The short-term efficacy of icotinib on the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer简

Objective： The aim of the study was, （1） to observe the short-term efficacy and adverse reactions of icotinib hydrochloride on the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）; （2） to explore whether there is difference in the efficacy of icotinib hydrochloride among the subgroups of sex, age, smoking history, classification of CEA, histological type, multi-line treatment and PS score. Methods： The study was conducted to collect 138 patients taking icotinib hydrochloride with advanced non-small cell lung cancer in hospitals of Dalian （China） from September 1st 2011 to June 14th 2012. All patients had taken icotinib hydrochloride （125 mg three times a day） until the disease was progressed or the adverse reactions could not be tolerated. During the period of taking it, other anti-tumor treatments were forbidden. We observed the symptoms, such as cough, short breath, hemoptysis, pain. The objective efficacy was evaluated by RECIST criteria, and the adverse reactions related to the treatment was assessed on the basis of NCl-CTC 3.0. Results： Of all patients, CR was 1 （0.7%）, PR was 59 （42.8%）, SD was 37 （26.8%）, PD was 41 （29.7%）. And ORR was 43.5% （60/138）, DCR 70.3% （97/138）. The DCR of females was 83.5% （71/85） versus 49.1% （26/53） of males. The difference of ORR and DCR between the two subgroups had statistical significance （X2 = 8.065, P = 0.05; X2 = 18.577, P = 0.000）. The difference of ORR and DCR between the subgroups of patients after or before 70 years old had no statistical significance. The difference of ORR and DCR between the subgroups of smoking and non-smoking had statistical significance （X2 = 8.492; X2 = 13.602）. The difference of ORR and DCR between the CEA subgroups had statistical significance （X2 = 14.141; X2 = 14.160）, showed 81 patients with abnormal CEA before the treatment with ORR 56.8.0% （46/81）, DCR 81.5% （66/81）; 57 patients of normal CEA before the treatment with ORR 24.6% （14/57）, DCR 52.6% （30/57）. The 36 patients （26.1%） using icotinib hydrochloride as the first-line treatment, 78 patients （56.5%） using icotinib hydrochloride as the second-line, 20 patients （14.5%） using icotinib hydrochloride as the third-line, and 4 patients （2.9%） with tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKI） resistance, there was statistical difference of DCR among the multi-groups above （~2 = 11.734, P = 0.008）. ORR was 31.1% （14/45） versus DCR 53.3% （24/45） in 45 patients with PS 3-4 points, and ORR was 49.4% （46/93） versus DCR 78.5% （73/93） in 93 patients with PS 0-2 points, and there was statistical difference （X2 = 4.156; X2 = 9.149）. The main adverse reactions were rash （26.8%）, diarrhea （13.8%）, mild liver function abnormal （10.9%）. Conclusion： The short-term efficacy of icotinib hydrochloride on the treatment of advanced NSCLC is positive, and the relevant adverse reactions are mild. The efficacy is better when the patient is female, non-smoker, treated as first-line, with higher CEA before treatment and lower PS scores.     

Long-term fatigue state in postoperative patients with breast cancer简

Objective：To investigate the prevalence of long-term fatigue,anxiety,depression and social support,and the relationships among these symptoms in postoperative patients with breast cancer.Methods：A total of 180 postoperative patients with breast cancer meeting criterion were recruited in this cross-sectional study.The Brief Fatigue Inventory （BFI）,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HADS） and The Social Support Survey-Chinese version were used to assessing the fatigue,anxiety and depression,Social support of participants.The magnitude of the relationship among the symptoms of fatigue and other variables was measured by Spearman Rho correlation.Results：The prevalence of long-term fatigue was 52.7％,and 18.3％ occurred moderate/severe fatigue.Two-thirds of patients had a basal social support,only 12.8％ of patients had better-perceived social support.Results of HADS showed that 16.7％ and 21.1 ％ of the participants have anxiety or depression disorder.Moderate/severe fatigue was negatively correlated with social support （r=-0.158,P=0.038） and positively correlated with age （r=0.132,P=0.042）,chemotherapy （r=0.297,P=0.027）,anxiety （r=0.324,P=0.018） and depression （r=0.211,P=0.034）.Conclusions：Long-term fatigue was highly prevalent among over half of postoperative patients with breast cancer,and moderate/severe fatigue was associated with social and psychological factors such as social support,anxiety and depression.Our results suggest that overall nursing care may be a more effective manner in improving fatigue and quality of life.     

