ADx-ARMS方法检测晚期非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本癌细胞基因突变的临床意义

目的:探讨应用ADx-ARMS方法检测非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本癌细胞基因突变应用于指导小分子EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKIs）治疗的可行性与临床意义。方法:ADx-ARMS检测24例非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本EGFR基因第19、20和21外显子突变与KRAS基因第2外显子突变。统计分析胸水标本与前期检测过的非小细胞肺癌组织中的EGFR、KRAS突变率差异。结果:24例胸水标本中,EGFR突变与KRAS突变分别为14例（58.3%）和1例（4.2%）。前期检测过的非小细胞肺癌组织EGFR和KRAS突变率分别为47.6%和4.5%。EGFR和KRAS突变率在胸水标本与前期肺癌组织中差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:对失去手术机会而难以获得组织标本的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,可应用ADx-ARMS方法选择胸水标本筛查EGFR、KRAS基因突变,从而指导EGFR-TKIs的临床应用。     

非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因突变的临床意义研究

  目的   探讨非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因外显子突变与其临床病理特征的关系。   方法   利用ADx-ARMS?EGFR基因突变检测试剂盒,检测214例未接受过Gefitinib治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者组织中EGFR基因外显子18、19、20和21突变。   结果   非小细胞肺癌组织中EGFR基因总突变率为45.8%（98/214）,外显子18、19、20和21的突变率分别为0.93%（2/214）、22.0%（47/214）、2.3%（5/ 214）和20.6%（44/214）。另有2例19和21外显子双重突变。EGFR基因在肺腺癌组织中的总突变率为50.3%（93/185）明显高于肺鳞状细胞癌17.2%（5/29）（P=0.001）。EGFR基因在女性患者中的突变率57.0%（57/100）高于男性36.0%（41/114）（P=0.002）,EGFR基因在NSCLC淋巴结转移患者中的突变率（66.7%）显著高于无淋巴结转移患者（39.5%）（P < 0.05）,但EGFR基因突变率与肺癌患者的年龄、肿瘤分级和临床分期均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。   结论   中国肺癌尤其是肺腺癌患者存在EGFR基因的较高突变率,EGFR外显子19、21突变结合肺癌的临床病理特征有望成为评估TKI治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效的分子标志。      

超声引导粗针活检在非小细胞肺癌诊断及EGFR基因突变检测中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导下粗针活检在周围型非小细胞肺癌的诊断及EGFR基因突变检测中应用价值.方法:31例周围型非小细胞肺癌患者行超声引导下肺肿块粗针活检术,活检小标本行病理学检测及PCR法EGFR基因突变分析.结果:31例非小细胞肺癌活检小标本取材满意率100％,穿刺定性诊断符合率100％,EGFR基因检出率100％,并发症发生率3.2％.病理结果:腺癌25例、鳞癌2例、腺鳞癌3例、肉瘤样癌1例.31例非小细胞肺癌活检小标本中,检测到EGFR基因突变11例,阳性率35.5％.其中5例为第19外显子框内多核苷酸缺失,5例为第21外显子L858R突变,1例为联合突变L861Q/G719X(第18外显子G719X突变和第21外显子L861Q突变).结论:超声引导下肺肿块粗针活检术简便、安全、有效,能明确周围型非小细胞肺癌的诊断,是非小细胞肺癌获得肿瘤组织检测EGFR基因突变的可靠方法.     

非小细胞肺癌胸腔积液与配对肿瘤组织中EGFR基因突变检测的比较

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌胸腔积液与配对肿瘤组织标本中EGFR基因突变检测结果的一致性,评价胸腔积液标本检测EGFR基因突变的应用价值.方法:收集非小细胞肺癌患者胸腔积液与配对肿瘤组织样本72例,采用ARMS方法,检测样本中EGFR基因第18~21外显子突变情况.结果:细胞学样本和组织学样本中EGFR基因突变阳性率分别为48.61%和51.39%,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),二者一致率为92.11%,不一致率为7.89%.结论:二者的一致率较高,恶性胸水可以作为无法获得肿瘤组织的晚期非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因检测的有效样本.     

