with AMD. An eye-disease specific QOL questionnaire, The 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25), was administered. Results were compared with those of glaucoma or cataract patients and those of individuals without eye diseases. The VFQ-25 score was assessed according to visual acuity, absolute scotoma size, and disease type. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate ophthalmic factors influencing the QOL score. RESULTS: VFQ-25 scores were significantly lower in AMD patients than in all other groups. Scores of patients with visual acuity less than 0.1, with large absolute central scotoma, and bilateral exudative AMD were lower, for several items, than those of patients with visual acuity of 0.4 or more, those of patients without absolute scotoma, and those of bilateral atrophic AMD patients, respectively. Visual acuity and absolute central scotoma size influenced social functioning and mental health. The exudative form influenced mental health and critical print size influenced dependency. CONCLUSION: The VFQ-25-assessed QOL of AMD patients was lower than that of glaucoma or cataract patients. Visual acuity, absolute central scotoma and the existence of exudative AMD influenced the QOL in AMD patients.     

Does smoking influence the type of age related macular degeneration causing visual impairment?

AIMS: To assess the influence of smoking on the type of age related macular degeneration (AMD) lesion causing visual impairment in a large cohort of patients with AMD at a tertiary referral UK centre. METHODS: Prospective, observational, cross sectional study to analyse smoking data on 711 subjects, of western European origin, in relation to the type of AMD lesion present. Colour fundus photographs were graded according to a modified version of the international classification. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age and sex using the statistical package SPSS ver 9.0 for Windows. chi(2) tests were also used to assess pack year and ex-smoker data. RESULTS: 578 subjects were graded with neovascular AMD and 133 with non-neovascular AMD. There was no statistically significant association found between smoking status or increasing number of pack years and type of AMD lesion. The odds of "current smokers" compared to "non-smokers" developing neovascular rather than non-neovascular AMD when adjusted for age and sex was 1.88 (95% CI: 0.91 to 3.89; p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is known to be a risk factor for AMD and this study suggests that smokers are at no more risk of developing neovascular than atrophic lesions.     

The vitreomacular interface in different types of age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To evaluate the vitreomacular interface in cases with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to compare them to eyes with dry AMD and normal eyes. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional comparative study that included 87 eyes with wet AMD, 42 eyes with dry AMD and 40 eyes without AMD as a control group. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed for all patients to assess the vitreomacular interface. RESULTS: In the wet AMD group, 34.5% of cases had vitreomacular adhesion (VMA). Only 14.3% of dry AMD cases and 10% of control cases had VMA. There was a significant difference between the control group and the wet AMD group (P=0.004) as well as the dry and wet AMD group (P=0.017). There was also a significant difference between the incidence of VMA in patients with subretinal choroidal neovascularization (CNV, type 1) and intraretinal CNV (type 2 or type 3) (P=0.020). CONCLUSION: There is an association between posterior vitreous attachment and AMD. There is also an increased incidence of VMA with intra-retinal CNV.