日本血吸虫精氨酸酶基因启动子序列的扩增及序列分析

目的获取日本血吸虫(Sj)精氨酸酶(ARG)新基因的DNA编码序列及其启动子序列,实验验证ARG基因编码序列的完整性。方法以日本血吸虫成虫DNA做模板,PCR扩增ARG基因编码区的DNA序列并测序;根据Sj ARG基因已扩增的DNA序列设计2条巢式引物,用BaKaRa LA Taq PCR Cloning in vitro Kit,扩增Sj ARG基因的启动子序列;对已扩增得到的序列进行TATA盒的寻找以分析启动子序列的位置,实验验证我们曾获取的SjARG新基因编码序列的完整性。结果扩增得到长约1000bp ARG基因DNA序列,SjARG基因DNA序列内没有内含子,与cDNA序列完全一致。对启动子序列扩增后,得到一略大于250bp的序列,测序后分析发现其中有36bp与ARG基因DNA序列的5’端重叠。因此,将精氨酸酶基因的DNA序列又向前延伸了221bp,与前面得到的序列拼接后得到一条1486bp的总序列,将该序列在NCBI上进行ORF的寻找发现其最长的ORF达1164bp,起始密码子在第156位,终止密码子在第1319位,该起始密码子前32位为TATA盒的位置。因此,确定该SjARG基因全长cDNA编码序列长应为1164bp。结论成功扩增获得了日本血吸虫精氨酸酶基因编码区的DNA序列,其不舍有内含子;并扩增得到了该基因的启动子序列,从而获得了SiARC基因真正的全长cDNA序列,为进一步的功能鉴定奠定了基础。     

用cox1基因片段的PCR鉴别亚洲带绦虫和牛带绦虫

目的：用cox1基因片段的PCR技术对亚洲带绦虫和牛带绦虫的快速鉴别。方法：用亚洲带绦虫和牛带绦虫线粒体cox1基因片段的特异性引物以及带绦虫cox1基因片段的通用引物,对贵州省都匀地区和从江地区的带绦虫虫卵和节片DNA进行常规PCR扩增,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测和核酸序列测定,并用NC-BI Blast对扩增产物的核酸序列与NCBI数据库中带绦虫的cox1基因进行比对。结果：5株都匀带绦虫DNA样品经亚洲带绦虫cox1基因片段的特异性引物PCR,均扩增出约260 bp的产物,PCR产物的核酸序列与NCBI数据库中亚洲带绦虫线粒体cox1基因片段的同源性为100%;2株从江带绦虫的DNA样品用亚洲带绦虫特异性引物和牛带绦虫特异性引物的PCR均未见扩增产物,而通用引物PCR则扩增出约1 000 bp的产物,核酸序列与NCBI数据库中牛带绦虫线粒体cox1基因片段的同源性为99%,在牛带绦虫特异性引物的结合位点存在一个碱基差异。结论：常规PCR扩增特异性的cox1基因片段可快速鉴定亚洲带绦虫;从江牛带绦虫株的cox1基因特异性片段部分存在变异,导致与特异性引物结合能力的差异,可采用cox1基因通用引物PCR结合测序进行鉴定。     

人乳头瘤病毒6型基因组晚期区序列分析

目的 初步分析我国尖锐湿疣患者病变组织分离的乳头瘤病毒6型（HPV-6）基因组晚期区编码序列变异情况。方法 采用重叠PCR设计,分别从HPV-6阳性尖锐湿疣患者病变组织扩增出主要衣壳蛋白L1和次要衣壳蛋白L2基因片段,插人质粒载体克隆,经测序、拼接获得HPV-6基因组晚期区序列,结果 得到的两条长2869bp的HPV-6晚期区序列（GenBank序列索取号AY015006,AY015008）均具有完整的L1和L2开放阅读框（ORF）,与原型序列比较,在L1和L2ORF中共有9个核苷酸变异,其中错义突变4个（有3个发生在L2ORF,1个在L1ORF）。分子进化分析表明,克隆的晚期区序列属于HPV-6b亚型。结论 HPV-6基因组晚期区编码序列非常保守（核苷酸变异率小于0.28%),并且L1ORF比L2ORF更为保守,其中位于L1ORF中7081位的A→G和7099位的G→A两处共有突变在我国HPV-6分离物中具有代表性,本研究首次从我国尖锐湿疣组织标本克隆了HPV-6基因组晚期区全长编码序列。     

