Significance of combined detection of LunX mRNA and tumor markers in diagnosis of lung carcinoma简

Objective：To evaluate the significance of combined detection of LunX mRNA,carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA）,neuron-specific enolase （NSE）,and cytokeratin 21-1 fragment （CYFRA21-1） in clinical diagnosis of lung carcinoma.Methods：Based on the quantitative RT-PCR and chemiluminescence immunoassay,the expression levels of LunX mRNA,CEA,NSE,and CYFRA21-1 in 113 patients with lung carcinoma （case group） and 30 healthy participants （control group） were detected.Meantime,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the combination detection were also explored.Results：The positive rates of LunX mRNA in peripheral blood and CEA,NSE,and CYFRA21-1 in serum were significandy higher in case group than those in control group （x2=17.295,16.825,19.148,and 17.450; P＜0.05）.There was no statistical significance when positive rate of LunX mRNA was evaluated among different pathological types （x2=0.047,P＞0.05）.The positive rate of LunX mRNA in stage Ⅰ ＋ Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ had a significandy increasing tendency （x2=10.565,32.462,P＜0.05）.The positive rate of CYFRA21-1 was highest in squamous carcinoma （78.5％）,the positive rate of NSE was highest in small cell carcinoma （86.7％）,and the positive rate of CEA wag highest in lung adenocarcinoma （80.4％）.The sensitivity and accuracy of the combination detection were 91.1％ and 88.1％,respectively.Conclusions：The combined detection of LunX mRNA and tumor markers （TMs） including CEA,NSE,and CYFRA21-1 in peripheral blood is helpful to increase the diagnostic accuracy of lmg cancer.Also,it can inform the pathological typing of lung carcinoma.     

Long non-coding RNAs in cancer简

Long non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs）, gradually being paid attention to, have been found playing a critical role in regulation of cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis, what is more, accumulating evidence indicates that IncRNAs also play a critical role in regulation of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Here, we will summarize the recent researches about some IncRNAs in the development of cancers, hoping to give a new view about the study in the mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression.     

Annual report on status of cancer in China,2010简

Objective：Population-based cancer registration data in 2010 were collected,evaluated and analyzed by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China.Cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods：There wvere 219 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and death data in 2010.All data were checked and evaluated on basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR.Total 145 registries＇ data were qualified and accepted for cancer statistics in 2010.Pooled data were stratified by urban/rural,area,sex,age group and cancer site.Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population.The top ten common cancers in different groups,proportion and cumulative rate were also calculated.Chinese census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/ mortality rates.Results：All 145 cancer registries （63 in urban and 82 in rural） covered a total of 158,403,248 population （92,433,739 in urban and 65,969,509 in rural areas）.The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010,respectively.The morphology verified cases （MV％） accounted for 67.11％ and 2.99％ of incident cases were identified through death certifications only （DCO％） with mortality to incidence ratio （M/I） of 0.61.The crude incidence rate was 235.23/100,000 （268.65/100,000 in males,200.21/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC,2000） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） of 21.l 1％.The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.41/100,000 and 187.53/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas,they were 213.71/100,000 and 181.10/100,000,respectively.The crude cancer mortality in China was 148.81/100,000 （186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC,2000） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000,and the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） was 12.78％.The cancer mortality and ASMRC were 156.14/100,000 and 109.21/100,000 in urban areas,whereas in rural areas,they were 141.35/100,000 and 119.00/100,000 respectively.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,pancreas cancer,encephaloma,lymphoma,female breast cancer and cervical cancer,were the most common cancers,accounting for 75％ of all cancer cases in urban and rural areas.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,breast cancer,encephaloma,leukemia and lymphoma accounted for 80％ of all cancer deaths.Conclusions：The coverage of cancer registration population had a rapid increase and could reflect cancer burden in each area and population.As the basis of cancer control program,cancer registry plays an irreplaceable role in cancer epidemic surveillance,evaluation of cancer control programs and making anticancer strategy.China is facing serious cancer burden and prevention and control should be enhanced.     

Dosimetric evaluation of a beam matching procedure简

Objective:The dosimetric characteristics for linear accelerators with the same model, and nominal energy are known to be very similar, as long as the machines are unaltered from the manufacturer’s original specifications. In this pre-liminary study, a quantitative investigation of the similarity in the basic photon and electron dosimetry data from the Siemens Oncor linear accelerators at our hospital (Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt) was reported. Methods:The output factor (OF), wedge factors (WF), percentage depth dose (PDD), and beam profile for the 6 and 10 MV photon beams were measured. Results:The measured output factors varied by less than about 1%for each field size. The dif erence between the maximum and minimum PDD values at each depth was less than about 1%. The dif erence between the beam flattnes and symetry was no more than 1%at al of-axis distances. For electron the results showed that the PDD, OF, and the beam profiles were matched within 1%dif erences. Conclusion:These results strongly suggest that it is feasible to establish one reference photon and electron dosimetry data set for the two machines and nominal energies.     

