胸腺五肽对新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者局部组织中浸润淋巴细胞的影响

目的 探讨胸腺五肽对新辅助化疗的乳腺癌组织微环境中浸润淋巴细胞的影响。方法 自2012年1月~2014年1月,前瞻性收集笔者医院收治的接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者80例,将患者随机分为研究组和对照组,所有患者均行新辅助化疗,研究组在新辅助化疗期间给予胸腺五肽,化疗结束后进行手术切除肿瘤组织,留取乳腺癌组织标本,观察乳腺癌组织中和外周血中CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞比例、外周血中IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β1水平。结果 与对照组比较,研究组患者乳腺癌组织中CD4⁺T细胞显著降低（21.47%±3.29% vs 23.88%±3.43%,P=0.002）;CD8⁺T细胞显著增高（30.36%±4.38% vs 28.43%±4.16%,P=0.047）;CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞显著降低（0.71±0.14 vs 0.84±0.18,P=0.001）。两组患者治疗前外周血CD4⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β1等比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与对照组比较,研究组患者术后外周血CD4⁺T细胞水平显著增加（27.67%±4.24% vs 25.09%±3.68%,P=0.005）;CD4⁺/CD8⁺T显著增加（0.83±0.14 vs 0.75±0.18,P=0.029）;IL-6水平显著增高（12.39±2.87 vs 9.24±3.38ng/L,P=0.000）;IL-10水平显著降低（8.49±2.59 vs 12.59±3.65ng/L,P=0.006）;TGF-β1水平显著降低（12.47±3.88 vs 17.76±4.12ng/ml,P=0.000）。两组患者住院时间、切口感染、手术部位出血、复发率和病死率等比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 胸腺五肽联合新辅助化疗可能有助于改善乳腺癌组织微环境中免疫状态和全身免疫功能。     

儿童先天性晶状体半脱位术后房水中细胞因子的连续观察和临床分析

目的分析儿童先天性晶状体半脱位术前与术后不同时间房水中多种细胞因子的表达情况,探讨术后早期细胞因子的表达变化规律以及相关的临床意义。方法收集先天性晶状体半脱位患儿的房水样本31眼进行定量分析。其中术前取房水样本31眼,术后1周取房水样本10眼,术后1个月取房水样本13眼,术后2个月取房水样本8眼。房水样本应用流式细胞术微球阵列法(cytometric bead array,CBA)检测IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ 8种细胞因子的表达情况。结果术后1周患儿房水中IL-4(151.26±20.77fg/ml)、IL-6(153089.74±76980.97fg/ml)的表达量较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月患儿房水中IL-2(344.89±84.81fg/ml)、IL-4(149.89±37.14fg/ml)、IL-6[200000.00(129045.55)fg/ml]、TNF-α(274.32±57.40fg/ml)的表达量较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2个月患儿房水中IL-2(347.68±105.65fg/ml)、IL-4(153.92±29.69fg/ml)、IL-5(135.46±34.90fg/ml)、IL-6(123661.66±87444.85fg/ml)、IL-10(176.79±25.35fg/ml)、TNF-α(314.30±41.46fg/ml)的表达量仍高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IL-1β、IFN-γ表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童先天性晶状体半脱位患者手术前后房水中细胞因子的表达量可发生明显变化,术后房水细胞因子的表达升高可能与患儿手术后炎性反应及并发症的发生和疾病的预后有关。IL-4、TNF-α可能是对术后炎性反应变化较敏感的细胞因子;IL-6可能是术后炎性反应强度的预测因子。儿童内眼手术后应用抗炎药物的时间应适当延长。     