鼠抗人cTnI单克隆抗体Fab段基因克隆和序列分析

目的:克隆鼠抗人cTnI mAb Fab段基因并进行序列分析.方法:设计扩增鼠IgG重链Fd段及K轻链引物,从分泌cTnI mAb的杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,RT-PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行分子克隆、测序及序列分析.结果:重链和轻链引物分别扩增出一约700 bp和800 bp DNA片段.经序列分析,与已发表的鼠IsG基因序列对比,其核苷酸及其所推导的氨基酸序列符合鼠IgG1 Fab段特征.在GenBank登录,登录号为AY484430(重链),AY484431(轻链);氨基酸序列登录号为AAR83243(重链),AAR83244(轻链).结论:本实验室获得了完整的鼠源性抗人cTnI mAb Fab段基因,为鼠抗人cTnI的人源化改造奠定了基础.     

白纹伊蚊Rh类糖蛋白基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

目的应用简并引物RT．PCR和RACE方法获取白纹伊蚊Rh类糖蛋白（Aedes albopictus rhesuslike glycoprotein,AaRh）基因的全长cDNA。方法根据冈比亚按蚊、埃及伊蚊等亲缘关系较近物种的Rh类糖蛋白同源性分析结果,在氨基酸高度保守区域184／343和219／337氨基酸位点设计2对简并引物,以白纹伊蚊雌蚊总RNA为模板,应用巢式RT—PCR扩增AaRh的基因片段。根据获得的AaRh基因部分序列,设计2对特异性引物AaRhGSP1、GSP2和AaRhGSP3、GSP4,应用5’RACE和3’RACE分别扩增AaRh基因的5’端和3’端cDNA片段,然后拼接出全长cDNA序列。通过在线生物信息学分析（NCBI和Expasy）,对目的基因序列进行生物信息学分析。结果应用2对简并引物进行巢式RT-PCR．获得379bpAaRh基因片段。应用5’RACE和3’RACE方法,分别获得AaRh基因5’端1008bp、3’端822bpcDNA序列,根据两个片段的首／尾共同序列拼接为1717bp的基因片段。该核苷酸序列经BLASTn分析显示,与埃及伊蚊Rh蛋白的一致性高达95％,鉴定其为白纹伊蚊Rh类糖蛋白基因。AaRh基因具有完整的开放阅读框,其ORF从第128位到1516位含1389bp,编码462个氨基酸。Expasy在线生物信息学程序分析显示,白纹伊蚊Rh类糖蛋白是一个整合膜蛋白,跨膜11次,58aa．446aa具有铵离子通道的结构功能域;理论等电点（pI）5．37,分子量49775．10Mr,laa-26aa可能为分泌信号肽序列;含有4个潜在的天冬酰胺糖基化位点和17个线性抗原决定簇,翻译后可能进行糖基化修饰,提示其为糖蛋白。结论成功获取AaRh基因的全长cDNA,生物信息学分析结果为AaRh蛋白的生物学特性和功能研究奠定了基础。     

运用PCR直接测定基因组DNA序列法检出一种中国人中罕见的β-地中海贫血基因突变(简报)

借助PCR(聚合酶链反应)技术可直接测定人基因组DNA中特定基因片段的序列.用双脱氧末端终止法测定单链DNA(ss-DNA)序列比测定双链DNA(ds-DNA)序列效果好,故本实验建立用PCR产生ss-DNA,进而测定其序列以便检测β地中海贫血基因突变的方法.扩增的β珠蛋白基因片段从启动子5’端到第二内含子长615bp.所用引物序列:Ⅰ.5’GCCAAGGACAGGTACGGCT GT CATC 3’;Ⅱ.5’TGC AGC TTG TCA CAG TGC AGC TCA CT 3’.利用PCR产生ss-DNA的策略有两个.一是用引物Ⅰ和Ⅱ扩增出ds-DNA,经1.5％琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离.回收特异的ds-DNA;再以后者     