Long non-coding RNAs in cancer简

Long non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs）, gradually being paid attention to, have been found playing a critical role in regulation of cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis, what is more, accumulating evidence indicates that IncRNAs also play a critical role in regulation of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Here, we will summarize the recent researches about some IncRNAs in the development of cancers, hoping to give a new view about the study in the mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression.     

Clinical observation of raltitrexed/bevacizumab combined with irinotecan or oxaliplation for advanced colorectal cancer简

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of raltitrexed/bevacizumab in combination with irinotecan or oxaliplation for advanced colorectal cancer as the second-line and second-line above treatments. Metho ods： Fifteen cases of advanced colorectal cancer were enrolled to receive regimens including raltitrexed/bevacizumab combined with irinotecan or oxaliplation. Two cases were treated with raltitrexed ＋ bavacizumab regimen, 9 cases with raltitrexed ＋ bavacizumab ＋ irinotecan regimen, and 4 cases with raltitrexed ＋ bevacizumab ＋ oxaliplation regimen. The doses of the drugs were as follows： bevacizumab 5 mg/kg ivgtt, d 1; raltitrexed 2.0 mg/m2 ivgtt 15 min, d2; irinotecan 180 mg/m2 ivgtt 1 h, d2; and oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 ivgtt 2 h, d2. Two weeks was a cycle for each regimen. Results： The efficacy of the 15 patients could be evaluated. Two cases were in PR ,10 cases in SD, 3 cases in PD, the response rate was 13.3%, and the disease control rate was 80.0%. The median progress-free survival was 5.1 months （95% CI： 3.404-6.813 months）, and the median overall survival was 11.5 months （95% CI： 8.985-13.930 months）. The adverse effects included anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, etc, and the main 3-4 grades adverse effects were anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion： Raltitrexed/bevacizumab combined with irinotecan or oxaliplatin as the secondline and second-line above treatments for advanced colorectal cancer has high disease control rates, and the adverse effect is well tolerated. The combined regimen can be recommended as a phase III clinical research and second-line and secondlines above treatments for advanced colorectal cancer.     

The impact of beta-elemene on beta-tubulin of human hepatoma hepg2 cells简

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of beta-elemene injection on the growth and beta-tubulin of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods:cellproliferation was assessed by MTT assay. cellcycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The mRNA expression of beta-tubulin was measured by RT-PCR. West-ern blot analysis was used to determine protein expression of beta-tubulin and the polymerization of beta-tubulin. Results:Beta-elemene injection inhibited HepG2 cells proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner;FCM analysis indicated beta-elemene injection induced cellcycle arrested at S phase. RT-PCR and western-blot analysis showed that beta-elemene injection down-regulated beta-tubulin expression at both mRNA and protein levels, presenting a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, beta-elemene injection reduced the polymerization of microtubules in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion:Beta-elemene injection can inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma HepG2 cells, the mechanism might be partly related to the down-regulation of beta-tubulin and inhibition of microtubular polymerization.     

Overexpression of HOXB9 promotes metastasis and indicates poor prognosis in colon cancer简

Objective：Homeobox B9 （HOXB9） is proposed to be involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.We investigated the role of HOXB9 in the progression of colon cancer.Methods：HOXB9 expression was investigated by immunohistochemically and Western blotting in 128 colon cancer patients and the results were analyzed statistically associated with clinicopathological data and survival of the patients.The effect of HOXB9 on cell invasion and metastases abilities were analyzed in vitro and in vivo.Results：HOXB9 is overexpressed in colon cancer tissues and significandy correlated with metastasis and poor survival of patients （P＜0.05,respectively）.Additionally,high levels of expression of HOXB9 were observed in metastatic lymph nodes.The down-regulation of HOXB9 expression can inhibit the migration and invasive ability of colon cancer cells,while exogenous expression of HOXB9 in colon cancer cells enhanced cell migration and invasiveness.Moreover,stable knockdown of HOXB9 reduced the liver and lung metastasis of colon cancer in vivo.Conclusions：HOXB9 may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells and may be a useful biomarker for metastasis and prognostic of colon cancer.     