β1受体阻滞剂上调肠道上皮细胞HO-1对脓毒症大鼠肠道功能的保护作用

目的 探讨β₁受体阻滞剂艾司洛尔（Esmolol）能否上调血红素氧合酶-1（heme oxygenase-1,HO-1）起到对脓毒症大鼠肠道功能的保护作用。方法 本实验于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院外科中心实验室完成。40只雄性Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为4组：假手术组（sham组,n=10）、脓毒症组（CLP组,n=10）、艾司洛尔干预组（Esmolol+CLP组,n=10）、HO-1抑制剂组（Esmolol+ZnPP+CLP组,n=10）。采用盲肠结扎穿孔术（CLP）制备脓毒症大鼠模型,Esmolol组通过静脉输注艾司洛尔注射液,速度为15mg/（kg·h）,Esmolol+ZnPP+CLP组术前1h腹腔内注射ZnPP溶液（40μmol/kg）,术后同速静脉输注艾司洛尔注射液。其余各组大鼠腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,并且静脉输注等渗盐水,速度2ml/（kg·h）。术后12h处死大鼠,ELISA法检测各组血清肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）和白细胞介素（IL-1β）水平,采用蛋白印迹法及免疫组化法检测大鼠肠组织HO-1表达水平,光学显微镜观察大鼠肠组织病理变化情况。结果 与Sham组相比,CLP组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平均明显升高（43.71±6.24pg/ml vs 2742.69±221.71pg/ml,52.69±14.15pg/ml vs 482.73±125.49pg/ml,P<0.05）;肠组织中HO-1水平表达升高（P<0.05）;肠组织病理损伤明显。与CLP组相比,Esmolol+CLP组血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平均明显下降（2742.69±221.71pg/ml vs 968.81±99.46pg/ml,482.73±125.49pg/ml vs 156.15±38.29pg/ml,P<0.05）;肠组织HO-1水平表达明显升高（P<0.05）;肠组织病理损伤程度减轻。与CLP组相比,Esmolol+ZnPP+CLP组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β水平无明显差异（2742.69±221.71pg/ml vs 2545.18±173.74pg/ml,482.73±125.49pg/ml vs 474.43±113.98pg/ml,P>0.05）;肠组织病理损伤程度无明显差异。结论 Esmolol能改善脓毒症诱发的肠道损伤,其可能是通过上调HO-1通路来减轻肠组织炎性反应,继而减轻肠道损伤。     

高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)对艾滋病患者血清炎性标志物水平影响研究

目的 观察艾滋病患者高效抗反转录病毒治疗（HAART）对其血清炎性标志物（TNF-α、Ang-Ⅱ、hs-CRP）水平影响,并与正常人水平比较。方法 监测36例HIV/AIDS患者（观察组）接受高效抗反转录病毒治疗（HAART）前和治疗后（6、12个月）的血清高敏C反应蛋白（high sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α）、血管紧张素-Ⅱ（angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang-Ⅱ）水平,并与36例健康体检者（对照组）相应血清炎性标志物比较。以流式细胞计数法检测CD4⁺ T细胞数、CD4⁺ T/CD8⁺ T值。结果 AIDS接受HAART组治疗前、治疗后6、12个月及正常人静脉hs-CRP、TNF-α、Ang-Ⅱ水平分别为7.37±1.55ml/L,0.75±0.24ng/L,97.2±7.6pg/L、4.65±1.48ml/L,0.48±0.20ng/L,90.0±8.2pg/L、3.82±1.45ml/L,0.40±0.16ng/L,87.2±7.4pg/L和2.68±1.08ml/L,0.32±0.16ng/L,64.2±10.5pg/L。与治疗前比较,治疗6、12个月后的hs-CRP、TNF-α、Ang-Ⅱ水平均有明显降低（P均<0.05）;CD4⁺ T细胞数、CD4⁺ T/CD8⁺ T比值升高。结论 高效抗反转录病毒治疗可以降低艾滋病患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、Ang-Ⅱ等炎性指标水平,提高机体免疫系统功能,控制艾滋病疾病发展。     

自体DC-CIK细胞治疗晚期肺癌患者前后T淋巴细胞亚群表面分子的表达

目的 探讨自体DC-CIK细胞治疗晚期肺癌患者前后T淋巴细胞亚群表面分子表达情况.方法 抽取63例肺癌晚期患者的外周血分离获得外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),将与患者病理分类相同的肺癌细胞株经反复冻融处理获得可溶性抗原,制备肿瘤相关抗原肽负载DC-CIK细胞,并进行质量控制后回输.应用流式细胞术检测DC-CIK细胞治疗晚期肺癌患者前后T淋巴细胞表面CD3⁺HLA-DR⁺、CD3⁺CD25⁺、CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺CD38⁺细胞百分比及对比治疗前后表达情况.结果 成功获得成熟DC细胞,流式细胞术检测证实DC细胞成熟的标志分子CD11c、CD83、CD86及HLA-DR的表达均较高,分别为51.6%±10.3%、50.8%±9.7%、48.9%±11.4%、61.2%±6.5%;成功获得CIK细胞细胞,流式细胞术结果显示,CD3+CD56+双阳性细胞比例占21.3%±7.6%.与治疗前相比,DC-CIK细胞治疗后CD3⁺HLA-DR⁺(12.71±1.54 vs 11.44±4.13,P<0.05)、CD3⁺CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺(7.48±1.01 vs 5.20±1.01,P<0.01)、CD3⁺CD8⁺CD38⁺(8.27±1.71 vs 6.47±1.99,P<0.01)表达明显升高,CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺(5.38±1.47 vs 6.12±0.67,P<0.05)表达明显降低.结论 采用自体DC-CIK免疫细胞治疗晚期肺癌可以明显提高患者免疫力.     

