全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术34例临床分析

目的探讨全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗肺部疾病的临床体会及临床应用价值。方法 2015年10月~2017年6月,我院共为34例肺部疾病患者行全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术,并对26例恶性肿瘤患者实施肺门及纵膈淋巴结清扫术。其中行左肺上叶切除11例,左肺下叶切除6例,右肺上叶切除8例,右肺中叶切除2例,右肺下叶切除7例,术后常规放置一根胸腔引流管。结果全组患者手术顺利,无围手术期死亡,无中转开胸,无严重并发症发生。平均手术时间(142.8±11.2)min,术中出血量(77.4±26.7)m L,术后胸腔引流管放置时间(5.4±1.3)d,清扫淋巴结数目(15.4±3.1)枚,术后住院时间(8.7±2.6)d。随访3~16个月,1例Ⅱb期腺癌患者在术后7个月发生转移,其余患者无复发及转移。结论全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗肺部疾病具有创伤小、痛苦少、恢复快等优点,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

胸腔镜肺段和肺叶切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的临床对比研究

目的观察胸腔镜下肺段及肺叶切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的有效性及安全性。方法收集2015年10月至2017年9月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院胸外科接受胸腔镜下肺段或肺叶切除的早期NSCLC患者132例,其中胸腔镜下肺段切除术患者65例,胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者67例,分别作为观察组和对照组,比较两组患者围术期相关临床指标(手术时间、术后总引流量、抗生素运用时间等)的变化情况。结果两组患者均在胸腔镜下顺利完成手术,无围术期死亡和中转开胸。两组术中出血量、总费用比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。但与对照组相比,观察组的手术时间延长[(148±23) min比(134±22) min],术后总引流量减少[(331±215) m L比(799±317) m L],抗生素运用时间、术后住院时间、重症监护病房停留时间、胸腔引流时间缩短[(3. 0±1. 7) d比(4. 0±2. 1) d,(3. 6±2. 0) d比(5. 2±2. 4) d,(1. 2±0. 4) d比(2. 0±0. 9) d,(3. 0±2. 0) d比(4. 3±2. 2) d](P <0. 01),术后并发症发生率降低[7. 6%(5/65)比20. 8%(14/67)](P <0. 05)。结论对于早期NSCLC患者,胸腔镜下肺段及肺叶切除术均安全、可靠,且与胸腔镜肺叶切除术相比,胸腔镜肺段切除术能保留更多的健康肺组织,创伤更小、术后恢复更快。     

剑突下单孔胸腔镜肺部手术23例临床分析

目的探讨剑突下单孔胸腔镜手术治疗肺部常见疾病的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2017年2月行剑突下单孔胸腔镜手术患者23例的临床资料,肺大泡切除术16例,肺楔行切除术7例。结果手术均顺利完成,术中增加肋间胸腔镜手术切口2例,中转开胸1例,平均手术时间43.48(30~100)min,平均出血量26.96(10~200)mL,术后平均胸管留置时间1.83(1~4)d,术后平均住院时间3.96(3~7)d,无围手术期死亡和严重并发症。结论剑突下单孔胸腔镜手术需要选择适当病例,治疗简单肺部疾病安全可行,创伤更小,恢复更快,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术210例体会

目的总结全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的临床应用经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法 2007年1月至2012年4月,对210例肺部疾病患者进行全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗。结果 203例顺利完成全腔镜下肺叶切除术,7例中转辅助小切口。手术时间(160±30)min,术中失血量(175±64)mL,术后引流管放置时间(4±1.5)d。全部病例无围术期死亡,术后住院时间(7±2)d。结论全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术创伤小、恢复快、安全、可靠,必将成为肺外科的主要手术方式。     

术前肺血管、支气管CT三维重建联合CT引导下亚甲蓝注射定位在全胸腔镜下肺段切除术治疗肺小结节病变中应用的临床效果

目的观察术前肺血管、支气管CT三维重建联合CT引导下亚甲蓝注射定位在肺部小结节病变行全胸腔镜肺段切除术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析行全胸腔下肺段切除术治疗的47例肺小结节病变患者的临床资料,术前均行肺血管、支气管CT三维重建联合CT引导下亚甲蓝注射定位,观察其治疗效果。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中均准确定位并找到小结节,无中转开胸及围术期死亡病例。手术时间为(150.2±23.1)min,术中出血量为(152.5±32.3)mL,术中清扫淋巴结(11.2±1.3)个,术后胸管留置时间为(4.1±1.2)d,术后胸管引流总量为(634.5±128.3)mL,术后住院时间为(5.6±1.3)d。术后并发漏气3例,咯血2例,肺部感染并肺不张和心律失常各1例,对症保守治疗后均痊愈。术后随访(17.2±3.2)个月,患者均无肿瘤复发。结论对肺部小结节病变的患者,术前行肺血管、支气管CT三维重建联合CT引导下亚甲蓝注射定位,可为全胸腔镜下肺段切除术提供精准的导航,提高手术安全性。     

单孔电视辅助胸腔镜肺切除手术的临床应用(附100例报告)

