穿透性角膜移植术后抗角膜内皮抗原抗体的检测

目的研究穿透性角膜移植术（ｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｉｎｇｋｅｒａｔｏｐｌａｓｔｙ，ＰＫＰ）后宿主体内免疫应答和移植排斥反应体液免疫的效应物质。方法对两组猴行５．０→５．５ｍｍ穿透性角膜移植术，异种组（人→猴）４只，同种组（猴→猴）４只。对Ｎｅｌｋｅｎ方法进行改良，首次制备出角膜内皮和基质两种抗原。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法从宿主猴血清及房水中检测出抗角膜内皮抗原抗体。结果ＰＫＰ后宿主猴血清中抗角膜基质抗原抗体升高不显著，抗角膜内皮抗原抗体升高显著。结论ＰＫＰ后宿主体内可以发生体液免疫应答，抗角膜内皮抗原抗体是其效应物质。     

5—氟尿嘧啶高分子缓释剂在兔眼滤过术后抗瘢痕形成的研究

目的研究５－氟尿嘧啶（５－ｆｌｕｏｒｏｕｒａｃｉｌ，５－Ｆｕ）缓释剂在兔眼滤过术后抗瘢痕形成的疗效及毒性。方法对２３只家兔双眼行巩膜后唇咬切术，术后次日第１组结膜下注射２．５％５－Ｆｕ缓释剂１０ｍｇ，第２组结膜下注射２．５％５－Ｆｕ注射液１０ｍｇ。术后第１周隔日用药１次，连续３次；第２周隔２日用药１次，连续３次。第３组用同法注射等体积的空白缓释剂。结果空白缓释剂组的滤过泡在术后７天内失败，５－Ｆｕ注射液组的滤过泡在术后２０～３０天失败，５－Ｆｕ缓释剂组的滤过泡持续至实验全程。术后７～３０天，５－Ｆｕ缓释剂组巩膜瘘道的阻塞率为６．７％，５－Ｆｕ注射液组为４１．７％，空白缓释剂组为１００．０％。５－Ｆｕ缓释剂组３只眼，５－Ｆｕ注射液组８只眼及空白缓释剂组２只眼出现角膜上皮缺损。结论本研究结果显示，５－Ｆｕ缓释剂可有效防止滤过泡瘢痕化及巩膜瘘道阻塞，提高兔眼滤过术的成功率，并降低５－Ｆｕ注射液的毒性，有临床应用价值。     

现代白内障囊外摘除术后早期眼压的观察

目的探讨白内障囊外摘除术后早期眼压的变化情况。方法将５８只眼随机分为三组，对术后早期不同时间的眼压进行观察和对照。结果术后１小时眼压均低者不能测出；３小时平均眼压高于术前水平；６～１２小时达高峰，３１只眼（５３．４５％）眼压＞２．８０ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ），４只眼（６．９０％）眼压≥４．００ｋＰａ，最高眼压为４．４０ｋＰａ；２４小时后眼压自然下降；术后７２小时内，５只眼（８．６２％）眼压低于正常水平（＜１．３３ｋＰａ）。术前应用醋氮酰胺组，术后平均眼压低于应用甘露醇组和未用降眼压药组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且术后正常眼压者所占比例较高。结论术前预防性服用醋氮酰胺，对降低白内障摘除术后早期的眼压有一定作用。     

t—PA和5—Fu多相脂质体联合应用对兔青光眼滤过术后瘢痕形成的影响

研究组织纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔｉｓｓｕｅ ｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎ ａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒ，ｔ－ＰＡ）联合５－氟尿嘧啶（５－Ｆｌｕｏｒｏｕｒａｃｉｌ，５－Ｆｕ）多相脂质体抑制青光眼滤后瘢痕形成的作用。方法将１６只健康成年新西兰长耳兔随机分成４组，每组１只，均行双眼小梁切除术。第１组：为对照组，手术结束时双眼前房内各注射生理盐水０．１ｍｌ，共４次。术后不用抑制瘢痕形成的药物。第２组；手术结束时双眼前房内注射ｔ     

5－氟尿嘧啶多相脂质体及其对兔眼睫状体上皮细胞的毒性研究

我们应用磷脂、胆固醇等原料，通过溶溶法制成５－氟尿嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）多相脂质体，包封率为５２．５％，脂质体粒径小于２μｍ者占９８％，对冷热均有较好的稳定。然后将８只健康成年新西兰长耳兔分为４组，每组２只。第一组不用药物，作为对照。其余各组用５－Ｆｕ多相脂质体０．２ｍｌ（浓度为２５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）注射于兔眼球结膜下，每隔３日注射１次，共注射４次。分别距最后一次注射后１２小时、７日和１４日将２、３和４组兔眼注射点相对应处睫状体完整取出。对照组兔眼相同部位的睫状体与第４组同日取出，制成电镜标本行透射电镜检查。结果发现：４组兔眼睫状上皮细胞的超微结构无任何改变。实验表明每隔３天结膜下注射５ｍｇ５－Ｆｕ多相脂质体，共４次，对兔眼睫状体上皮细胞无明显毒性。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术治疗高度近视的疗效分析