扩增耐突变系统对非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体基因突变的检测

目的:探讨扩增耐突变系统检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者肿瘤组织EGFR基因突变的应用价值.方法:选取70例NSCLC患者的病理切片,提取基因组DNA,分别使用EGFR外显子19和21突变检测试剂盒检测EGFR外显子19和21的突变情况,并结合临床资料进行分析.结果:70例肺癌组织中检出EGFR基因突变29例,基因突变检出率为41.4％,其中外显子19突变20例(69.0％),外显子21突变9例(31.0％);腺癌基因突变23例(79.3％),检出率为51.1％;鳞癌基因突变6例(20.7％),检出率为24.0％;肺泡癌基因突变4例(13.8％),检出率为66.7％.女性、不吸烟和肺腺癌患者的EGFR 2个外显子基因突变率均较高,P＜0.01.结论:NSCLC患者EGFR基因突变主要表现为外显子19和21的突变,女性、肺腺癌和不吸烟的患者多见.     

超声引导下肺肿块粗针活检在NSCLC患者EGFR 基因突变检测中的价值

目的探究超声引导下肺肿块粗针活检在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变检测中的价值。方法回顾性分析96例NSCLC患者临床资料。96例NSCLC患者均采用超声引导下肺肿块粗针活检,分析穿刺成功率及EGFR基因突变检测结果。结果 96例患者均采用16G粗针活检,并顺利完成穿刺活检,取材满意率100.00%;96例患者病理均确诊为NSCLC,其中腺癌、鳞癌、腺鳞癌、肉瘤样癌各有77例、6例、8例、5例。穿刺术后有1例患者出现咯血,采用止血药物治疗后缓解;2例患者出现针道少许渗血,但未做特殊处理,观察1～2 h后无不适反应。96例NSCLC患者中检测EGFR基因突变有44例,突变率为45.83%(44/96),其中20例为外显子19突变;16例为外显子21突变,4例为外显子20突变,4例为外显子20、21均突变。结论超声引导下肺肿块粗针活检有利于准确诊断NSCLC并检测EGFR基因突变情况,是一种安全有效的取材手段,具有临床应用安全、简便且易于推广等优势,可为临床分子靶向药物的治疗提供确切依据。     

176例非小细胞肺癌的EGFR基因突变分析

目的 分析非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中上皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变的发生率和突变类型。方法 收集123例正常肺组织和176例肺癌组织,采用PCR扩增和基因测序方法,对组织DNA中EGFR外显子19～21基因突变进行分析。结果 正常肺组织中EGFR基因均为野生型,肺癌组织中EGFR基因突变检测率为32．4％（57／176例）,其中,外显子19和21突变分别占突变总数的64．9％（37／57例）和31．6％（18／57例）,外显子20突变少见,仅占3．5％（2／57例）。外显子19突变发生在第746～753位密码子,均为碱基缺失突变,有7种不同类型。外显子20突变发生在第789—793位密码子,为碱基替换突变。外显子21突变全部是第858位密码子碱基替换突变。EGFR基因突变多见于女性,肺腺癌和腺鳞癌。结论 EGFR基因突变是一种肿瘤特异性的体细胞遗传改变,突变发生率约占肺癌总数的1／3,其中以外显子19和21为主。女性、肺腺癌和腺鳞癌中突变多见。     

超声引导下粗针活检对非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因突变检测的应用价值

目的:探讨超声引导下粗针活检对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC）EGFR基因突变检测的诊断价值。方法:24例临床诊断为Ⅱ-Ⅳ期的非小细胞肺癌患者,采用美国Bard自动活检枪及14～18G活检针经超声引导下行肿块穿刺,穿刺标本行病理学检测及PCR法EGFR基因突变分析。结果:6例采用14G针,17例采用16G针,1例采用18G针,取材满意率为100%,所有病例穿刺活检后无严重并发症。病理诊断结果:腺癌17例,鳞癌4例,腺鳞癌2例,肉瘤样癌1例。EGFR基因突变11例,其中5例外显子19突变,4例外显子21突变,1例外显子20突变,1例外显子20、21均突变。结论:超声引导下粗针活检可作为晚期非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因检测的取材手段,可为临床药物分子靶向治疗提供依据。     