The impact of beta-elemene on beta-tubulin of human hepatoma hepg2 cells简

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of beta-elemene injection on the growth and beta-tubulin of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods:cellproliferation was assessed by MTT assay. cellcycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The mRNA expression of beta-tubulin was measured by RT-PCR. West-ern blot analysis was used to determine protein expression of beta-tubulin and the polymerization of beta-tubulin. Results:Beta-elemene injection inhibited HepG2 cells proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner;FCM analysis indicated beta-elemene injection induced cellcycle arrested at S phase. RT-PCR and western-blot analysis showed that beta-elemene injection down-regulated beta-tubulin expression at both mRNA and protein levels, presenting a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, beta-elemene injection reduced the polymerization of microtubules in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion:Beta-elemene injection can inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma HepG2 cells, the mechanism might be partly related to the down-regulation of beta-tubulin and inhibition of microtubular polymerization.     

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on tumor vasculogenic mimicry in liver cancer xenograft model

Objective: As a novel blood supply pattern, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has attracted increasingly attention in re-cent years, which may partly compensate for the absence of feeding and facilitate tumor ...     

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on tumor vasculogenic mimicry in liver cancer xenograft mode

Objective： As a novel blood supply pattern, vasculogenic mimicry （VM） has attracted increasingly attention in recent years, which may partly compensate for the absence of feeding and facilitate tumor perfusion. However, anti-angiogenic drugs have little effect on VM. The grape seed proanthocyanidins （GSPs）, a kind of promising bioactive phytochemical, has shown anti-carcinogenesis and anti-angiogenic in several tumor models. However, GSPs regulation of VM and its possible mechanisms in a H22 hepatoma carcinoma model remain not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of GSPs on proliferation and VM in a H22 hepatoma carcinoma model and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods： Seventy-five mice were divided into the control group and experimental groups treated with different concentration of GSPs. CD34-PAS dual staining was employed to identify the VM structure. The immunohistochemical staining for investigating the expression of VEGF, EphA2 and MMP-2 protein was performed. Results： Treatment of the H22 model with Endostar （4 mg/kg）, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg of the GSPs resulted in 6.87%, 17.81%, 27.43%, 53.52% inhibition in tumor growth, respectively. The mean weight of tumors were significantly lower in GSPs （100 mg/kg） and GSPs （200 mg/kg） groups than in the control group （all P 〈 0.01）. Similarly, compared with the control group, the number of VM channels were significantly reduced in GSPs （100 mg/kg） and GSPs （200 mg/kg） groups （all P 〈 0.01）. Immunohistochemistry showed significant decreases in the expression levels of VEGF, EphA2 and MMP-2 protein in GSPs （100 mg/kg） and GSPs （200 mg/kg） groups when compared with control group （all P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： This is the first report providing evidence that GSPs inhibit the VM structure by regulation of the VEGF/EphA2/MMPs signaling pathway. Therefore, we concluded that GSPs has the potential of being a clinical anti-VM inhibitor.     

Sonodynamic therapy inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model

Studies of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) have mainly focused on its direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Its effects on the tumor microenvironment, especially angiogenesis, remain unknown. In this study, we found that SDT significantly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation. Furthermore, in a tumor xenograft mouse model, SDT was found to remarkably suppress tumor growth, intratumoral vascularity, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in tumor cells. An ultrastructural study showed damage and disruption of tumor microvasculature after STD. Our results indicate that SDT inhibits neovascularization in tumor, which is partially responsible for the anti-tumor effect of SDT.     

Interleukin-12 inhibits tumor growth in a novel angiogenesis canine hemangiosarcoma xenograft model

We established a canine hemangiosarcoma cell line derived from malignant endothelial cells comprising a spontaneous tumor in a dog to provide a renewable source of endothelial cells for studies of angiogenesis in malignancy. Pieces of the hemangiosarcoma biopsy were engrafted subcutaneously in a bg/nu/XID mouse allowing the tumor cells to expand in vivo. A cell line, SB-HSA, was derived from the xenograft. SB-HSA cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1 and 2, CD31, CD146, and alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, and produced several growth factors and cytokines, including VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin (IL)-8 that are stimulatory to endothelial cell growth. These results indicated that the cells recapitulated features of mitotically activated endothelia. In vivo, SB-HSA cells stimulated robust angiogenic responses in mice and formed tumor masses composed of aberrant vascular channels in immunocompromised mice providing novel opportunities for investigating the effectiveness of antiangiogenic agents. Using this model, we determined that IL-12, a cytokine with both immunostimulatory and antiangiogenic effects, suppressed angiogenesis induced by, and tumor growth of, SB-HSA cells. The endothelial cell model we have described offers unique opportunities to pursue further investigations with IL-12, as well as other antiangiogenic approaches in cancer therapy.     

