内源性眼内炎10年临床回顾性分析

目的分析内源性眼内炎的致病菌、全身易发因素及治疗结果。方法回顾40例（50眼）内源性眼内炎患者全身及眼部情况、玻璃体涂片或培养结果、治疗方法及视力预后。结果40例患者中，39例进行血或玻璃体液涂片、培养，阳性30例（77．5％），其中细菌12例（40％），真菌17（57％）例，1例为细菌和真菌的混合感染。29例（70％）存在全身易感因素，其中最常见为外科手术后。30眼接受玻璃体切割手术，24眼（80％）获得手动以上视力，其中9眼（30％）术后视力达0．1以上。结论内源性眼内炎的致病菌以真菌多见，大部分患者存在全身易感因素；玻璃体手术可挽救大部分患者的视力。     

玻璃体切割治疗细菌性眼内炎的疗效观察

目的评估玻璃体切割治疗细菌性眼内炎的临床效果。方法收治22例细菌性眼内炎，抽吸前房水及玻璃体培养发现，常见的致病菌为葡萄球菌及枯草杆菌，采用玻璃体切割联合注药治疗眼内感染。结果治愈率为68％，总有效率为86％，3例丧失光感，占14％。结论玻璃体切割联合眼内注药是目前治疗眼内感染较为理想的方法。     

30例合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的临床分析

目的：为探讨合并脉络膜脱离（简称脉脱）的孔源性视网膜脱离（简称网脱）的临床特征及诊治方法。方法：对３０只合并脉脱的网脱眼的临床表现及诊治方法进行分析。结果：３０只患眼中，９０％具有低眼压，６０％有晶体晃动，５０％有虹膜震颤，１００％有房水闪光，增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（简称ＰＶＲ），脉络膜睫状体脱离，经常规电凝，巩膜环扎，硅胶外加压并加玻璃体注气术后，７０％网膜复位，２０％好转，１０％失败。结论：当     

玻璃体手术对内源性眼内炎的诊断及治疗

目的分析玻璃体手术对内源性眼内炎的诊断及治疗作用。方法对22例内源性眼内炎患者的诊断治疗进行回顾性分析，随访视力及预后情况。结果22 例患者中，21例进行血或玻璃体液涂片、培养，阳性率18例，占86％，其中细菌6例，真菌11例，1例为混合感染。16例有完整随访资料患者中，玻璃体手术成功13例，占81.3％，其中6例获得功能成功。结论玻璃体手术可以提高内源性眼内炎患者病源菌培养阳性率和视力预后。(中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:142-144)     

30例合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的临床分析

目的：为探讨合并脉络膜脱离（简称脉脱）的孔源性视网膜脱离（简称网脱）的临床特征及诊治方法。方法：对３０只合并脉脱的网脱眼的临床表现及诊治方法进行分析。结果：３０只患眼中，９０％具有低眼压，６０％有晶体晃动，５０％有虹膜震颤，１００％有房水闪光、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（简称ＰＶＲ）、脉络膜睫状体脱离。经常规电凝、巩膜环扎、硅胶外加压并加玻璃体注气术后，７０％网膜完全复位，２０％好转，１０％失败。结论：当网脱患者出现眼压极低、晶体晃动、虹膜震颤、瞳孔不易散大且伴有明显的虹睫炎和ＰＶＲ时，首先应考虑是否合并有脉脱的可能。在手术时充分排除脉络膜上腔液并往玻璃体注入消毒空气可提高手术的成功率。     

显微玻璃体视网膜手术治疗复杂性眼外伤的临床观察

目的：评价显微玻璃体视网膜手术对复杂性眼外伤的治疗价值和效果。方法：复习连续的５８例（５８眼）采用玻璃体切割术等技术治疗的复杂性上伤患者的临床资料。结果：出院时,治愈率为７９．３％。其中４３例随访３￣２０月,平均１４．８月。欠随访时,痊愈３５眼,视力〉０．０２者２４眼（５５．８％）,其中视力≥０．１者１４眼（３０．２％）,最佳矫正视力达０．８。结论：玻璃体切割等技术是目前治疗复杂性上伤病变最有效的     

白体浓缩白血小板在黄斑裂孔手术中的应用

为探寻增视的黄斑裂孔封闭方法，对黄斑裂孔４３眼，玻璃体切除术后采用自体浓缩血小板封孔２０－３０％ＳＦ６注入。结果术后视力〉０．１者：者发性黄斑裂孔为１００％，外伤性黄斑裂孔为８３．３％，黄斑裂孔视网膜脱郭为４１．２％。     

玻璃体切割术治疗视网膜静脉周围炎伴玻璃体出血

目的：评价玻璃体切割术治疗视网膜静脉周围炎伴玻璃体出血的疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院自1999年3月至2002年9月经玻璃体切割术治疗的视网膜静脉周围炎伴玻璃体出血患者13例18只眼的临床资料。结果：随访期为7个月～4年，平均23个月。18只眼视网膜均在位，16只眼(88.9％)视力较术前有不同程度的提高，其中视力≥0.3者11只眼(71％)，最好视力为1.0。术后玻璃体再出血2例，经药物治疗后出血吸收。无新生血管性青光眼发生。结论：玻璃体切割术是治疗视网膜静脉周围炎伴玻璃体出血的有效方法，可明显改善患者视力；结合术中及术后激光光凝治疗，可有效预防玻璃体再出血及新生血管性青光眼等并发症的发生。     

室温下玻璃体手术治疗眼外伤临床分析

作者报告５４例室温下玻璃体手术治疗眼外伤的结果。出院时治愈病例４５例（８３．３％），未治愈病例９例（１６．７％）。在保持随访的３７例中，治愈病例３０例（８１．１％），未治愈病例７例（１８．９％）。术后并发症包括屈光间质再混浊、出血、增殖和炎症。室温下玻璃体手术可能诱发这些并发症。彻底切除玻璃体联合巩膜环扎术可以减少术后发生视网膜脱离。选择适当时机手术可以促使手术成功。     

儿童眼外伤的玻璃体切割手术

为探讨玻璃体切割术在治疗儿童眼外伤中的作用和效果，对３１例（３１眼）年龄１２岁以下儿童眼后节外伤行玻璃体切割手术的效果进行了回顾性分析。３１眼中６眼为单纯玻璃体切割，其余联合巩膜环扎、外加压、或气液交换或ＳＦ６硅油内充填，其中１５眼联合晶体切割。结果：２２眼（７０．９７％）手术成功，其中锐器伤成功率为８０％，钝伤５０％，爆炸伤７１％，眼内炎７５％；外伤性视网膜脱离９眼，手术复位率３３．３３％；晶体切割眼手术成功率６６．６７％。结论：玻璃体切割术对儿童眼外伤具有重要治疗价值；外伤性视网膜脱离是眼外伤手术失败的主要原因；晶体切割可能是评估眼外伤玻璃体切割手术预后的指标之一。     

Anaerobic bacterial endophthalmitis in the rabbit

Anaerobic bacterial endophthalmitis was studied in rabbits following intravitreal injection of live Fusobacterium necrophorum. Clinical response, bacterial recovery, and histopathology were studied. An inoculum of approximately 50 organisms produced endophthalmitis in 59% of injected eyes, while 1000 or more organisms produced endophthalmitis in 100% of injected eyes. The course and severity of disease seemed to be independent of the concentration of bacteria above a minimal inoculum size. Affected eyes showed progressive endophthalmitis. Histopathologic changes corresponded to the clinical gradation of endophthalmitis, including progressive retinal necrosis.     

Topical 0.5% moxifloxacin prevents endophthalmitis in an intravitreal injection rabbit model.

INTRODUCTION: Intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinal disease have increased the risk of endophthalmitis. We developed a rabbit model to investigate whether topical 0.5% moxifloxacin could prevent endophthalmitis after an intravitreal injection. METHODS: A rabbit model of intravitreal injection to produce endophthalmitis was developed by injecting triamcinolone into the vitreous through a depot of subconjunctival Staphylococcus aureus (10(7) cfu). Endophthalmitis was evaluated clinically and confirmed by culture. The model was tested with a commercially available brand of topical 0.5% moxifloxacin (N = 10) and saline (N = 10). In brief, after bacterial subconjunctival challenge, a topical treatment was administered every 15 min for 1 h. Immediately thereafter, triamcinolone was injected into the vitreous through the treated bacterial depot. Topical 0.5% moxifloxacin and saline were administered QID over the next 72 h. All rabbits were examined daily, euthanized, and tested for viable bacteria when clinical signs of endophthalmitis were observed. RESULTS: Anti-infective treatment with topical 0.5% moxifloxacin prevented the development of endophthalmitis (0/9 rabbits), compared to topical saline (6/10 rabbits; P = 0.01; power = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Topical 0.5% moxifloxacin provided effective prophylaxis to prevent endophthalmitis after an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone. This unique model may prove valuable to demonstrate prophylaxis for other anti-infectives at an intravitreal injection site.     

盐酸万古霉素综合方案治疗眼内炎

目的：探讨盐酸万古霉素综合方案治疗眼内炎的临床疗效和并发症。 方法：收集我院2009-07/2011-08眼内炎住院患者27例27眼,采用盐酸万古霉素综合治疗方案进行治疗。所有患者取玻璃体做细菌培养和药敏试验。采用玻璃体腔内注射盐酸万古霉素,全身使用盐酸万古霉素联合左旋氧氟沙星。炎症无明显好转者,2~4d后行玻璃体切割术,术中使用含盐酸万古霉素的灌注液。术后观察视力、眼压、前房和玻璃体混浊情况。对术后最佳矫正视力和眼压进行统计学分析。 结果：患者27例眼内炎均治愈,视力均有提高。细菌培养检出率56%。革兰氏阳性菌占67%,对盐酸万古霉素敏感。革兰氏阴性菌对氧氟沙星较敏感。8例患者经过静脉滴注及玻璃体腔内注药后眼内炎症控制,19例行玻璃体切割手术。术后最佳矫正视力提高。临床症状体征好转。 结论：早期细菌培养对眼内炎的治疗有重要意义。盐酸万古霉素综合治疗方案能有效治疗眼内炎。     

127例外源性化脓性眼内炎病原体及药敏试验结果分析

目的：分析外源性化脓性眼内炎病原体及其对药物敏感性的变迁，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：对127例(127眼)经临床诊断为化脓性眼内炎的前房水或玻璃体液标本进行涂片检查、细菌培养、真菌培养，对细菌培养阳性菌株进行药物敏感试验，然后对培养结果及药物敏感试验结果进行统计分析。结果：外源性化脓性眼内炎涂片阳性率为22．05％，细菌及真菌培养阳性率为42．52％。其主要致病菌为表皮葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌及铜绿假单孢杆菌。大多数细菌对环丙沙星敏感，对氯霉素、利福平、头孢唑琳耐药。结论：对化脓性眼内炎患者的前房水或玻璃体液进行涂片、培养及药物敏感试验有助于明确眼内炎的性质及指导临床用药的选择。     

外伤性眼内炎122例临床分析研究

目的 分析探讨外伤性眼内炎病原体的变化及治疗效果.方法 对2008年7月至2009年12月在我院就诊的122例126眼外伤性眼内炎的临床特点、外伤性质、病原体及治疗效果进行分析.结果 在外伤性眼内炎中,以细菌感染为主,真菌和混合性感染明显增加,玻璃体切除手术联合硅油注入及玻璃体腔注药后炎症得到控制,视力得到不同程度的提高,眼球摘除9眼.结论 外伤性眼内炎中真菌的比例明显增加,细菌的药物敏感性明显下降,玻璃体切除手术联合硅油填允及玻璃体腔注药术是治疗不同病原体引起的眼内炎的有效方法.     

影响外源性眼内炎患者眼内液细菌培养阳性率的相关因素与药敏分析

目的 探究外源性感染性眼内炎患者眼内液中细菌培养阳性率的影响因素、病原菌构成及耐药情况,为外源性眼内炎提供有效的诊疗依据,指导临床合理用药。方法 回顾性收集并分析2011年5月至2021年5月在浙江省人民医院确诊、治疗且随访4～6个月的外源性感染性眼内炎患者的眼内液标本,共收集69眼的105例标本。记录性别、年龄、病程、发病季节、病因、入院视力、标本来源、手术次数、眼内异物状态、玻璃体内抗生素注射史、全身抗生素使用史、基础疾病等,并用二元logistic回归模型对细菌培养阳性率的相关影响因素进行分析。对获取的细菌培养及药敏试验结果进行统计分析。结果 培养阳性者眼内液标本种类、眼内异物状态、内眼手术后眼内炎、玻璃体内抗生素注射史、全身抗生素使用史的患者比例均高于培养阴性者(均为P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,玻璃体内标本(P<0.001)、眼内异物状态(P=0.020)、玻璃体内抗生素注射史(P=0.007)是眼内液细菌培养阳性的相关影响因素。36株外源性眼内炎致病菌中,革兰阳性菌占75.0%(27株),其中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌占66.7%(18株)。未检...     