目的: 探讨单孔电视辅助胸腔镜肺切除手术治疗肺部疾病的可行性,为其在胸外科临床中的应用提供经验。方法: 2013年3月-2014年9月本科采用单孔电视辅助胸腔镜行肺切除手术(肺叶切除术和限局性肺切除术)治疗肺部疾病100例,对全部病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果: 全组100例患者中男性39例,女性61例,平均年龄(54.6±10.9)岁;成功行单孔电视辅助胸腔镜肺叶切除术52例,限局性肺切除术44例,4例分别因肺门黏连严重(1例)和术中难以控制的出血(叶间肺动脉破裂2例,肺静脉破裂1例)而中转开胸手术。术后病理诊断为非小细胞肺癌患者63例,肺良性疾病患者37例,平均手术时间(124±66)min,术中平均出血量(100±65) mL,平均胸腔引流时间(4.1±3.0)d,平均住院时间(8.3±3.6)d,术后无围术期并发症,无术后30 d内死亡,所有患者均康复出院。结论: 单孔电视辅助胸腔镜肺切除手术是一种安全、可行的微创手术新方式,值得在胸外科临床推广应用。     

完全胸腔镜下肺叶切除183例临床分析

目的 探讨完全胸腔镜下肺叶解剖切除术治疗肺部多种疾病的可行性及安全性.方法 采用完全胸腔镜(completely video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,c-VATS)施行肺叶切除术治疗肺部疾病183例,其中术前诊断为肺癌152例,cTNM分期为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期的周围型肺癌(T1N0M0-T1N1M0),良性肺部疾病31例,支气管扩张10例,肺错构瘤10例,肺结核瘤10例,肺囊肿1例,都施行了解剖肺叶切除术,152例肺癌患者再加系统淋巴结清扫术.结果 中转改成辅助小切口3例,183例在全胸腔镜下完成手术,对确诊为肺癌者清扫纵隔淋巴结4组以上,每例(8±3)颗.手术时间(210±50)分钟,术中失血量(100±50)mL.术后胸腔置管时间(4±2)天.全组病例切口Ⅰ期愈合,无严重并发症发生,全组无死亡.术后住院时间6-14天,平均8天.结论 完全胸腔镜下肺叶解剖切除术是一种对机体损伤小、出血少、患者术后恢复快的微创新技术,严格掌握手术适应证和术者手术操作娴熟是手术成功的关键.     

电视胸腔镜肺段切除术11例报道

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜肺段切除术的手术适应证、手术方法及要点。方法:回顾性分析我院胸外科2014年1月~2015年8月接受VATS肺段切除术的11例患者的病例资料,分析手术适应证、手术时间、淋巴结清扫及术后恢复状况。结果:本组患者手术时间135~251min,平均(194±45)min;术中出血量210~560 m L,平均(320±40)m L;肺癌患者平均清扫淋巴结数(9.3±4.1)枚;术后胸腔引流时间3~9 d,平均(5.2±2.3)d;术后住院时间7~16 d,平均(11.3±4.5)d;术后病理包括肺腺癌6例、肺鳞癌2例,肺隔离症1例,错构瘤1例、炎性假瘤1例。结论:VATS肺段切除术是一种安全可行的术式,适合年龄偏大或患有较严重基础性肺部疾病及早期肺癌(Ⅰa期)患者。     

电视胸腔镜辅助下87例肺切除术临床分析

目的 总结电视胸腔镜(video assisted thoracoscopic surgery, VATS)辅助下肺切除术治疗肺部疾病的经验.方法 回顾分析本科1993年4月至2006年9月在VATS辅助下行肺切除术治疗肺部疾病87例.其中原发性支气管肺癌38例,均在辅助小切口下行肺叶切除术;炎性假瘤17例、结核瘤21例、错构瘤3例和转移性肺癌8例,均行肺部病变局部切除术.结果 本组无手术死亡,2例术后血胸再次行VATS下止血,4例发生肺部感染,其余均恢复顺利.结论 电视胸腔镜行肺切除手术,具有创伤小,恢复快和安全可靠的优点,但要注意掌握手术指征.     

胸腔镜精准肺段切除治疗肺部磨玻璃样结节的临床效果观察

目的观察胸腔镜精准肺段切除治疗肺部磨玻璃样结节的临床效果。方法回顾性分析行胸腔镜下精准肺段切除治疗的61例肺部磨玻璃样结节患者的临床资料,术前均应用Mimics软件行三维计算机断层扫描支气管血管成像(3D-CTBA),辨认靶段血管及支气管,规划手术路径。分析患者的手术相关指标、术后并发症、术后病理结果及随访情况。结果 61例患者均在胸腔镜下完成手术,无中转开放手术。手术时间为(157.2±32.2)min,术中出血量为(31.6±28.4)mL,术后胸管平均留置时间4 d,术后平均住院时间为7 d。非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者常规行淋巴结采样,共采样淋巴结448枚,平均(8.3±3.7)枚,均未见淋巴结转移。术后并发症:肺部感染1例,乳糜胸1例,肺漏气6例,少量咯血2例,心律失常3例。61例患者中,良性肺结节8例(其中1例患者两处肺结节病理分别为非典型腺瘤样增生及软骨瘤);恶性肺结节53例,其中转移性肺癌2例,NSCLC 51例。对59例手术患者(2例转移性肺癌患者除外)定期随访,随访时间12～36个月,其间无远处转移或复发病例,无死亡病例。结论对肺部磨玻璃样结节在3D-CTBA技术支持下行胸腔镜下精准肺段切除,有利于术者在术前详细规划手术方案、术中精细操作,从而降低手术风险及并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量,是一种安全有效的治疗方式,值得推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.