地塞米松对小鼠H_(22)肿瘤生长及血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

 目的　探讨地塞米松对小鼠H2 2 肿瘤生长及血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)表达的影响。方法　BALB c小鼠皮下接种H2 2 肿瘤细胞 ,腹腔注射地塞米松 ,每天测肿瘤直径。用抗CD31单抗对肿瘤组织做免疫组化微血管计数。噻唑蓝法检测地塞米松对体外培养的H2 2 细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞ECV 30 4增殖的影响。RT PCR法测定肿瘤组织和体外培养细胞的VEGFmRNA表达。结果　地塞米松可以显著抑制体内H2 2 肿瘤的生长 ,给药组肿瘤体积与对照组比较P <0 .0 5。给药组微血管计数和VEGFmRNA表达比对照组显著减少。体外实验中 ,随着地塞米松浓度的增加 ,ECV 30 4细胞的增殖率降低 ;H2 2 细胞中VEGFmR NA表达下降。结论　地塞米松可以显著抑制小鼠H2 2 肿瘤的生长。地塞米松对体内H2 2 肿瘤组织和体外H2 2 细胞的VEGFmRNA表达均有显著的抑制作用。地塞米松对肿瘤细胞VEGF表达的抑制作用可能是其抗H2 2 肿瘤及抗血管生成的一个重要原因。     

百合多糖联合大蒜素对肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及血清细胞因子水平的影响

目的:探讨百合多糖联合大蒜素对肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及血清细胞因子水平的影响。方法:雄性 BALB/c小鼠腋下注射肝癌H22细胞计数瘤液建立荷瘤模型,分为百合多糖组（100 mg/kg）、大蒜素组（40 mg/kg）、百合多糖低剂量+大蒜素组（50 mg/kg+40 mg/kg）、百合多糖中剂量+大蒜素组（100 mg/kg+40 mg/kg）、百合多糖高剂量+大蒜素组（150 mg/kg+40 mg/kg）、正常组、模型组和环磷酰胺组（30 mg/kg）。处理7 d后,观察小鼠的肿瘤重量,计算抑瘤率;胸腺、脾脏称重,计算胸腺指数和脾脏指数;ELISA法检测血清免疫相关细胞因子IL-18、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6水平及促血管生长因子VEGF水平。结果:大蒜素组、百合多糖中剂量+大蒜素组、百合多糖高剂量+大蒜素组抑瘤率分别为27.27%、34.68%和30.64%。百合多糖中剂量+大蒜素组和百合多糖高剂量+大蒜素组胸腺指数明显高于模型组(P<0.01)。百合多糖高剂量+大蒜素组较模型组明显升高IL-18水平(P<0.01)。百合多糖中剂量+大蒜素组TNF-α水平高于模型组(P<0.05)。百合多糖中剂量+大蒜素组较模型组明显升高IL-2水平(P<0.01)。百合多糖高剂量+大蒜素组较模型组降低VEGF水平(P<0.05)。结论:百合多糖联合大蒜素能抑制肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长,提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数,并促进小鼠分泌免疫相关细胞因子IL-18、TNF-α、IL-2,减少分泌VEGF。     

ProstaCaid inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model of human prostate cancer

We have recently demonstrated that the dietary supplement ProstaCaid (PC) inhibits growth and invasive behavior of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated toxicity and whether PC suppresses growth of prostate cancer in a xenograft model of human prostate cancer cells implanted in mice. Here, we show that an oral administration of PC (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) did not affect body weight or activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and did not show any sign of toxicity in liver, spleen, kidney, lung and heart tissues in mice. In addition, PC treatment resulted in the inhibition of tumor volumes (1024.6 ± 378.6 vs. 749.3 ± 234.3, P<0.001) in a xenograft model of prostate cancer with human hormone refractory (independent) PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of expression of CDKN1A (p21) and inhibition of expression of IGF2, NR2F2 and PLAU (uPA) genes by an oral administration of PC in prostate cancer xenografts. Our study demonstrates that the concentrations of the dietary supplement ProstaCaid tested did not show signs of toxicity, and its oral application has significant anticancer activity in vivo and can be considered as an alternative treatment for prostate cancer patients.