碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与阿尔茨海默病

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与阿尔茨海默病@朱大明$暨南大学生物工程研究所!广东广州510632 @洪岸$暨南大学生物工程研究所!广东广州510632 @林剑$暨南大学生物工程研究所!广东广州510632阿尔茨海默病;;成纤维细胞生长因子,碱性;;细胞;;细胞凋亡;;蛋白质类~~~~     

68例Bell麻痹的瞬目反射研究

68例Bell麻痹的瞬目反射研究@苏常春!510180,广东广州$广州市第一人民医院脑内科 @麦玉冰!510180,广东广州$广州市第一人民医院病案统计室Bell麻痹;;瞬目反射~~     

环氧-二十碳三烯酸与心脏

环氧-二十碳三烯酸与心脏@曾翔俊$首都医科大学病理生理学教研室!北京100054 @王雯$首都医科大学病理生理学教研室!北京100054 @张立克$首都医科大学病理生理学教研室!北京100054花生四烯酸类;;细胞色素P-450;;心脏~~~~     

传统动物免疫法和硝酸纤维素膜皮下包埋免疫法的比较

~~传统动物免疫法和硝酸纤维素膜皮下包埋免疫法的比较@丁天兵$第四军医大学微生物学教研室!陕西西安710032 @任育华$西安交通大学附属第二临床医院干部病房 @汪海丹$第四军医大学九五级学员!陕西西安710032 @于淑湘$第四军医大学九五级!学员 陕西西安710032动物免疫;;佐剂;;硝酸纤维素;;包埋~~     

正常人心脏等组织中心房纳尿肽定量及其在血中的动态变化

~~正常人心脏等组织中心房纳尿肽定量及其在血中的动态变化@张利朝$第四军医大学唐都医院!陕西西安710038 @张盈华$第四军医大学唐都医院!陕西西安710038 @梁国栋$第四军医大学唐都医院!陕西西安710038 @施溥涛$中国科学院上海生物化学研究所心房;;纳尿肽;;分泌;;节律性~~     

内源性一氧化氮的研究进展

内源性一氧化氮的研究进展广州暨南大学医学院病理生理教研室（５１０６３２）王华东，李楚杰从传统概念来看，结构简单、高毒性的小分子化合物一氧化氮（ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅ）似乎不可能成为哺乳动物体内的生物信使分子（ｍｅｓｓｅｎｇｅｒｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ）。然而...     

环氧合酶与胃肠道病理生理

环氧合酶与胃肠道病理生理@孟德胜$第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所药剂科!重庆400042 @吕金胜$第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所药剂科!重庆400042 @汪仕良$第三军医大学西南医院烧伤研究所!重庆400038前列腺素内过氧化物合酶;;胃肠系统;;病理生理学~~     

肝再生增强因子的研究进展

肝再生增强因子的研究进展@黄志刚$邯郸医学高等专科学校医学检验系!河北邯郸056002 @刘殿武$河北医科大学公共卫生学院!河北石家庄050017肝再生增强因子;;基因克隆;;肝再生~~     

癫术前定位评估

癫术前定位评估@许尚臣!600014,山东济南$山东省千佛山医院 @李劲梅$重庆医科大学第一医院癫外科;;术前评估;;皮质定位~~     

初次脑电图检查异常慢波对癫诊断的影响

初次脑电图检查异常慢波对癫诊断的影响@鲁在清!277101,山东枣庄$枣庄市市中区人民医院脑电图室 @刘娟!277101,山东枣庄$枣庄市市中区人民医院脑电图室癫;;脑电图;;异常慢波~~     

The CSF concentration of ADMA,but not of ET-1, is correlated with the occurrence and severity of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Under physiological conditions, vasoconstrictors and vasodilators are counterbalanced. After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) disturbance of this equilibrium may evoke delayed cerebral vasospasm (CVS) leading to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Most studies examined either the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) or the vasodilative pathway of nitric oxide (NO) and did not include investigations regarding the relationship between vasospasm and ischemia. Asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), decreases the concentration of NO. Studies have correlated increasing concentrations of ADMA with the course and degree of CVS after SAH. We sought to determine, if ADMA and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are associated with CVS and/or DCI after SAH. CSF concentrations of ADMA and ET-1 were retrospectively determined in 30 patients after SAH and in controls. CVS was detected clinically and by arteriogaphy. DCI was monitored by follow-up CT scans. 17 patients developed arteriographic CVS and 4 patients developed DCI. ADMA but not ET-1 concentrations were correlated with occurrence and degree of CVS. However, ET-1 concentrations were correlated with WFNS grade on admission. Neither ADMA nor ET-1 correlated with DCI in this cohort. ET-1 concentrations seem to be associated with the impact of the SAH bleed. ADMA may be directly involved in the development and resolution of CVS after SAH via inhibition of NOS disturbing the balance of vasodilative and -constrictive components.     

