门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成相关因素分析

目的探讨门静脉高压症术后门静血栓形成（Portal Vein Thrombosis,PVT）相关因素。方法回顾性分析我院2001年04月至2008年12月采用脾肾分流术加贲门周围血管离断联合手术和贲门周围血管离断术治疗129例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料,对患者年龄、性别、门静脉直径、门脉脉直径、门静脉血流流速的变化、门静脉压力变化、血小板数值等相关指标监测分析,评估门静脉高压症患者术后门静者术后门静脉血栓形成相关因素。结果门静脉高压症患者术后门静脉血栓形率为15．50％（20／129）,其中断流手术后门静脉系统血栓形成率为18．18％（16／88）,联合手术后血栓形成率为9．76％（4／41）。血栓组患者门静脉主干直径、脾静脉直径较非血栓组患者增宽,有显著性差异。术后血全组PV、SV的流速下降显著（P〈0．05）。血栓组患者术前、术后门静脉压力均较无血栓组患者低,有统计不差异（P〈0．05）年龄,性别,肝功能child—pugh分级,凝血酶原时间,术后血小板增高等因素不是脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成的危检因素。结论门脉高压脾切除术后门静脉主干直径、脾静直径增宽,门静系统血液流速减缓,门静脉压力降低有显著性差异,是门脉高压脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成的危除因素。进一步的大样本的随机对照临床研究对解决这个问题是必要的和重要的。     

门静脉高压症外科手术后门静脉系统血栓形成

目的：探讨门静脉高压症外科手术后门静脉系统血栓形成率及原因.方法：回顾性分析我院近8年采用脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术治疗233例病人门静脉高压症的临床资料,并应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉流速.结果：断流手术后门静脉系统血栓形成率为91.06%,且均有脾静脉血栓形成,门静脉主干血栓形成占其中25.89%,联合手术后血栓形成率为10.91%.与术前相比,血栓组术后门静脉（PV）和脾静脉（SV）流速下降显著,无血栓组术后PV和SV的流速无显著下降.术后血栓组SV的流速与无血栓组病人比较有非常显著的降低.血栓组和无血栓组在术前和术后的相同时间,病人血小板无显著性差异,PT延长时间两组手术前后及两组间均无显著性差异.结论：门静脉高压症断流手术后门静脉系统血栓形成率高达91.06%,且均有脾静脉血栓形成.门静脉系统血液流速减缓在术后门静脉系统血栓形成中起重要作用.脾切除后病人血小板升高并非是形成血栓的主要原因.脾肾静脉分流联合断流术在减少门静脉系统血栓形成中有很大优势.     

门静脉高压症手术后门静脉血栓形成的原因

目的 探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成的原因.方法 回顾分析我院2010年2月至2013年2月132例因肝硬化门静脉高压症行脾切除患者的临床资料,包括对年龄、性别、肝功能、血小板、门静脉血流流速的变化等相关指标监测分析.结果 门静脉高压症患者术后门静脉血栓形成率为17.4％ （23/132）,与无血栓组比较,血栓组患者术中门静脉血流速度显著下降（P＜0.05）,年龄、性别、肝功能、血小板等指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 门静脉血流速度降低可能是门体断流术后门静脉血栓形成的主要影响因素.     

门静脉系统抗凝预防断流术后门静脉系血栓形成

目的 探讨门静脉高压症断流术后门静脉系血栓形成的预防方法。方法 将７１例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者分为２组：Ａ组３６例在断流术中经脾静脉分支插入抗凝管,术后行门静脉系统凝治疗;Ｂ组３５例断流术后未行门静脉系抗凝治疗。结果 术后３个月内彩超检查,Ａ组门静脉系均未见血栓形成,Ｂ组门静脉系血栓形成１３例（３７．１４％）。结论 门静脉系统抗凝治疗是预防门静脉高压症断流术后门静脉系血栓形成的有效方法。     

脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术后门静脉系统血栓发生率及其防治

目的 探讨门静脉高压症术后门静脉系统血栓（portal venous system thrombosis,PVST）形成的原因及其防治措施。方法 对132例门静脉高压症患者行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,术中均经胃网膜右静脉置入导管测压并留置导管,其中36例患者（设为试验组,其余设为对照组）术中增加脾静脉近端结扎。术后早期经导管滴注肝素盐水预防血栓,或发生血栓后滴注尿激酶溶栓,出院后口服华法林,使预防和治疗血栓的效果分别达到国际标准化比值（INR）维持于1.5~2.0和2.0~3.0,并直至血小板数量恢复正常。结果 术后2周内发生PVST共132例（100%）,血栓分布：残余脾静脉血栓132例（100%）,门静脉血栓（PVT）39例（29.5%）。在39例PVT中,门静脉主干血栓33例,主干血栓均与残余脾静脉血栓相连,其中15例血栓最大横截面积<50%,14例血栓最大横截面积≥50%,4例为完全性血栓;肠系膜上静脉血栓6例,其中4例合并门静脉主干血栓并与肠系膜上静脉血栓相连,2例存在门静脉分支血栓且肠系膜上静脉血栓与脾静脉血栓相连。39例PVT中,门静脉左支血栓21例,门静脉右支血栓18例;PVT 2处及以上者25例。在试验组36例脾静脉近端结扎的患者中,发生门静脉主干血栓1例（2.8%）;在对照组未采用脾静脉近端结扎的96例中发生PVT 38例（39.6%）,两者对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。对39例PVT采用抗凝及溶栓治疗,其中33例在术后6个月获得随访并进行CT检查,发现血栓消失、机化再通和海绵样变各23例、7例和3例。结论 肝硬化门静脉高压症行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术后早期残余脾静脉内易形成血栓,残余脾静脉血栓向门静脉内蔓延是发生术后PVT的主要原因。脾静脉近端结扎的预防效果显著,经胃网膜右静脉留置导管,术后滴注肝素盐水和溶栓剂兼具预防和治疗双重作用,口服华法林效果确切但需检测凝血功能。     

脾静脉插管推注肝素预防断流术后近期门静脉系血栓形成

目的探讨门静脉高压症断流术后门静脉系血栓形成的预防措施。方法对门静脉高压症行脾切除联合断流术的48例患者行脾静脉插管,外接给药泵固定于体外。术后每天经给药泵注入肝素盐水．2-3周后拔管。结果术后3周内门静脉系无血栓形成,术后3个月血栓形成3例（6．25％）。结论经脾静脉插管外接给药泵注入肝素是预防门静脉高压症断流术后门静脉系血栓形成的有效方法。     

超声多普勒检测联合门奇断流术前后门静脉血流变化

采用超声多普勒检测了60例肝硬化门脉高压症患者门静脉血流和联合断流术前后门静脉血流的变化。结果是肝硬化门脉高压症患者门静脉主干内径增宽,流速减慢,血流量增大;术后门静脉主干内径明显缩小,流速显著减慢,血流量显著减少;术后4～18个月,门静脉血流逐渐恢复,接近手术前水平。术后门静脉血栓发生率是13.3％。     

经脾静脉置管预防脾切除断流术后早期门静脉血栓

目的 评价经脾静脉置管抗凝治疗对脾切除断流术后门静脉血栓形成的预防效果及安全性.方法 60例择期行脾切除断流术的门脉高压上消化道出血患者随机分为置管组和对照组,采用超声多普勒和（或）强化螺旋CT 扫描监测术后门静脉血栓形成情况.结果 60例患者全部随访3个月,对照组累计门静脉血栓发生率为56.7%,置管组为16.7%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）.经脾静脉置管以200U/h的剂量输入肝素溶液对体循环静脉血凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间无影响.结论 断流术后经脾静脉置管抗凝治疗能有效降低门脉高压脾切除断流术后早期门静脉血栓形成,是安全可行的.     

门静脉高压症门静脉血栓形成的机制研究

目的:探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症病人术后门静脉系统血栓形成的原因。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至12月间收治资料完整的40例肝硬化门静脉高压症病人术前术后的临床资料,分析术前术后门静脉系统血栓形成与凝血功能及血流动力学状况之间的关系。结果:术前在有无门静脉系统血栓形成的两组间各项凝血功能参数均无统计学差异,唯门静脉血流速度在血栓组较无血栓组显著减慢(P     

脾切除断流术后脾静脉和门静脉血栓形成的发生率为多少？是什么原因？能否预防？

有关断流手术和脾静脉、门静脉系统血栓发生已有很多报道,但其结果不一致,血栓发生率为13．4％～35．5％。我们在术后通过磁共振检查发现,脾切除、断流手术后门静脉系统血栓发生率高达91．06％,远高于其他报道,且所有血栓形成病人均有脾静脉血栓,门静脉主干血栓形成占其中的25．89％。     

Exclusion of nonisolated splenic vein in distal splenorenal shunt for prevention of portal malcirculation.

In an attempt to prevent portoprival malcirculation after distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS), a splenic hilar renal shunt (HRS) with proximal flush ligation of splenic vein was designed. To accomplish this procedure, two methods were compared: HRS alone (Group A) and HRS plus proximal flush ligation of the splenic vein (Group B). In Group A, which included 20 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, angiographic as well as pulsed Doppler flowmetric follow-up study revealed a portal thrombosis in two patients and severe narrowing of a portal vein in another two. Considerable stealing flow was observed in these four patients. In the Group B series, which included 33 cirrhotic patients, there were no gross changes in the portal hemodynamics. Normal prograde portal flow was confirmed by Doppler flowmeter in this series including 14 patients of more than 8 months after surgery. When the amount of nonisolated splenic vein embedded in the pancreas is minimized, portal malcirculation after distal splenorenal shunt can, to a great extent, be prevented.     