EGFR基因突变与非小细胞肺癌临床病理特征的关系

目的 研究临床病理特征及相关实验室检测指标与非小细胞肺癌患者外科手术治疗预后的关系.方法手术切除的非小细胞肺癌患者标本一共190例,采用实时荧光PCR法,检测EGFR 基因第 18、19、20 和 21 号外显子的突变情况.分析EGFR基因突变与其临床病理关系、EGFR基因突变丰度和临床特征的关系.结果 EGFR基因突变的影响因素包括:性别、吸烟史、病理分型,高危因素包括:女性、吸烟者、腺癌.190例 NSCLC 患者肿瘤组织中,成功检测出90例存在 EGFR 基因突变,EGFR 突变丰度与性别(P=0.962)、吸烟史(P=0.809)无相关性;EGFR突变丰度与病理分型相关.和非腺癌对比,腺癌患者EGFR基因突变丰度明显更高,(x2=14.110,P=0.000).术前腺癌血清VEGF水平明显低于非腺癌组,P＜0.05;术后腺癌血清CD44v6明显高于非腺癌患者,P＜0.05;术后Ⅲ～Ⅳ期组血清VEGF、CD44v6水平明显高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者,P＜0.05.结论 非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因突变的高危因素为吸烟者、女性、腺癌,与年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、吸烟史无明显相关性.     

中国人非小细胞肺癌EGFR和K-ras基因突变与临床病理特征及厄洛替尼治疗效果的关系

目的 研究中国小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者表皮生长因与受体(EGFR)和K-ras基因突变情况,探讨其与NSCLC临床病理学特征及厄洛替尼治疗效果的关系.方法 利用PCR扩增和基因测序的方法检测301例中国NSCLC患者EGFR基因第18、19、20和21外显子及K-ras基因第1213密码子的突变情况,并分析其与NSCLC临床病理学特征及厄洛替尼治疗效果的关系.结果 301例患者中,99例(32.9%)有EGFR基因突变,其中第18外显子上发生突变3例,第19外显子上发生突变59例,第20外显子上发生突变2 例,第21外显子上发生突变35例.14例(4.7%)有K-ras基因突变,其中13例位于第12密码子.无同时存在EGFR和K-ras基因突变者.腺癌、无吸烟史和女性患者EGFR基因突变率较高,分别为45.7%、48.4%和49.6%.10例服用厄洛替尼有效的患者中7例携带有EGFR基因突变.结论 中国NSCLC患者EGFR基因突变率显著高于西方人群,而K-ras基因突变率则较西方人群低.联合检测EGFR和K-ras基因的突变情况可以筛选EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗的获益人群,并较好地预测厄洛替尼治疗晚期NSCLC的疗效.     

High sensitivity detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in the pleural effusion of non-small cell lung cancer patients

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are a strong determinant of tumor response to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We attempted to elucidate the feasibility of EGFR mutation detection in cells of pleural effusion fluid. We obtained 24 samples of pleural effusion fluid from NSCLC patients. The pleural effusion fluid was centrifuged, and the cellular components obtained were used for detection. EGFR mutation status was determined by a direct sequencing method (exons 18-21) and by the Scorpion Amplified Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) method. EGFR mutations were detected in eight cases. Three mutations were detected by both methods, and the other five mutations were detected by Scorpion ARMS alone. The mutations were detected by both methods in all four partial responders among the seven patients who received gefitinib therapy. Direct sequencing detected the mutations in only two of four cases with partial response. These results suggest that the DNA in pleural effusion fluid can be used to detect EGFR mutations. The Scorpion ARMS method appears to be more sensitive for detecting EGFR mutations than the direct sequencing method.     

Low correspondence of EGFR mutations in tumor tissue and paired serum of non-small-cell lung cancer patients

Objective:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are strong determinants of tumor response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correspondence between EGFR mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer tissues and in circulating DNA.Methods:The research was conducted in 50 non-small-cell lung cancer patients who had undergone curative surgery, and in whom both serum and neoplastic tissues were available. Meanwhile sera of 33 cases of advanced NSCLC patients were also analyzed. DNA were extracted from each sample. Mutations of EGFR in exonl 8-21 were examined by PCR amplification method and direct sequencing. Results:EGFR mutations were detected in 15 (30%) of 50 neoplastic tissue samples, 6 cases were in-frame deletion del E746-A750 in exon19, 9 cases were substitution in exon 21 (all were L858R except one was L861Q), but no mutated DNA resulted in paired serum circulating DNA samples of 50 resectable patients. As the 33 advanced NSCLC patients, EGFR mutations were detected in only 2 serum circulating DNA samples, all were L858R mutation in exon 21. Conclusion:These data indicated that it was difficult to identify EGFR mutations in circulating DNA of NSCLC patients. The use of EGFR mutation in serum as a clinical method for decision making of TKI therapy is unsatisfactory.     