Breg Tfh Tfr细胞在免疫性血小板减少症患者中的表达及意义

目的 探讨调节性B细胞（Breg）、滤泡辅助性T细胞（Tfh）、滤泡调节性T细胞（Tfr）在免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）中的作用和临床意义。方法 选择2017年10月至2019年10月安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的初次诊断的30例ITP患者为ITP组,同期选择健康对照组25例,应用流式细胞术（FCM）检测外周血Breg、Tfh、Tfr细胞的表达水平并统计分析。结果 ITP组患者外周血CD19⁺B细胞中Breg[（1.93±1.21）%]、IL-10⁺Breg[（28.64±10.31）%]水平低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;外周血CD4⁺T细胞中Tfh细胞比例高于健康对照组[（12.18±5.26）% vs（6.21±1.78）%],Tfr细胞比例[（1.64±1.01）%]、Tfr/Tfh比值（0.21±0.13）低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 Breg细胞降低,IL-10分泌减少,Tfr/Tfh比值失衡,在ITP发病过程中可能起到重要的作用。     

COPD患者血清炎症因子水平及其与COPD加重期的相关性

目的 检测慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者血清炎症因子白介素6（IL-6）、白介素8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平,并分析IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和hs-CRP水平与COPD临床加重期（AECOPD）的相关性。方法 选择2014年6月至2015年8月南京明基医院呼吸内科收治的120例COPD患者作为观察组,选取同期排除COPD的健康体检者120例作为对照组,根据疾病进展情况将观察组分为缓解组75例和加重组45例。利用化学发光法检测各组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和hs-CRP水平并做对比。结果 观察组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和hs-CRP水平分别为（34.2±14.8）mg/L、（76.7±20.4）pg/mL,（82.4±16.7）pg/mL和（27.2±6.4）mg/L,对照组为（7.8±2.6）mg/L、（9.4±3.2）pg/mL、（15.8±7.5）pg/mL和（2.1±0.8）mg/L,观察组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）;加重组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和hs-CRP水平分别为（40.2±17.4）mg/L、（83.5±24.3）pg/mL、（89.7±19.2）pg/mL和（29.6±6.6）mg/L,缓解组为（17.4±5.3）mg/L、（18.2±7.2）pg/mL、（26.8±12.2）pg/mL和（5.4±3.2）mg/L,加重组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和hs-CRP水平明显高于缓解组（P < 0.05）。结论 IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和hs-CRP在COPD的诊断和预后评价上具有重要的临床意义。     

20-羟基蜕皮甾酮通过Akt/NF-κB通路调节小胶质细胞活化

目的 观察20-羟基蜕皮甾酮对脂多糖诱导的体外原代培养小胶质细胞活化的影响,并探讨其相关机制。方法 脂多糖处理原代培养的SD大鼠小胶质细胞,构建其活化模型。实验分为正常组,脂多糖处理组和脂多糖+20-羟基蜕皮甾酮组。酶联免疫法测定各组细胞培养基中IL-1β和TNF-α的浓度,Western blot法检测各组细胞胞质内p-IκBα、细胞核内p-NF-κB以及细胞内p-Akt水平。结果 10ng/ml LPS孵育小胶质细胞8h,细胞培养基中IL-1β和TNF-α浓度分别从33.73±6.42pg/ml和43.67±7.17pg/ml上升至87.16±12.78pg/ml和96.55±13.76pg/ml （P<0.01）。50μmol/L 20-羟基蜕皮甾酮和LPS一起处理细胞8h后,笔者观察到细胞上清中IL-1β和TNF-α浓度分别降低至59.37±9.24和72.81±12.69pg/ml （P<0.05）。进一步增加20-羟基蜕皮甾酮浓度至100μmol/L,细胞上清中IL-1β和TNF-α浓度进一步降低至48.11±8.42pg/ml和61.44±9.38pg/ml （P<0.01）。此外,脂多糖导致小胶质细胞胞质内p-IκBα、细胞核内p-NF-κB和细胞内p-Akt水平明显升高（P<0.01）,20-羟基蜕皮甾酮抑制上述蛋白水平的升高。结论 20-羟基蜕皮甾酮经Akt信号通路,失活NF-κB,抑制LPS诱导的小胶质细胞IL-1β和TNF-α分泌,最终改善小胶质细胞介导的炎症。     