目的探讨准分子激光角膜切削术治疗高度近视的疗效。方法应用德国Ｋｅｒａｃｏｒ１１６型准分子激光仪，采用多步分区切削法治疗高度近视。按屈光度分为二组，Ⅰ组：－６．００～－９．７５Ｄ，２３３只眼；Ⅱ组：－１０．００～－１４．００Ｄ，５５只眼。术后随访１年，并对结果进行分析。结果本组患者术后１年裸眼视力≥０．５者占７９．４％，≥１．０者占３１．６％（其中Ⅰ组≥０．５者占９２．３％，Ⅱ组≥０．５者占５８．３％）。术后最佳矫正视力大于术前者占３７．１％，小于术前者占６．２％，９３．８％术后最佳矫正视力不变或上升。术后１个月时角膜上皮下混浊最重；１年时最轻，８７．４％的术眼混浊度为０。术后１年实际矫正度在预测矫正度±１．００Ｄ内者占５２．０％，±２．００Ｄ内者占８０．９％。激素性高眼压占１４．９％。结论准分子激光多步分级切削法治疗高度近视是一种安全、有效且稳定性较好的方法，对于超高度近视其安全性较高，但预测性略差。     

硬核性白内障的超声乳化吸除及人工晶体植入术

目的探讨白内障硬核的超声乳化碎核技术并评价其效果。方法利用改良的分割碎核法、保留皮质的旋转雕刻法及裸核旋转雕刻法对不同类型的硬核白内障进行乳化。结果硬核白内障６２只眼中,２６只眼成功的用改良的分割碎核法乳化,２３只眼用保留皮质的旋转雕刻法乳化,１３只眼用裸核旋转雕刻法乳化。均顺利植入折叠式人工晶体或５．５ｍｍ一体式ＰＭＭＡ人工晶体于囊袋内。术后３、５、３０天视力≥０．５者分别为４６只眼（７４．２％）、６０只眼（９６．８％）、６１只眼（９８．４％）。手术主要并发症有角膜水肿和后囊破裂。结论采用的三种乳化硬核方法适应于不同类型的各种硬核白内障,因安全易掌握,并发症少,值得在临床推广。     

纵向椭圆形撕囊在后房型人工晶体植入术中的应用

探讨纵向椭圆形连续撕囊在人晶体植入术中的意义。方法纵向椭圆形连续撕囊法：即前囊撕囊口纵向长７－８ｍｍ，横向宽４－４．５ｍｍ．结果术中１８９只眼采用此方法撕囊后１７６只眼人工晶体均顺利植入到囊袋内。     

同种异体小梁移植术降眼压机制的实验研究

目的 了解同种异体小梁移植术后眼压下降机制。方法 用氩激光重复照射７只猴眼功能小梁部分，建立开角型青光眼模型，行小梁移植术。分别于术后２、３、５个月在前房等压灌注下，以自体红细胞或亲合素－胶体金做房水示踪剂，取植片和激光区小梁行透射、扫描电镜观察及超微组化研究。结果 术后５／６只眼眼压降至正常；４只眼植片区在房角镜下见Ｓｃｈｌｅｍｍ管回血；电镜下植片小梁柱、网眼、细胞内吞饮泡、Ｓｃｈｌｅｍｍ管结构     

Somatostatin gene expression in the rat retina during postnatal development

目的用分子生物学原位杂交组化法研究视网膜生后发育过程中生长抑素（ｓｏｍａｔｏｓｔａｔｉｎ，ＳＯＭ）基因的表达。方法１０只ＳＤ大鼠分为５组，每组２只，年龄分别为１、２、３、４、８周。原位杂交探针为地高辛标记ＳＯＭ反义ｃＲＮＡ探针。结果１周时，ＳＯＭｍＲＮＡ杂交显色在神经母细胞层内侧及节细胞层，呈弱阳性；２周时，杂交信号逐渐增强，节细胞层呈中等强度染色，内核层为弱阳性；３～４周时，显色明显增加，节细胞层呈深紫色着色，而内核层仍为中等强度染色；８周时成年大鼠，节细胞层阳性细胞散在分布，染色较强，而内核层为弱阳性。结论大鼠出生后，视网膜内ＳＯＭ基因表达逐渐增加，于３～４周时达高峰，至成年时又下降，可能在视网膜生后发育过程中，对视网膜神经元的分化起重要作用。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Current Thoughts on the Aetiology of Ocular Changes during Contact Lens Wear

ABSTRACT: Contact lenses are known to produce changes to the ocular tissues, and this review attempts to give a comprehensive assemblage of the knowledge on the aetiology of such changes. To achieve this result, the changes are categorized by structure and function, and discussed according to the temporal nature of occurrence where appropriate. Although assessment of the importance of a particular tissue change is difficult, this overview enables some degree of judgement to be made on the aetiology of the major side-effects of contact lens wear. This gives a basis on which to modify aspects of contact lens wear to ultimately increase the success rate.     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: first-order and second-order spatial structure

This study provides evidence for the existence of a low-level chromatic motion mechanism and further elucidates the conditions under which its operation becomes measurable in an experimental stimulus. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of amplitude modulated (AM) gratings that were defined by luminance or chromatic variation and masked with spatiotemporally broadband luminance or chromatic noise. The size and retinal location of the stimuli were varied and the effects of broadband noise and grating masks were both compared with the cohort of stimuli. Some significant disparities in the published literature were well explained by the results. In conclusion, evidence for a chromatically sensitive motion mechanism that evades the, detrimental effects of a luminance mask was found only at the fovea and only when the stimulus was small and centrally placed.     

Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies

We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive.