双侧同时性肾癌治疗方式的选择

目的 探讨双侧同时性肾癌患者有效治疗方式的选择. 方法双侧同时性肾癌14例.男12例,女2例.平均年龄45岁.临床表现腰部酸痛感4例、血尿2例、体检偶然发现8例.14例术前影像学检查均明确为双侧肾脏占位性病变.其中发现腔静脉癌栓1例,肾门或腹膜后淋巴结肿大2例.14全均未发现远处转移.Robson分期Ⅱ期11例,Ⅲ期3例.肿瘤直径1.0～8.5 cm.行一期双侧手术6例,其中行双侧肾部分切除4例,一侧根治性肾切除、对侧肾部分切除2例.行二期手术8例,先行一侧部分切除术,1个月后行对侧根治性肾切除术3例;先行一侧根治性肾切除术,1个月后行对侧部分切除术2例;先行一侧部分肾切除术,1个月后行对侧肾部分切除术2例;1例伴有腔静脉癌栓患者一期于下腔静脉肝下水平放置静脉内支架加滤网防止癌栓脱落,再行根治性肾切除,1个月后再行对侧肾部分切除.结果 14例共行22例次手术,均获成功.一期双侧手术者平均手术时间(263±52)min;二期手术者平均手术时间(155±46)min.病理报告:29个肿瘤中,透明细胞癌23个,未分化肿瘤4个,嫌色细胞癌2个.10例患者获随访,随防时间6～41个月.3例行一侧肾部分切除加对侧根治性肾切除患者SCr升高,但无需血液透析;1例术后14个月后双侧肺转移,25个月后死亡;1例术后21个月左侧肾窝肿瘤复发,经放疗及化疗,38个月后死亡,1例术后6个月死于脑血管意外;6例无瘤存活,1例腔静脉癌栓未切除者随访32个月存活.结论 双侧肾肿瘤的处理原则为兼顾肾功能保留和肾肿瘤治疗,治疗方案应根据患者全身情况及肿瘤大小、部位进行详细评估,尽可能保留足够的肾功能.     

双侧肾同时发生肾细胞癌的保肾手术治疗

目的评价保肾手术在双侧肾癌治疗中的作用。方法报告一组双侧肾同时发生的肾细胞癌行保肾手术治疗结果。１９９０～１９９６年５例双侧Ⅱ期肾细胞癌，肾肿瘤直径１．５～５．５ｃｍ，平均４．０ｃｍ；共１３枚肿瘤，其中４例２枚，１例５枚。３例一侧作肾根治性切除，一侧作保肾手术，２例双侧肾均作保肾手术。结果平均随访３０个月，１例术后３年发现肺转移，无１例局部复发。结论保肾手术对体积较小的双肾癌是安全有效的治疗方法。     

双侧上尿路肿瘤的治疗方法分析与评估(附2例报告)

目的 探讨双侧上尿路同时发生恶性肿瘤的治疗方法及有效性评价.方法 报告2013年1月～2013年2月本院收治的2例双侧上尿路同时发生肿瘤患者的临床资料,2例均行一侧肾输尿管全长切除术,对侧保留肾脏的手术.其中1例为输尿管膀胱再吻合术,1例为输尿管镜下肿瘤切除术.结果 术后病理结果均提示移行细胞癌.目前2例患者均在随访中,其中1例术后6个月及8个月分别出现膀胱肿瘤复发,后于2013年10月行膀胱根治性切除术;1例未见肿瘤复发.结论 对于双侧同时存在尿路上皮肿瘤的患者,可根据实际情况选择一侧肾输尿管全长切除+对侧保留肾脏的手术方法,此种治疗方式术后花费低、患者主观生存质量较高,值得临床推荐.当然术后有效的随访必不可少.     

同时性散发性双肾癌的手术治疗策略研究

目的:探讨同时性散发性双侧肾癌的手术治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析64例同时性散发性双肾癌患者的临床及病理资料。男47例,女17例,年龄25~69岁,平均51岁。59例患者无任何临床症状为体检时发现,2例以血尿就诊,3例以腰痛就诊,均未伴淋巴结及远处转移。肿瘤临床分期为T1a38例,T1b17例,T2a9例。结果:64例患者均行后腹腔镜手术治疗。4例患者行双侧肿瘤的同期手术切除,2例发生术后急性肾功能衰竭,行短期透析治疗。60例行双侧肿瘤分期手术切除,其中33例行双侧保留肾单位手术(NSS-NSS组),19例先行一侧根治性肾切除术后行另一侧保留肾单位手术(RN-NSS组),7例先行保留肾单位手术后行另一侧根治性肾切除术(NSS-RN组)。双侧肿瘤切除术后各组肌酐分别为89、110、102μmol/L。1例行双侧根治性肾切除,术后行常规透析治疗。术后随访7~99个月,中位随访时间49个月,50例患者无瘤生存,2例局部复发,5例发生转移,7例死亡。结论:后腹腔镜分期保留肾单位手术是同时散发性双肾癌的首选治疗策略,在完整切除肿瘤的同时最大限度的保留肾功能。患者预后不因双侧肾脏受累而受到明显影响。     

双侧同时性上尿路移行细胞癌诊治研究

目的：提高双侧上尿路移行细胞癌的诊断率并探讨双侧上尿路同时发生移行细胞癌患者的治疗策略。方法：报告5例双侧上尿路同时发生移行细胞癌患者的临床资料,均有无痛性全程肉眼血尿,有2例肾功不全,4例术前行B超、IVP、CTU及逆行造影检查,2例术前获得诊断,2例一侧仅表现异常,术中获得确诊。4例均行保肾手术。1例在外院仅诊断一侧肿瘤,并行根治性切除术,20天后又在我院确诊对侧也存在肿瘤并行保肾手术。结果：随访14～40个月,平均26个月。随访期间1例死亡,2例术后发生膀胱肿瘤。2例未见肿瘤复发。结论：双侧上尿路同时发生移行细胞癌易漏诊一侧,保肾手术是治疗的最优选择。     

肾细胞癌剜除术远期疗效评价

目的:评价肾细胞癌剜除术的远期疗效.方法:回顾分析23例肾细胞癌患者行肿瘤剜除术的临床资料.结果:1例术中发现一侧肿瘤旁脂肪组织有癌细胞,当即作肾及周围脂肪囊切除;22例剜除术成功.其中,生存15年以上2例,10年以上3例,5年以上6例,2年以上11例.1例术后4年在其肾上极新生长一肿瘤;1例术后5年余,原剜除部肿瘤复发做了肾切除;其余20例皆良好.结论:临床I期CT或MRI肿瘤边缘清晰的肾细胞癌作单纯肿瘤剜除术治疗是可取的,但术中务必做周围组织活检.     

双侧肾癌的诊治与预后（附6例报告）

目的：探讨双侧肾癌（Bilateral renal cell carcinoma,BRCC）患者的诊治与预后。方法：1999年1月～2006年1月我院共诊治BRCC患者6例,平均发病年龄53（35～74）岁。其中双侧同时性肾癌3例,异时性肾癌3例。肿瘤位于肾上极6枚,中极7枚,下极1枚;左肾6枚,右肾8枚;肿瘤平均直径4．6（3～7）cm。3例同时性肾癌患者,2例行双侧同期手术,1例行分期手术。其中2例行一侧肾癌根治术,对侧保留肾单位手术（NSS）;1例一侧先行NSS,2周后再行对侧肾癌根治术。3例异时性肾癌患者均行分期手术治疗,均行一侧肾癌根治术,对侧NSS术。结果：6例随访12～156个月,平均84．5个月。肿瘤转移2例,分别死于肺转移和骨转移;肿瘤局部复发2例;无瘤生存2例。结论：NSS是目前较为理想的双侧肾癌治疗方法。治疗双侧肾癌的原则为尽可能切除肿瘤和最大限度保存。肾功能。     

孤立肾及双侧肾细胞癌保肾手术23例分析

目的 探讨保肾手术治疗双侧肾、孤立肾肾癌的经验.方法 回顾性总结6例孤立肾癌和17例双侧肾癌患者的临床资料.23例共54枚肿瘤,肿瘤直径0.6～11.5 cm,平均4.2 cm.7例同时性肾癌中,均行一侧根治性肾切除(RN)及对侧肾部分切或剜除术.10例非同时行肾癌和6例孤立肾肾癌均行肾部分切或肿瘤剜除术.结果 21例...     