Dosimetric evaluation of a beam matching procedure简

Objective:The dosimetric characteristics for linear accelerators with the same model, and nominal energy are known to be very similar, as long as the machines are unaltered from the manufacturer’s original specifications. In this pre-liminary study, a quantitative investigation of the similarity in the basic photon and electron dosimetry data from the Siemens Oncor linear accelerators at our hospital (Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt) was reported. Methods:The output factor (OF), wedge factors (WF), percentage depth dose (PDD), and beam profile for the 6 and 10 MV photon beams were measured. Results:The measured output factors varied by less than about 1%for each field size. The dif erence between the maximum and minimum PDD values at each depth was less than about 1%. The dif erence between the beam flattnes and symetry was no more than 1%at al of-axis distances. For electron the results showed that the PDD, OF, and the beam profiles were matched within 1%dif erences. Conclusion:These results strongly suggest that it is feasible to establish one reference photon and electron dosimetry data set for the two machines and nominal energies.     

Effect of grape proanthocyanidins on tumor growth and angiogenesis in H22 liver cancerxenograft model简

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the ef ect of grape proanthocyanidins (GPC) on the growth and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cells xenograft in mice. Methods:The xenograft model was established using injected subcutaneously H22 cells into the right axil a of the mice. Each group was treated with dif erent doses of GPC and Endostar. Al these treatments were maintained for 10 days, and mice were sacrificed. The xenograft tumors in mice were measured. The proliferation activity level of H22 cells was determined by MTT assay, and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results:When treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of GPC and Endostar, the tumor inhibition rates were 13.17%, 23.37%, 36.15%and 14.71%, respectively. The tumor weight of xenograft was significantly lighter in high GPC group than the control group (P<0.05). The ODs in GPC groups were 0.835, 0.666 and 0.519, respectively. The absorbances in middle and high GPC groups were statistical y significant, compared with control group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical technique showed the expression of VEGF of the GPC groups was down-regulated significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:GPC can inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cellxenograft in mice. The inhibition of angiogenesis by the down-regulation of VEGF expression may play a key role in the anti-neoplastic ef ect of GPC.     

金龙胶囊联合介入治疗对原发性肝癌患者免疫功能调节作用的观察

  目的  观察金龙胶囊联合介入治疗对原发性肝癌患者免疫功能的调节作用。  方法  随机选择经临床确诊为中晚期原发性肝癌的住院患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者在介入治疗后第3天开始口服金龙胶囊,3次/日,4粒/次,30 d为1个疗程。对照组患者仅进行介入治疗。治疗过程中两组均不使用其他免疫调节剂。两组患者均于介入治疗前3~5 d及介入治疗后1个月采集外周血标本检测细胞免疫功能指标。  结果  观察组患者介入治疗后外周血CD3、CD4、NK细胞、CD4/CD8比值、SIL-2R和TSGF数量（均值）与治疗前均无显著变化。对照组患者介入治疗后外周血CD3、CD4、NK细胞、CD4/CD8比值、SIL-2R和TSGF数量（均值）较治疗前均显著降低（P< 0.05）。  结论  金龙胶囊有助于原发性肝癌患者介入治疗后细胞免疫功能的恢复。      

榄香烯乳注射液对原发性肝癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的：分析研究榄香烯乳注射液对原发性肝癌患者免疫功能的影响。方法选取76例原发性肝癌患者,患者临床分期均为Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期,随机分成两组每组38例。对照组采用FAM方案;观察组采用FAM方案配合榄香烯乳注射液治疗。检测患者治疗前及治疗后的CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞计数、SIL-2R以及肝功能指标,并对比分析两组患者的检测结果。结果观察组患者治疗后的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均较治疗前升高,CD8+比治疗前降低,NK细胞活性也较治疗前升高,而SIL-2R水平下降,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。肝功能指标ALT、AST及TBIL水平较治疗前均有显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。结论榄香烯乳注射液对原发性肝癌患者的免疫力起到了正向调节作用,提高患者免疫功能。     