内源性一氧化氮合酶抑制物上调4周运动大鼠骨骼肌收缩功能和线粒体生物合成

目的:观察内源性一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制物非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)及其信号通路在4周运动大鼠NO水平及骨骼肌收缩功能与线粒体生物合成中的调节作用。方法:建立4周运动大鼠模型,检测离体比目鱼肌对电刺激的单次、强直和疲劳收缩的最大张力;并检测骨骼肌中ATP和线粒体DNA含量以及过氧化物酶增殖体受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)、核呼吸因子(NRF)mRNA的表达以反映线粒体生物合成及功能;用高效液相色谱测定血清ADMA浓度;用Western blot法检测骨骼肌中内源性ADMA生成酶PRMT1和ADMA代谢酶DDAH2种亚型以及NOS 3种亚型蛋白的表达;用比色法测定NOS活性及一氧化氮(NO)含量等。结果:与正常对照组相比,运动组大鼠比目鱼肌对电刺激诱导的各种收缩张力均明显增强,比目鱼肌ATP含量、线粒体DNA含量和PGC-1α、NRF mRNA增加显著(P0.01)。运动组大鼠比目鱼肌中构成型NOS(cNOS)的蛋白表达及其NOS活性明显上调(P0.01),而NO含量仅小幅增加(P0.05);同时,4周运动增加大鼠血清ADMA浓度,并伴有骨骼肌DDAH2表达下调。结论:短期耐力运动增强比目鱼肌单次收缩、强直收缩和抗疲劳收缩肌功能,其机制可能与过度增加的cNOS促使ADMA水平反馈性升高,从而维持骨骼肌NO低幅度增加,促进线粒体生物合成有关。     

内源性一氧化氮合酶抑制物在糖尿病大鼠勃起功能障碍中的作用

目的:探讨内源性一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制物非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)在糖尿病大鼠勃起功能障碍中的作用及其机制。方法:采用高脂饲养加小剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射诱导8周病程的2型糖尿病大鼠模型;麻醉下分离大鼠阴茎海绵体,用器官浴槽方法检测海绵体对乙酰胆碱的内皮依赖性舒张反应以反映其勃起功能;检测血清ADMA含量;检测海绵体组织NOS活性及一氧化氮(NO)和环磷酸鸟苷(c GMP)含量;用Western blot检测海绵体ADMA信号通路蛋白和磷酸二酯酶5(PDE5)的表达;检测超氧化物歧化酶活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量以评价氧化应激。结果:糖尿病大鼠血糖升高,胰岛素敏感性降低,表明糖尿病大鼠模型建立成功;与正常对照组比较,糖尿病大鼠海绵体舒张功能明显降低,血清ADMA浓度升高,海绵体组织NOS活性及NO和c GMP含量降低,ADMA生成酶蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶1表达上调,ADMA代谢酶二甲基精氨酸二甲胺水解酶1、2及ADMA靶酶内皮型NOS和神经元型NOS表达下调,PDE5蛋白表达上调,氧化应激增加;体外用ADMA孵育正常大鼠离体海绵体,亦可产生与糖尿病大鼠海绵体相似的舒张功能障碍及NO和c GMP含量减少。结论:内源性NOS抑制物ADMA蓄积是导致糖尿病大鼠勃起功能障碍的重要原因,其机制可能与减少NO生成、增加氧化应激有关。     

睾丸一氧化氮合酶与雄性生殖

一氧化氮合酶 (nitricoxidesynthase ,NOS)在NADPH(还原型辅酶Ⅱ )存在下催化L -精氨酸分解生成一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO)。NOS有以下几种形式 :神经型NOS(nNOS) ,诱导型NOS(iNOS) ,内皮型NOS(eNOS)。NO是目前研究最多的体内信息分子和效应分子 ,广泛存在于人体的心血管系统、神经系统、消化系统、免疫系统、生殖系统等。NOS和NO对生殖活动的作用已被广泛研究 ,如对睾丸微循环的调解 ,参与睾酮分泌 ,调解精子活动等。本文对睾丸NOS/NO与雄性哺乳动物生殖关系的研究进展作一概述。     

脑挫伤后一氧化氮合酶阳性细胞及一氧化氮含量的变化

目的　探讨脑挫伤后一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)阳性细胞和一氧化氮 (NO)的变化和意义。方法　采用自由落体法致Wistar大鼠顶叶皮质挫裂伤动物模型。伤后 2 4h、72h和 7d取脑 ,制作冰冻切片 ,采用NADPH组织化学染色 ,显示脑挫伤区NOS阳性细胞。用硝酸还原酶法测定血液和脑组织中NO含量。结果　脑挫伤后 72h ,NOS阳性细胞数密度 (Nv)和面密度(Sv)明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而且 7d时仍无明显下降。血液和脑中NO含量也增高 ,并与NOS细胞呈平行关系。结论　脑挫伤后不同时间NOS细胞数目和NO含量有明显改变 ,提示NOS和NO参与了脑挫伤的病理过程     