苯吸入对骨髓细胞凋亡和组蛋白去乙酰化酶影响

目的 观察苯吸入对小鼠骨髓细胞损伤情况以及去乙酰化酶水平的变化。方法 自制动式苯吸入装置中放8~9周龄CD1雄性小鼠实验组吸入苯,正常对照组吸空气,6h/d,5天/周,300ml/m³及900ml/m³维持12周。末次吸苯后第2天,获取小鼠骨髓单个核细胞,利用流式细胞仪测骨髓细胞凋亡情况及用去乙酰化酶（HDAC）试剂盒测去乙酰化酶（HDAC酶）活性变化。结果 300ml/m³∶实验组小鼠骨髓细胞中早期凋亡细胞（AnnexinⅤ+PI-）比例（13.80%±5.31%）是对照组（8.33%±0.61%）的1.65倍（P<0.05）;晚期骨髓凋亡细胞（AnnexinⅤ+PI+）比例与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。900ml/m³∶实验组小鼠骨髓细胞中早期凋亡细胞（AnnexinⅤ+PI-）比例（13.10%±5.39%）是对照组（7.16%±2.18%）的1.83倍（P<0.05）;实验组晚期凋亡骨髓细胞（AnnexinⅤ+PI+）比例（7.11%±3.54%）是对照组（4.54%±0.84%）的1.57倍（P<0.05）。（2）900ml/m³苯浓度吸入小鼠组骨髓单个核细胞去乙酰化酶活性[（7.89±2.58）×10^-3A值/微克]是正常对照组[（5.00±1.52）×10^-3A值/微克）]的1.58倍（P<0.05）。结论 苯吸入可致小鼠骨髓细胞产生凋亡坏死。苯吸入致小鼠骨髓细胞组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性升高。     

肺功能及血清炎性因子与老年高血压合并冠状动脉疾病的关系

目的 探讨肺功能及血清炎性因子与老年高血压合并冠状动脉疾病的关系。方法 选择152例患高血压疾病的患者,根据是否合并冠状动脉疾病,将患者分为合并冠状动脉疾病组和非合并冠状动脉疾病组,合并冠状动脉疾病组84例,非合并冠状动脉疾病组68例。结果 对比两组的一般资料,发现高血压合并冠状动脉疾病组患者与非合并冠状动脉疾病组患者的年龄（75.23±7.49岁vs 71.42±8.21岁）、甘油三酯（1.59±0.41mmol/L vs 1.41±0.63mmol/L）、血肌酐（82.42±39.27μmol/L vs 70.39±25.76μmol/L）、血尿素氮（7.85±4.31mmol/L vs 6.12±2.49mmol/L）、IL-2（567.32pg/dl±191.53pg/dl vs 501.26±217.74）、IL-6（3.95±2.92pg/dl vs 3.04±2.61pg/dl）和CRP （1.75±1.84mg/dl vs 1.04±2.01mg/dl）相比较高,而FEV₁%（83.42%±24.57% vs 92.15%±19.38%）和FEV₁/FVC （62.91±13.65 vs 70.24±9.42）更低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;对差异有统计学意义的相关因素进行线性回归分析发现,FEV₁%（P=0.005）、FEV₁/FVC （P=0.003）、IL-2（P=0.012）和CRP （P=0.009）差异更明显,为高血压合并冠状动脉疾病的独立相关因素;对高血压患者的血清炎性因子IL-2、CRP与肺功能指标FEV₁%和FEV₁/FVC进行相关性分析发现,血清炎性因子IL-2与肺功能指标FEV₁%（r=-0.391,P=0.000）和FEV₁/FVC （r=-0.571,P=0.000）呈负相关,CRP也与肺功能指标FEV₁%（r=-0.437,P=0.000）和FEV₁/FVC （r=-0.559,P=0.000）呈负相关。结论 肺功能及血清炎性因子是老年高血压合并冠状动脉疾病的危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.