精氨酸对大肠癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的研究精氨酸(Arg)对大肠癌患者免疫功能的影响.方法大肠癌患者34例,随机分为实验组、对照组.实验组每日静脉输注Arg25克、连续三天.检测外周血细胞免疫指标[T细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4、CD8+)、NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率]、红细胞免疫指标[红细胞C3b受体花环率(C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物花环率(ICR)、循环免疫复合物(CIC)]、体液免疫指标(免疫球蛋白和补体)的变化.结果实验组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞活性、C3bRR均有提高,有统计学意义,尤以CD4+、NK细胞活性提高明显(P＜0.01);淋巴细胞转化率和CIC亦有改善,但仅组内比较有差异(P＜0.05);ICR降低,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05);C3bRR变化与NK细胞活性变化之间呈正相关(r=0.5804,P＜0.05),而对照组各指标均无显著变化(P＞0.05);体液免疫指标无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论短期应用药理剂量的Arg可以改善大肠癌患者的细胞免疫、红细胞免疫功能.     

腹腔镜下肝癌切除术对患者免疫功能和肝功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜下肝癌切除术对患者免疫功能和肝功能的影响。方法根据手术方法不同将80例肝癌患者分为微创组(行腹腔镜下肝癌切除术)和开腹组(行传统开腹手术),每组40例。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、引流管留置时间、住院时间,并对两组患者术前、术后1天、术后3天的丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、间接胆红素(DBIL)水平及外周血CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+水平进行比较。结果微创组患者的手术时间明显长于开腹组,切口长度、引流管留置时间、住院时间均明显短于开腹组,术中出血量明显低于开腹组(P﹤0.01);术后1天、术后3天,微创组患者的血清ALT、AST水平及外周血CD8^+水平均低于开腹组,外周血CD3^+、CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平均高于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论腹腔镜下肝癌切除术对患者免疫功能、肝功能的影响较传统开腹手术小。     

微波消融术联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞对原发性肝癌患者免疫功能、肝功能与生存情况的影响

目的 探讨微波消融术联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)对原发性肝癌患者免疫功能、肝功能与生存情况的影响.方法 依据治疗方法将100例原发性肝癌患者分为联合组和单纯组,每组50例,单纯组患者给予单纯TACE治疗,联合组患者给予微波消融术联合TACE治疗.治疗前和治疗后6个月,比较两组患者的肝功能指标[总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和白蛋白]、免疫功能指标[补体C3、免疫球蛋白(Ig)A、IgG、IgM]、甲胎蛋白(AFP)和癌胚抗原(CEA)水平.随访3年,比较两组患者的生存情况.结果 治疗后,两组患者TBIL、DBIL、ALT水平均低于本组治疗前,白蛋白水平均高于本组治疗前,且联合组患者TBIL、DBIL、ALT水平均低于单纯组,白蛋白水平高于单纯组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗后,两组患者补体C3、IgA、IgG和IgM水平均高于本组治疗前,且联合组患者补体C3、IgA、IgG和IgM水平均高于单纯组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).治疗后,两组患者AFP、CEA水平均低于本组治疗前(P﹤0.05),且联合组患者AFP、CEA水平均低于单纯组(P﹤0.05).随访3年,联合组患者的生存率高于单纯组(P﹤0.05).结论 微波消融术联合TACE可改善原发性肝癌患者的肝功能和免疫功能指标,抑制肿瘤标志物的表达,提高远期生存率.     

外周血PMN激活蚕噬化学发光与原发性肝癌患者免疫功能变化

目的　探讨外周血多形核白细胞化学发光 (Polymorphonuclear Chemilluminescence ,PMN CL)及细胞因子活性改变与原发性肝癌的发病机制关系。方法　采用液体闪烁技术 (LSC)体外激活PMN生成、释放过氧化阴离子 ,诱导吞噬作用产生化学发光 ,并应用ELISA及RIA检测相关指标IL 2、sIL 2R、IL 8、TNF、SOD ,并以健康献血员为对照。结果　体内激活明显 ,基础CL升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,最大峰值低下 ,峰时延迟 (P <0 .0 1)。相关指标IL 9、sIL 2R、TNF、SOD显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,IL 2低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　原发性肝癌患者外周血PMN化学发光变化 ,客观反应了细胞免疫功能水平 ,以及超氧离子的生成、释放与损伤状态。对深入研究原发性肝癌的发病机理具有重要意义。     