高通量基因测序技术检测外周血循环肿瘤DNA基因突变在非小细胞肺癌中的应用

目的:探究高通量基因测序技术检测非小细胞肺癌外周血循环肿瘤DNA基因突变的应用价值。方法:临床纳入2017年1月至2018年9月在我院就诊的40例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者入院后均经肺组织活检或气管镜检查确诊为晚期非小细胞肺癌。对患者进行病理组织石蜡切片DNA（tDNA）检测,并采集患者肘静脉血使用高通量基因测序技术检测患者外周血循环肿瘤ctDNA基因情况。对比分析tDNA与ctDNA检测对患者DNA基因突变的准确性,探讨非小细胞肺癌患者进行高通量基因测序技术检测外周血循环肿瘤DNA基因突变的应用价值。结果:40例非小细胞肺癌的外周血循环肿瘤DNA基因突变检测与组织石蜡切片比较,两种方法检测率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在高通量基因测序技术检查外周血循环肿瘤DNA中,21外显子测序结果:61号替代突变2573G→T,62/63/68号替代突变L858R（2573T→G）。19外显子测序结果:50号样品突变为del E746→A750+2235G→A,60号样品突变为del E746→A750,70号样品突变为del L747→T751,80号样品突变为del L747→S752＋2257C→T。结论:非小细胞肺癌外周血循环肿瘤DNA基因突变进行高通量基因测序技术对具体的基因突变或缺失具有较高准确性,可实时监测肿瘤DNA基因突变情况,且具有无创性、可重复应用等优点。     

Differences in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutations and Relationship with Clinicopathological Features in NSCLC Between Uygur and Han Ethnic Groups

Objective: To investigate differences in mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene andrelationships with clinicopathological features in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) betweenUygur and Han ethnic groups. Methods: The Scorpions amplification refractory mutation system (ScorpionsARMS) was used to measure mutations in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 of the EGFR gene in paraffin-embedded tumortissue from NSCLC cases, and statistical analysis was performed to investigate links with clinicopathologicalfeatures in different histological types of NSCLC. Results: Results from ARMS testing showed EGFR mutationsin tumor tissues from six (6) of 50 NSCLC patients of Uygur ethnic group, with a positive rate of 12.0%; four ofthem (4) had exon 19 deletion in EGFR, and two (2) had L858R point mutation in exon 21 of EGFR. Statisticallysignificant difference was noted in EGFR genetic mutation between adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma(P < 0.05), but no differences with gender, age group, smoking status, or stage (P > 0.05). EGFR mutations weredetected in tumor tissues from 27 of 49 NSCLC patients of Han ethnic group , with a positive rate of 55.1%;19 of them had exon 19 deletions, seven (7) had L858R point mutations in exon 21 of EGFR and one (1) hadmutations in both exon 18 G719X and exon 20 T790M of EGFR. Statistically significant differences were notedin EGFR genetic mutations between genders and between adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma (P<0.05),but not with age group, smoking status, or stage (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences werenoted in the positive rates of EGFR genetic mutations in NSCLC patients between Uygur and Han ethnic groups,with lower positive rates for the Uygur cases.     