双侧肾细胞癌21例报告

目的 探讨双侧肾细胞癌手术治疗的疗效。方法 1990年1月至2005年1月收治双侧肾细胞癌患者21例。其中同时性10例，异时性11例。肿瘤位于肾上极15枚，中极19枚，下极20枚；左肾28枚，右肾26枚。肿瘤直径0．5～16．0cm，平均4．5cm。2例伴下腔静脉癌栓。17例经手术治疗。6例同时性肾癌中，5例行双侧一期手术，1例行分期手术。其中1例行双肾部分切除术；1例行双肾部分切除及左肾上腺切除术；3例行一侧肾癌根治术及对侧肾部分切除术；1例行一侧肾癌根治术，对侧肾部分切除术及下腔静脉切开取癌栓术。11例异时性肾癌均分期手术。其中3例行双肾部分切除术；1例行一侧肾癌根治术，对侧肾肿瘤剜出术；1例行一侧肾癌根治术，对侧肾部分切除术加下腔静脉切开取癌栓术；6例行一侧肾癌根治术，对侧肾部分切除术。未行手术治疗4例．其中行介入治疗1例，生物学治疗1例，保守治疗2例。结果 21例随访3个月～24年，平均3．4年。17例手术治疗者中，13例未见肿瘤复发和转移，术后肾功能均可；1例术后10个月出现左上肺转移，已带瘤存活9个月；1例术后1年出现残肾肿瘤复发，经生物学和中药治疗，已带瘤存活5个月；2例死于肿瘤转移。4例未手术者中，1例10个月后死于胰腺转移，1例4个月后死于肾衰竭，1例6个月后死于脑血管意外，1例伴腹膜后淋巴结转移者经化疗和生物学治疗，病情稳定，已带瘤存活7个月。异时性肾癌者的先发一侧行肾癌根治术，对侧肾出现肿瘤的时间为7个月～18年。结论 双侧肾癌并非手术禁忌，如果采取积极的治疗措施，仍可获得满意的手术效果。保肾手术是目前较为理想的治疗方法，如果保留足够的肾实质，患者仍可获得良好的生存状态。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断与治疗（附36例报告）

报告肾血管平同脂肪瘤３６例，其中随访观察７例，手术治疗２９例，手术治疗包括肾切除１３例，肾部分切除５例，单纯肿瘤剜除１０例，１例双侧病变，左侧行肾切除，右侧行肿瘤剜除，术后全部手术病例均经病理检查证实，文中对临床应用Ｂ超及ＣＴ诊断本病的准确率及重要性进行了分析讨论，认为Ｂ超结合ＣＴ扫描是诊断本病的主要方法，早期明确诊断２是保存正常肾实质功能，降低肾切除率的关键，治疗上应根据不同情况区别对待。     

肾创伤的诊断及外科治疗(附185例报告)

为探讨肾外伤的诊断和治疗方法，报告185倒闭合性肾损伤的临床诊断和外科治疗情况，结果双倍剂量IVU、B超、CT和数字减影血管造影（DSA）检出率分别为89．3％、88．9％、100％和100％；104例采用非手术方法治疗，2例采用DSA检查治疗，18例行肾修补或肾部分切除术，61例行肾切除术，其中184例痊愈，1例死亡。认为肾损伤的诊断首选B超或CT；对一侧肾裂伤可行DSA明胶栓塞，对部分裂伤可在阻断血供情况下行肾修补或肾部分切除术。     

Renovascular hypertension in children. Report of seven cases treated surgically including two cases of renal autotransplantation

Seven children between the ages of three and seventeen years have been treated surgically for renovascular hypertension. Two additional cases treated elsewhere but studied subsequently are cited because of special features of interest. Two patients had primary nephrectomy because of irreparable vascular lesions and contralateral intact kidneys. One patient was treated with midsegmental partial nephrectomy for intimal and medial fibroplasia. Another patient with duplex renal arteries and stenosing lesions involving the upper main renal artery to the left kidney and lower segmental artery to the right kidney was treated by left nephrectomy and right lower pole resection. One patient with subadventitial fibroplasia was treated with a hypogastric artery autograft, and two patients were treated with autotransplantation, one having had simultaneous contralateral nephrectomy for a nonfunctioning kidney because of a previously unsuccessful splenorenal bypass.     