穴位敷贴改善原发性肝癌患者肝功能和凝血功能的研究北大核心

目的:探讨穴位敷贴对原发性肝癌患者肝功能和凝血功能的作用。方法:将64例原发性肝癌患者随机分为两组(每组32例):对照组采用常规保肝治疗。治疗组采用穴位敷贴联合常规保肝治疗。治疗前后,记录两组患者卡氏评分(karnofsky performance score,KPS)及药物不良反应;检测血液肝功能指标:谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)的含量;测定凝血因子Ⅱ(FⅡ)、Ⅶ(FⅦ)和Ⅷ(FⅧ)水平以及凝血功能四项指标:凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、凝血酶时间(thromboplastin time,TT)和纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)。结果:治疗前两组患者的基线资料无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的各项指标均显著有改善。而且治疗组患者卡式评分(71.26±6.20)高于对照组(62.15±6.78);不良反应发生率(37.50%)低于对照组(62.63%)(P<0.05);AST(51.93±7.85)U/L、ALT(49.83±8.21)U/L和TBIL(23.56±4.75)μmol/L水平均小于对照组(56.44±8.26)U/L、(54.65±6.44)U/L和(26.17±4.01)μmol/L(P<0.05);凝血因子FⅡ(89.31±15.40)%、FⅦ(92.85±12.44)%和FⅧ(75.65±12.53)%水平高于对照组(80.11±13.82)%、(86.83±10.21)%和(68.24±10.94)%(P<0.05);PT(15.24±3.83)s、APTT(34.42±4.76)s和TT(13.69±2.86)s低于对照组(17.62±3.45)s、(37.44±6.24)s和(15.50±3.01)s,FIB(4.57±0.80)g/L高于对照组(4.05±0.91)g/L(P<0.05)。结论:穴位敷贴能有效提高原发性肝癌患者生存质量,降低药物不良反应发生率,改善患者肝功能和凝血功能。     

肝癌围手术期肝脏功能检测方法

肝切除术后肝衰竭是肝癌患者围手术期重要的并发症和致死原因。目前有多种检测方法（包括常规肝功能检测和肝储备功能定量检测）,综合应用能评价肝脏功能,预测肝衰竭。     

癌痛对抑郁及免疫功能的影响

目的:分析癌痛与抑郁和免疫功能之间的相关性。方法:收集我科室从2013年1月至2016年12月收治的73例晚期肿瘤患者,37例癌痛组,36例无癌痛组,进行数字疼痛强度量表(NRS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生活质量、免疫功能等的调查分析比较。结果:癌痛与无癌痛的两组患者抑郁的发生比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05),癌痛程度与抑郁程度有相关性(P＜0.05);癌痛与无癌痛的两组患者生活质量的比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。癌痛与无癌痛的两组患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+比较差异无明显统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论:抑郁的发生与癌痛相关,抑郁程度和癌痛程度也有极大关联。癌痛可明显影响患者生活质量,但对免疫功能影响不明显。     

复方苦参注射液辅助治疗对晚期肿瘤患者骨转移疼痛及免疫功能的影响

目的:观察复方苦参注射液辅助治疗对晚期肿瘤患者癌痛及免疫功能的影响。方法:80例癌症患者随机分成治疗组和对照组各40例,治疗组给予复方苦参注射液联合常规盐酸羟考酮缓释片;对照组单用盐酸羟考酮缓释片。结果:治疗组缓解率为38例(95.0%)高于对照组31例(77.5%)(P<0.05),两组治疗前的体液免疫、细胞免疫,焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分均无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后,与对照组比,观察组的体液免疫和细胞免疫明显增高(P<0.05),SAS和SDS明显降低(P<0.05)。两组均无失访案例,随访时间2~40个月,对照组存活20例,中位生存时间为19个月,观察组存活30例,中位生存时间为20个月,与对照组比,观察组的生存时间明显延长（P=0.033)。结论:复方苦参注射液治疗癌痛的疗效肯定,并可缓解患者的焦虑抑郁,改善免疫情况。