中国非小细胞肺癌患者K-Ras和EGFR基因突变与临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨中国非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者中K-Ras和表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变情况及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法 回顾性分析2011年7月至2013年8月广州医科大学附属第一医院收治的381例NSCLC患者的临床病理特征,并应用扩增突变阻滞系统（ARMS）检测其癌组织中EGFR基因18、19、20、21外显子共21个点突变和K-Ras基因12、13密码子共6个点突变,分析其突变情况及与临床病理特征的相关性。结果 21例（5.5％）存在K-Ras基因突变,其中20例12密码子,1例13密码子Asp突变;146例（38.3％）存在EGFR突变,其中4例18外显子突变（G719S）,52例19号外显子序列缺失突变,3例20外显子序列缺失突变,85例21外显子突变（81例L858R,4例L861Q）,2例双突变。男性患者K-Ras基因突变率高于女性患者,差异有统计学意义（6.8％ vs. 2.5％, P=0.018）。EGFR基因突变与性别、吸烟史、临床分期、全身转移、病理类型均有关（P＜0.05）。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,病理类型和性别与EGFR基因突变密切相关。结论 中国NSCLC患者中EGFR突变常见,该突变与腺癌有关;K-Ras基因突变率较低,多见于男性,其他相关因素尚需进一步研究。     

Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Gene Mutation in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Northeastern Region of Thailand

Background: The use of targeted specific genes in therapeutic and treatment decisions has been considered forlung cancer. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, which is over expressed in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), was considered as one of the targeted specific genes. EGFR mutations in exons 18–21, which encode aportion of the EGFR kinase domain, were found in NSCLC patients and were associated with the response of EGFRtyrosinekinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Therefore, a molecular technique for EGFR mutation detection has importantbenefits for therapy in NSCLC patients. This study aims to determine the EGFR mutations in patients with NSCLCusing polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in exons 18-21. Methods:DNA samples were extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of NSCLC patients who attended hospital.The extracted DNA was used as a template for the EGFR gene amplification. Results: Occurrence of EGFR mutationswere found in 29 out of 50 cases (58%).The frequency of EGFR mutations by first PCR at exon 18, 19, 20 and 21were 6 (12%), 19 (38%) 20 (40%) and at 21 (42%), respectively. By PCR-SSCP, the frequencies of EGFR mutationsat exon 18, 19, 20 and 21 were 3(6%), 18(36%), 23(46%) and 13(26%), respectively. All of the mutations found werein agreement with DNA sequencings. Conclusion: The high frequency of EGFR mutations in NSCLC suggests thatPCR-SSCP is a efficient screening method and useful for treatment plan.     

Assessment of EGFR and K-ras mutations in fixed and fresh specimens from transesophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in non-small cell lung cancer patients

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, somatic EGFR and K-ras mutations predict therapeutic effectiveness and resistance, respectively, to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Transesophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a validated technique for diagnosis and staging of NSCLC. In the present study, we compared the feasibility and reliability of EGFR and K-ras gene mutation analysis in fixed and fresh mediastinal lymph nodes and extra-lymph nodal samples obtained by EUS-FNA in patients suspicious for NSCLC. Thirty-six patients were enrolled into the study. For each patient, DNA was extracted from both fresh samples and fixed cytological smears. Exons 18-21 of EGFR and exon 2 of K-ras were amplified by PCR and mutation status was determined by direct sequencing and pyrosequencing. All cases were eligible for analysis. NSCLC was diagnosed in 32 patients (25 adenocarcinomas and 7 squamous cell carcinomas) and 4 patients were free of malignancy. Of the 25 patients with adenocarcinoma, EGFR mutations were detected in 2 (8%) fresh tumor samples and in 3 (12%) fixed cytological smears. K-ras mutations were detected in 8 (32%) fresh samples, and in 9 (36%) fixed cytological smears. Fixed and stained cytological samples seem to be more reliable than fresh material for molecular analysis.     