Bacterial contamination of ocular surface and needles in patients undergoing intravitreal injections

PURPOSE: To evaluate potential sources of bacterial contamination during intravitreal (IVT) injection procedures. METHODS: Patients scheduled for IVT injection were asked to enroll in the study at the California Vitreoretinal Center (Menlo Park, CA) and the Vantage Eye Center (Salinas, CA) between October 2004 and April 2005. A total of 104 patients participated in the study, with a total of 118 IVT injection procedures performed on 107 eyes. Standard microbiological techniques were used to culture, identify, and quantify bacterial contamination of injection needles and the bulbar conjunctiva at the injection site in patients undergoing IVT injections. The main outcomes measured were type and quantity of bacterial isolates. RESULTS: Two (2%) of 114 needles collected were contaminated with bacteria. The prevalence of bacterial contamination of the injection site on the bulbar conjunctiva was 43% before prophylaxis on the day of the injection with topical antibiotics and povidone-iodine, with a statistically significant reduction to 13% after prophylaxis (P < 0.0001). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, the most common bacterium isolated from the ocular surface, was isolated from both culture-positive needles. CONCLUSIONS: IVT injection needles became contaminated with bacteria during the injection procedure. Although the contamination rate was low, this supports a mechanism of postinjection endophthalmitis in which there is direct inoculation of ocular surface flora into the vitreous cavity by the injection needle.     

Infectious and presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection

PURPOSE: To report potentially distinguishing characteristics between bacterial endophthalmitis and presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. METHODS: Records of two patients with culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis and six patients with presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis from intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Two eyes in two patients with culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis had decreased vision and hypopyon or vitritis, but no pain or conjunctival injection 2 weeks after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Seven eyes in six patients with presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis had blurred vision, hypopyon, and variable pain all within 2 days of intravitreal triamcinolone injection. All seven eyes were followed up closely and had rapid resolution of hypopyon and symptoms. CONCLUSION: Bacterial endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection may present in an atypical, relatively delayed manner with decreased vision but no pain or redness. Presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis presents within 2 days after the injection, may be accompanied by discomfort, and has a hypopyon that may be the triamcinolone material itself or a sterile inflammatory reaction. In these eyes, the hypopyon and symptoms quickly resolve without treatment.     

外伤性眼内炎不同处理方法的疗效分析

目的：探讨外伤性眼内炎不同处理方法的临床效果。方法：回顾性系列病例研究。选择沧州市中心医院2010年11月至2016年7月收治的外伤性眼内炎患者73例（73眼）,其中41眼急诊行玻璃体切割术,32 眼急诊单纯行玻璃体腔注药术。玻璃体切割手术者中21 眼硅油填充,9 眼20% C3F8 填充,11 眼行单纯玻璃体切割术,玻璃体切割手术开始时及玻璃体腔注药前均抽取玻璃体液送细菌培养及药敏试验,真菌培养及药敏试验。结果：患者随访6～24 个月,行硅油填充术后2 眼眼球萎缩,玻璃体腔注药效果不佳改玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术者中1眼最终眼球萎缩,除这3眼外,其余患者眼内炎症均得到控制。眼内取材培养阳性的患者共58 眼,其中混合感染5 眼。共培养致病菌63 株。致病菌谱的构成中,革兰氏阳性菌（62%）所占比例最大,其次为真菌（21%）和革兰氏阴性菌（18%）。从具体菌种看,表皮葡萄球菌为最常见的致病菌（25%）,然后依次是曲霉菌（14%）和金黄色葡萄球菌（11%）。结论：对于外伤性眼内炎,一旦确诊,需根据病情即刻采取治疗措施,其中玻璃体切割术以及玻璃体腔注药术均为有效的治疗措施。