经腹腹腔镜肾癌根治术的临床分析

目的:探讨经腹腹腔镜肾癌根治术的临床应用价值。方法:选择肾癌患者196例,肿瘤直径3.5～8.2cm;左侧87例,右侧109例,86例肿瘤直径大于5.0cm,均行经腹腹腔镜肾癌根治术。结果:194例成功完成腹腔镜手术,2例中转开腹。手术时间60～180min,平均110min。术后无严重并发症发生,术后住院5～10d,平均7.2d。结论:经腹腹腔镜肾癌根治术安全有效,患者创伤小,康复快,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Surgical management in synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma

Six patients with synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma were treated surgically over a 7-year period in our department. They were all males and the mean age was 60.3 years. They comprised 7.1% of all patients with renal cell carcinoma encountered during the same period. In four out of the six cases, radical nephrectomy for the larger tumor plus partial nephrectomy for contralateral kidney was performed simultaneously. In the remaining two cases, bilateral partial nephrectomy was performed simultaneously or as separate procedures. Two patients required chronic hemodialysis and died of cardio-pulmonary insufficiency on the 70th and 75th day. One patient, who underwent bilateral partial nephrectomy with incomplete tumor removal, subsequently died of metastatic disease at 27 months. Although one of them required transient hemodialysis, the remaining three patients were alive and disease-free 84, 42, and 17 months after operation, without evidence of tumor. This series suggests that partial nephrectomy is an appropriate option in the management of selected cases of bilateral renal cell carcinoma.     

Atypical Presentations of Benign Retroperitoneal Schwannoma: Report of Three Cases with Review of Literature

We report 3 cases of benign retroperitoneal schwannoma, of whom one presented with flank pain with hematuria, one presented with headache and secondary hypertension and one presented with recurrent renal colicky pain. Two patients were treated by open surgical excision of the tumor with nephrectomy of the corresponding side because the tumors were densely adhered to the kidney and one case treated by laparoscopic resection of the mass only. The diagnosis of schwannoma was established postoperatively after histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. All patients are doing well in follow-up.     

Renal cell carcinoma in solitary kidneys

We report 10 cases of renal tumors in a solitary kidney that were treated surgically with efforts to spare renal function. Three patients were rendered anephric to excise completely the renal cancer and 2 remain without disease. The remaining 7 patients had complete tumor excision with the aid of partial nephrectomy. One patient had bilateral oncocytomas. Of the 6 partial nephrectomy patients with cancer 1 (18 per cent) remains free of metastatic disease. Concern is expressed for the role of partial nephrectomy as curative surgery for renal cancer.     

Bilateral renal oncocytoma: report of 2 cases and literature review

We report on 2 patients with bilateral renal oncocytoma treated in the last 5 years. One patient underwent bilateral partial nephrectomy for a solitary tumor in each kidney. Both tumors were confirmed to be renal oncocytomas by light and electron microscopic examination. After 4 years this patient had no evidence of local recurrence or distal metastasis. The second patient presented with bilateral multiple renal oncocytomas. Transabdominal bilateral renal exploration revealed 2 tumors in the right kidney and 3 tumors in the left kidney. Right radical nephrectomy and enucleation of the left renal tumors were performed. Examination by light and electron microscopy confirmed that all tumors from both kidneys were oncocytomas. Only 8 cases of bilateral renal oncocytoma have been reported in the literature, including our 2 cases. In 6 of these 8 cases the tumors were multicentric, which may be a characteristic of bilateral renal oncocytoma. Recognizing the coexistence of multicentricity and bilaterality is important because more conservative treatment is required. However, a favorable prognosis may still be anticipated.