山东地区非小细胞肺癌分子靶向治疗驱动基因表达情况及临床特征分析

背景与目的分子生物学靶向治疗已逐渐成为非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）的一个重要治疗手段,本研究通过分析山东地区NSCLC多种驱动基因表达情况及临床病理特征,为筛选分子靶向治疗目标人群提供理论依据。方法采用荧光探针PCR法检测表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）、棘皮动物微管相关蛋白4-间变性淋巴瘤激酶（echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase, EML4-ALK）、肉瘤致癌因子-受体酪氨酸激酶（ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase, ROS1）、鼠类肉瘤病毒癌基因（Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncgene, KARS）基因表达情况,回顾性分析阳性病例的临床病理特征。结果 EGFR基因突变阳性率为36.70%,主要为19、21外显子突变,突变人群主要为女性、腺癌、不吸烟患者,组间差异有统计学意义。EML4-ALK融合基因重排阳性率为9.37%。人群特征主要为60岁以下不吸烟人群,组间差异有统计学意义,基因突变与病理类型和性别间无明显差异。ROS1融合基因重排阳性率为3.67%,均为60岁以下患者,组间差异有统计学意义。23份病例标本开展KRAS基因检测,阳性标本数2例,阳性率为8.70%。2份阳性标本均为60岁以上病例,男女各占1例,病理类型均为腺癌,均无吸烟史。此外,未发现有两种基因同时突变的病例。结论 EGFR、EML4-ALK、ROS1、KARS基因在NSCLC患者中存在较高的突变率,且具有不同的人群特征,在选择靶向治疗人群中具有重要意义。     

非小细胞肺癌患者细胞学标本EGFR基因突变检测及其临床病理意义

目的: 探讨细胞学标本在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的诊断及个体化治疗中的临床应用价值。方法: 收集352例新鲜细胞学标本制片后,行常规HE染色;同时选择TTF-1、NapsinA、CK7、CEA、CD56、Syn、P63、CK5/6、WT-1、E-cadherin等抗体对来源不明的肿瘤细胞进行免疫细胞化学标记,并对明确诊断为NSCLC的病例,采用突变扩增阻滞系统(ARMS)检测表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变情况。结果: 352例患者中,345例有癌细胞。经临床及免疫细胞化学证实345例恶性细胞中,NSCLC有335例,且NSCLC细胞学标本中有302例DNA提取成功,占90.15%(302/335)。EGFR 基因检测结果显示,EGFR 共突变123例,总突变率为40.73%(123/302)。其中,第18、19、20、21外显子的突变率分别为0.99%(3/302)、19.21%(58/302)、0.66%(2/302)和19.87% (60/302); EGFR 18、19、21外显子突变占EGFR 突变总数的98.37%(121/123)显著高于EGFR 20外显子突变(P<0.05)。302例患者中,女性患者EGFR 突变率为54.35% (75/138),明显高于男性患者29.27%(48/164)(P<0.05);非吸烟患者EGFR 的突变率为51.49% (104/202),显著高于吸烟者19%(19/100)(P<0.05)。276例腺癌中EGFR 突变率44.20%(122/276);非腺癌EGFR 突变率4.34%(1/23);腺癌EGFR 突变率明显高于其他类型(P<0.05)。结论: 利用新鲜细胞学标本,结合免疫细胞化学标记和ARMS分子病理技术有助于晚期非小细胞肺癌的诊断,并为表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)个体化治疗提供可靠依据。     

EGFR在女性非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

背景与目的：近年来女性肺癌发病率的明显增加引起人们的关注.本研究主要是以女性非小细胞肺癌为研究对象,探讨表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth fator receptor,EGFR）在女性非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）中的表达及其与女性NSCLC发生、发展及预后的关系,指导女性非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗.方法：回顾性分析62例女性非小细胞肺癌手术病例临床病理资料及随访资料,用免疫组化的方法检测EGFR在女性非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达,对比分析10例非恶性肺组织中EGFR的表达,用Cox模型进行生存分析.结果：EGFR在62例女性NSCLC中的表达率70.97%,在非恶性肺组织中均呈阴性表达,两者比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;EGFR在女性腺癌的表达高于鳞癌（P＜0.05）,尤其在细支气管肺泡癌中的表达更高（P＜0.05）;EGFR表达与女性NSCLC的TNM分期及淋巴结转移呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）;EGFR高表达的女性患者生存期短、预后差（P＜0.05）;Cox比例风险模型分析表明,患者术后生存时间与病理类型、淋巴结是否转移显著相关（P＜0.05）,腺癌、有淋巴结转移是患者独立的不良预后因素.结论：女性NSCLC中EGFR的表达与患者病理类型、TNM分期及淋巴结转移有密切的关系,EGFR在女性NSCLC中高表达,可作为判断女性NSCLC病情进展及预后的重要指标,还对NSCLC女性患者的靶向治疗的选择有一定的指导意义.