PCR技术鉴定南水北调中线水源地淡水虾囊蚴并行系统进化分析

目的:基于PCR结合测序分析建立一种准确判断淡水虾类感染吸虫囊蚴的分子鉴定方法,并对其系统进化进行分析,追溯其起源。方法:采用肌肉压片直接挑取法取出囊蚴,试剂盒提取基因组DNA。用吸虫通用引物对所提DNA进行PCR扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定。PCR阳性样本采用各类吸虫特异性引物分别进行扩增,PCR产物电泳鉴定,阳性样本送公司进行双向测序。使用DNAstar软件拼接序列,离线软件MEGA5比对测序结果并建立系统进化树并分析其起源。结果:制作虾肌肉压片20张共挑取囊蚴32个,获取了囊蚴基因组DNA。三对通用引物均扩出480 bp左右的单一条带。吸虫特异性引物扩增时,仅有针对于吸虫异形科的ITS2和28S rRNA序列分别扩增出了约480 bp和1 300 bp的特异性条带。软件分别拼接出了419 bp和770 bp的截断序列。系统进化树分析显示,虾类所感染吸虫囊蚴有两种,分别与Neochoanostoma spp和Dimerosaccus oncorhynchi高度同源。结论:应用PCR结合测序分析在十堰地区首次建立了淡水虾类囊蚴的分子鉴定方法,为我国吸虫系统分类和南水北调中线水源地食源性吸虫病的研究奠定了基础。     

豚鼠MCHR2基因外显子1的克隆及序列分析

目的 探明豚鼠体内MCHR2基因的表达情况, 为构建动物模型提供实验依据.方法 利用逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,从新鲜豚鼠大脑组织的总RNA中扩增MCHR2基因的全长cDNA编码区序列,从豚鼠脑组织中提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增MCHR2基因外显子1的序列,克隆入pUCm-T载体后进行序列分析.结果 RT-PCR法未获得目的 片段;由基因组DNA扩增出的MCHR2基因外显子1的序列片段长183 bp,与GenBank登录的人、猴、白鼬、犬的MCHR2序列比对,在第47位后面多了一个碱基--A,由于移码错译而导致提前出现终止密码,从而缩短了预测的开放阅读框架.结论 豚鼠体内的MCHR2基因是无功能的假基因.     

弓形虫529 bp重复序列基因的PCR阳性质控质粒的构建

目的：构建含有弓形虫529 bp高度重复序列基因的重组质粒,为基于该基因的弓形虫病分子生物学诊断建立标准阳性对照品。方法：以弓形虫RH株基因组DNA为模板,对529 bp的基因片段进行扩增,将纯化后的PCR产物与pMD18-T载体连接后转入大肠埃希菌DH-5α中,提取重组质粒PCR及测序鉴定。以弓形虫529 bp基因为靶基因设计的检测引物,扩增弓形虫基因组DNA及质粒DNA。结果：PCR产物序列与GENBANK中弓形虫529 bp基因序列完全一致。以弓形虫基因组DNA和质粒DNA为模板,成功扩增出预期的249bp基因片段。结论：成功构建可作为标准阳性对照品的含有弓形虫529 bp高度重复序列基因的重组质粒pMD-18-Tox,为经济实用的弓形虫诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

一个含有25bp内含子的阴道毛滴虫Rabl-like新基因

目的 克隆和鉴定一个新的阴道毛滴虫Rabl-like基因（TvRabl-like）及其内含子。方法 我们从一阴道毛滴虫cDNA表达文库中分离出一个cDNA克隆,它与各物种的Rab家族蛋白有较高的同源性,因此我们进一步用BLASTP、RPS-BLAST、ClustalW和MEGA3等分析软件对该cDNA克隆进行了序列分析和进化树分析;用PCR和RT-PCR等技术分别对该基因组和mRNA进行了扩增和测序分析。结果 序列分析结果表明该eDNA克隆长705bp,开放阅读框具603bp,推测肽链含有200个氨基酸。序列比较分析结果提示该cDNA克隆所推测的蛋白质是一个Rabl亚家族的亚型。进化树分析也表明它属于阴道毛滴虫Rabl亚家族。基因组PCR扩增和测序分析表明该基因包含一个25bp的内含子,该内含子具有阴道毛滴虫和其它真核生物较大内含子所具备的典型的5’GT-AG-3’和分支位点基序。RT-PCR产物及其测序分析表明在该基因的转录本中存在着未剪切和剪切后的mRNA,说明确实有内含子的存在。结论 TvRabl-like基因属于阴道毛滴虫Rabl亚家族,该基因含有一个25bp的内含子。该内含子是至今发现的最小的阴道毛滴虫基因内含子之一,很可能也是真核生物中最小的内含子。对诸类最低等真核生物内含子的研究将有助于我们理解真核生物内含子的起源和进化。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.