Splenic artery ligation in distal splenorenal shunts

Splenic artery ligation, a simple surgical procedure expected to decrease splenic flow and portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, was performed concomitantly with a distal splenorenal shunt procedure in six patients and as the main surgical procedure in two patients. Immediate cessation of bleeding was achieved in the four patients in whom the splenic artery was ligated to reduce intraoperative bleeding. However, three of the seven patients with previous gastroesophageal hemorrhage rebled from various postoperatively. Symptoms of splenic infarction were observed in six patients, resulting in thrombosis of the splenic vein and/or of the distal splenorenal shunt in four patients and necessitating splenectomy in one. This incidence of thrombosis of the distal splenorenal shunt is much higher than the overall incidence of 5 per cent observed at our institution. It is thus concluded that the splenic artery should not be ligated in cirrhotic patients with patent distal splenorenal shunts, since splenic arterial collateral vessels have already been reduced by the gastric devascularization, an integral component of the distal splenorenal shunt.     

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??Risk factors of portal vein thrombosis after surgery for cirrhotic portal hypertension LU Xiang, ZHAO Qing-chuan, HAN Guo-hong, et al. Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Disease, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
Corresponding author: ZHAO Qing-chuan, E-mail: zhaoqc@fmmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To study the risk factors of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after surgery for cirrhotic portal hypertension. Methods The clinical data of 87 consecutive patients received splenorenal shunt combined with devascularization or splenectomy combined with devascularization between March 2008 and August 2010 in Xijing Hospital of Digestive Disease, Fourth Military Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Results The overall incidence of PVT was 17.24% (15/87). In patients performed splenectomy combined with devascularization and performed splenorenal shunt combined with devascularization, the incidence was 19.70% (13/66) and 9.52% (2/21) respectively. Wider portal vein diameter, slower portal blood flow, increased portal vein pressure, higher levels of D-dimer and cholesterol were correlated with the incidence of PVT positively in the univariate analyze (all P<0.05). No significant difference of age, sex, Child-Pugh class, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and platelets count between patients with and without PVT was detected. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that increased levels of D-dimer (OR=8.083??P=0.014) and cholesterol (OR=5.888??P=0.017) were independent risk factors of PVT after surgery. Conclusion Higher levels of D-dimer and cholesterol indicate a higher incidence of PVT after surgery for cirrhotic portal hypertension. It is necessary to detect the level of D-dimer and cholesterol for the prevention of PVT.     

脾腔分流联合断流术后门静脉系统血栓形成的临床分析

目的 探讨脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症术后门静脉系统血栓形成的临床特征,为防治提供线索.方法 回顾性分析接受脾腔静脉分流联合断流术治疗的110例门静脉高压症病人及接受断流术的92例病人术后门静脉血栓形成、诊治以及继发消化道再出血情况,并比较两种术式对门静脉系统血栓形成的影响.结果 联合手术组术后门静脉系统血栓发生率10.O%,再出血率3.6%,低于断流组的22.8%(P<0.05)和10.8%(P<0.05).结论 脾腔静脉分流联合断流术是减少门静脉系统血栓形成的理想术式,术后早期抗凝治疗对预防血栓形成具有重要意义.     

肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的原因分析

目的 探讨肝硬化门静脉高压患者行脾脏切除+贲门周围血管离断术后门静脉系统血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)形成的原因.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年1月至2010年1月204例肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症行手术治疗患者的临床资料.结果 其中150例行脾切除+贲门周围血管离断术,54例行脾脏部分切除术+贲门周围血管离断术.术后发生PVT30例,未发生PVT174例;发生PVT患者的门静脉和脾静脉直径、术后门静脉血液流速及术后并发症与未发生PVT患者有显著性差异(P<0.05),脾脏部分切除术后患者PVT的发生率明显比脾脏切除患者低,有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 门静脉和脾静脉直径、门静脉血液流速及术后并发症是肝硬化门脉高压症脾切+贲门周围血管离断术后PVT形成的危险因素,脾脏部分切除术可有效减少断流术后PVT的发生.     

选择性断流术对门静脉系统血栓形成的影响

目的 探讨选择性断流术对肝硬化门静脉高压症患者术后门静脉系统血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)发生率及血栓发生严重程度的影响.方法 收集我院普外科28例因门静脉高压症行选择性断流术的临床资料,比较术前1周、术后2周、术后2个月及术后6个月血栓发生情况.结果 (1)门静脉高压症患者门静脉系统血栓形成手术前后均与门静脉血流速度呈负相关,术前与血小板数目呈负相关,但术后无明显相关性.(2)选择J生断流术术后门静脉系统血栓发生率较高,且术后6个月内Ⅱ级以上血栓发生率有所上升.结论 选择性断流术患者术后较长时间内,尤其是术后6个月内,应积极随访门静脉系统血栓情况.