一氧化氮合酶抑制物对大鼠离体乳头肌收缩力的影响及其机制

目的:探讨一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制物对电刺激大鼠离体左心室乳头肌收缩力的影响及其机制。方法:制备大鼠离体左心室乳头肌条,用Muscle Research System记录电刺激(频率1 Hz、波宽5 ms)诱导心肌收缩张力。结果:与正常对照组比较,用30μmol/L内源性NOS抑制物非对称二甲基精氨酸(asymmetric dimethylarginine,ADMA)孵育乳头肌60 min后,肌条对电刺激收缩张力明显降低;用相同浓度的外源性NOS抑制物NG-硝基-L-精氨酸孵育60 min,均可产生与ADMA相似的抑制作用。用1 mmol/L一氧化氮(NO)合成前体L-精氨酸或10μmol/L NO供体硝普钠预孵育肌条15 min,再与ADMA共孵育60 min,均可逆转ADMA对心肌收缩的抑制作用。用10μmol/L蛋白激酶C抑制剂chelerythrine或抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸预处理,亦可逆转ADMA的抑制作用。结论:NOS抑制物对电刺激大鼠离体左心室乳头肌收缩具有抑制作用,可能是由于减少NO生成、活化蛋白激酶C、使氧化应激增加所致。     

Genetic analysis of nitric oxide synthase isoforms: targeted mutation in mice

Sine the discovery that nitric oxide is an endogenous vasodilator responsible for endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity, nitric oxide has been found in many different cell types and implicated in many diverse biological processes. Because pharmacological blockade does not distinguish between the three major isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, the tissue and enzyme source of nitric oxide is unclear in many situations. Targeted disruption of the genes for the various isoforms of nitric oxide synthase offers a useful genetic approach to study the roles of each isoform and to examine the effects of their deletion on physiological processes in intact animals. Here we review the phenotypes of the various nitric oxide synthase mutant mice and examine what they reveal about the complexities of the nitric oxide signaling system and about molecular and physiological compensations brought into play in the absence of individual isoforms.Abbreviations rCBF Relative cerebral blood flow - EDRF Endothelium-dependent relaxing factor - IJP Inhibitory junction potentials - LTP Long-term potentiation - L-NAME l-N-Arginine-methyl ester - L-NMMA l N-Monomethyl arginine - L-NA lNitro arginine - LPS Lipopolysaccharide - NOS Nitric oxide synthase - nNOS Neuronal NOS - iNOS Inducible NOS - eNOS Endothelial NOS - VIP Vasoactive intestinal peptide     

Effect of focal cerebral ischemia on nitric oxide synthase expression in rats

Time- and cell-type-dependent immunohistochemical activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was investigated in rat cerebral cortex following focal ischemia and the local concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured. NO concentration increased 2 min after the ischemia. Brain NOS-immunoreactive neurons increased in number 5 min after the ischemia. Endothelial cell NOS immunoreactivity was first detected in vascular endothelial cells and astrocytes 5 min after the ischemia, and it increased again during 60 min to 4 days after the ischemia in reactive astrocytes. Inducible NOS immunoreactivity was detected in astrocytes, vascular endothelium, and microglia/macrophages at the periphery of the ischemic core during 2–4 days after the ischemia.This study was presented at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Clinical Electron Microscopy Society of Japan, Osaka, October 17–19, 1996.     

Asymmetric dimethylarginine: a molecule responsible for the coexistence of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis via dual nitric oxide synthase inhibition

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been recently identified as the major endogenous inhibitor of soluble nitric oxide synthase. Its systemic accumulation was observed in conjunction with atherosclerosis and several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Here, we propose that ADMA causes insulin resistance by the inhibition of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase, while the simultaneously observed atherosclerosis is the consequence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. Our hypothesis rests on animal models in which experimental insulin resistance was induced by intraportal administration of non-selective and selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, N-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) or 7-nitroindazole. In these models, loss of hepatic nitric oxide productions is presumed to hinder a very potent insulin sensitizing mechanism referred to as meal induced sensitization that is anatomically linked to the nitrergic fibers of the anterior hepatic plexus. Cause and effect relationship between ADMA and insulin resistance has been proposed previously by others however the nature of this relationship has not been elucidated in detail. In our hypothesis, we suggest that ADMA by inhibiting both the neuronal and the endothelial forms of NOS, results both in insulin resistance and in accelerated atherosclerosis, therefore ADMA is the molecule responsible for the coexistence of these two conditions. We also suggest animal models and human studies to test our hypothesis, the results of which may offer novel approaches in the prevention of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.     

缺氧新生鼠胃壁内一氧化氮合成酶定量和定位研究

为探讨缺氧新生鼠胃壁局部一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的改变,本文直接测定其胃壁一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）活性,并采用ＮＡＤＰＨ二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶组织化学方法（ＮＤ法）观察胃壁各层ＮＯＳ分布的变化,结果发现：急性缺氧组与正常组相比,差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。但在缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）组,胃壁ＮＯＳ活性明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＮＤ法定位显示ＮＯＳ阳性纤维及胞体明显增多表现在肌层,而粘膜及粘膜下层变化不明显。说明窒息时胃动力降低及胃粘膜病变与ＮＯ在胃壁内的改变有关。